Wadaadka - waa kuma? Saaxiibadayda weyn

Mid ka mid ah tilmaamaha ugu weyn ee Masiixiyaddu waa Orthodox. Uu qirashadeeda by malaayiin qof oo dunida oo dhan: in Russia, Greece, Armenia, Georgia iyo dalalka kale. Sepulchre Quduuska ah ayaa waxaa loo arkaa ilmaha masuulka ka ah geedihii Asheeraah waaweyn ee Falastiin. kaniisadaha Orthodox jiraan xitaa Alaska iyo Japan. In guryaha Mu'miniinta Orthodox sudhan yihiin astaamo image sawiro ah Ciise Masiix iyo quduusiinta oo dhan. Qarnigii line, kiniisadda Christian kala Orthodox iyo Catholic. Maanta, inta badan dadka Orthodox ku nool Russia, sida mid ka mid ah kaniisadaha ugu da'da weyn waa Orthodox Church Ruush, madax Wadaad ah.

Wadaadka - waa kuma?

Waxaa jira saddex darajo wadaadnimo: adeegto, wadaadka iyo hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu. Markaasaa wadaadkii - waa kuma? Sidaas awgeed, waxaan soo wici wadaad of hoose degree wadaadnimadii Orthodox labaad darajo, taas oo uu leeyahay barakadii uu hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu waa loo ogol yahay inay is-maamulka oo ka mid ah lix sacraments, rukoprilozheniya Amarada mooyee.

Dad badan oo ku mashquulsan yihiin asalka ah ee horyaalka wadaadka. Yuu yahay iyo sida uu u kala duwan yihiin aawadeed wadaadnimadii waa laga? Waxaa xusid mudan in hadal ka duwan luqadda Giriigga macnaheedu yahay "wadaad" in Church Ruush ah - wadaadka, kuwaas oo darajooyin monastic waxaa lagu magacaabaa hieromonk ah. The hadal rasmi ah ama u qabataan wadaaddadii ay go'aansatay in ay ka dalban "Reverend". Qaysas iyo Raahibiin Ismana waxay xaq u leeyihiin in ay nolol kaniisadda kaniisadaha magaalooyinka iyo miyiga, iyo waxaa loo yaqaannaa abbots.

guulahaas wadaaddada

Qaysas iyo Raahibiin Ismana in Zaman ee isbedel xoog weyn aawadood oo ah iimaan, naftooda ku allabaryi jireen in ay dhammaan lahaa. Tani waa sida dadka Masiixiyiinta ah ee asalka ah ayaa haysta iimaan ah lagu badbaadinayo ee Masiixa. Ay feat daniiste dhabta ah Church marnaba illoobaa iyo sharaf sharaf oo dhan. Ma aha qof kasta waa og yahay sida badan wadaaddadii, wadaaddada ayaa lagu dilay inta lagu guda jiro tijaabooyin laga cabsado. Ay feat ahaa sidaas u weyn in ay tahay wax aan macquul aheyn in xitaa qiyaasi.

Svyaschennomuchenik Sergy

Wadaadka Serge Mechev dhashay September 17, 1892 Moscow galay qoyska ka mid ah wadaadka Mecheva Alekseya. Ka dib ka qalin dugsiga sare bilad qalin ah, oo wuxuu aaday inuu ka barato dugsiga caafimaadka University Moscow, laakiin markaas wareejiyay taariikhda iyo Philology iyo qalin ee 1917. In sano ee uu ardayga uu ka qeyb galay goobaabin fiqi magaca Ioanna Zlatousta. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka sokeeye ee 1914 Mechev shaqeeyay in walaalkiis samafal tareen isbitaalka. In 1917, waxaa inta badan ahaa Tihona awowe oo bixisa in ay fiiro gaar ah u. In 1918, uu aawadeed wadaadnimadii waa laga helay barako in ay qaataan odayaasha Optina. Ka dib markii in, markii uu hore u ahaa aabbihii Serge, isagu marnaba la dayacay uu rumaysadkiinna xagga Rabbi Ciise Masiix iyo in ugu adag ee jeer, marayay xeryaha oo la masaafuriyey, xitaa ka yar jirdil ma ka tanaasulaan, taas oo uu toogasho December 24, 1941 derbiyada NKVD Yaroslavl gudahood. Taliye Sergiyos Bawlos Mechev canonized Shuhadada ee 2000. Golaha wadaadada waawayn oo ka mid ah Church Orthodox Ruush.

Ispovednik Aleksey

Wadaadka Alexey Usenko ku dhashay qabiilka reer pappi ee Dmitry Usenko March 15, 1873. Ka dib markii la helo formation seminary, wuxuu amray wadaadkii ah oo bilaabay in ay u adeegaan in mid ka mid ah tuulooyinka of Zaporozhye. Waxaad waa in ay u soo shaqeeyay in ay salaadda kuwa is-hoosaysiiya, haddii aan kacaanka ah ee 1917. In 1920-1930-mada waxa aan la si gaar ah walaacsan caddibaadda awood Soviet. Laakiin 1936, in tuulada degmada Timoshovka Mikhailovsky, halkaas oo uu kula noolaa qoyskiisa, maamulka deegaanka xiray kaniisadda. Waxa uu hore u ahaa ee '64. Markaasaa wadaadkii Alexey u tageen inay ka shaqeeyaan beerta, laakiin wadaadkii sii khudbadiisa, iyo meel walba waxaa ku jiray dadka ku jiray oo doonaya inuu isaga ka dhegaysataan. Mas'uuliyiintu ha saarin ilaa la iyo in ay maxaabiis ahaan fog iyo xabsi diray. Wadaadka Alexey Usenko meekly adkaystay oo dhan dhibaatada iyo bahdilka wakhtigii dhammaaday wuxuu ahaa aamin Masiixa iyo Church Quduuska ah. Malaha wuu dhintay in BAMlag (xerada Baikal-Amur) - Lama oga maalinta iyo meesha uu dhintay, u badan tahay, ayuu waxaa lagu aasay xerada xabaalo wadareedyo. Zaporizhia Sheeko codsaday Synod Quduuska ah ee Orthodox Church Yukreeniyaan si aad u tixgeliso aqoonsiga sida wadaad Alexey Usenko ah quduusiinta degaanka qadarin.

Svyaschennomuchenik Andrey

Benedictine wadaadkii Andrew waxa uu ku dhashay October 29, 1885 tuulada Voronin, gobolka Nizhny Novgorod in wadaadka qoyska Nikolai Venediktov ah.

Waxaa, oo ay la socdaan sheekh iyo Subkista kale oo ka mid ah kaniisadaha Orthodox la xiray August 6, 1937 oo lagu eedeeyay sheekaysiga anti-Soviet iyo ka qaybgalka kaniisadda muuqooda counterrevolutionary. Wadaadka Andrew dembigiisa ma aqoonsana iyo tilmaamo kale ma siin. Waxay ahayd feat dhab ah wadaadnimada, ayuu for rumaysadkiisa taagyeero in Masiixu u dhintay. A weli waxaa canonized Golaha wadaadada waawayn ee Orthodox Church Ruush ee 2000.

Basil Gundyaev

Wuxuu ahaa awoowe ee Ruush Wadaad Kirill iyo sidoo kale mid ka mid ah tusaalooyin badan duwanyihiin Wasaaradda joogo of Church Orthodox ka noqday. Basil ku dhashay January 18, 1907 in jaaket. Wax yar ka dib, qoyskiisa u guureen gobolka Nizhny Novgorod, magaalada Lukyanov. Vasily shaqeeyay ee saldhig tareen makaanik-dareewal. Waxa uu ahaa nin aad u diimeed, in cabsida Ilaah, iyo carruurtooda soo bixiyey. qoyska noolaa aad u yaase. Maalin maalmaha ka mid Patriarh Kirill ayaa noo sheegay in sida ilmo, uu dalbaday in uu awoowe, halkaas oo uu kiis lacagta, iyo sababta aan waxba badbaadi ka hor ama ka dib markii kacaanka. Waxa uu sheegay in lacagta oo dhan u soo diray inuu Mount Athos. Oo markii awowe u ahaa on Mount Athos, ayuu wuxuu goostay inuu hubiyo xaqiiqda, iyo in, in mabda ', ma aha la yaab leh, waxay ahayd run. keniisad waxay leeyihiin Simonometra taariikhda jir ah oo horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad in xuska weligeed ah ee Wadaadka Basil Gundyaeva.

Inta lagu jiro Kacaanka iyo imtixaanada nacabkaa Wadaadka difaacay oo ay Iimaan ugu sii hayo ilaa dhamaadka. Wuxuu qaatay cadaadis iyo xabsi 30 sano, intii lagu jiray waqtigaas qaatay 46 xabsiyada iyo 7 xeryaha. Laakiin sano ee aan jebiyey Basil iimaanka, nin iyo siddeetan sano ah jir ah ayaa ku dhintay 31 October 1969 tuulada gobolka tago-Mordovia. Uu Wadaad Kirill quduusnimo, sida arday at Academy Leningrad ee, ka qayb-galay aaska oo uu awoowe la aabbihiis iyo qaraabada, kuwaas oo sidoo kale noqday wadaaddada.

"Wadaadka-San"

A feature filim aad u xiiso badan duubay filim Ruush ee 2014. Its magaca - "Wadaadka-San." dhagaystayaasha isla markiiba helay su'aalo badan. Wadaadka - waa kuma? Kuwaas oo laga wada hadli doonaa sawirka? Fikradda filimka keentay Ivan Okhlobystin, kuwaas oo mar ku arkay macbudkii dhex wadaaddadii Japanese ah. Dhab ahaantii waxa uu isaga muquurtay fikirka qoto dheer iyo waxbarasho.

Waxaa soo baxday in in Japan ee 1861, inta lagu guda jiro cadaadis ah ajaanibta ka jasiiradaha, at halista ah ee uu noloshiisa, la yimid ergo si ay u faafiyaan Orthodox ah wadaad Nikolai Kasatkin (Japanese). Waxa uu ku qaatay dhowr sano barashada dhaqanka Japan iyo falsafadda inuu turjumo Kitaabka Quduuska ah luqad in. Ka dibna dhowr sano ka dib, ka badan si hufan ee 1868, wadaadkii jidka u Sumarai Takuma Savabe oo doonayay in ay isaga u dilaan waxa uu dadka ku wacdiyo wax shisheeye in Japanese ah. Laakiin wadaadkii ma ku caasiyeyn oo wuxuu ku yidhi: "Sida aad i dili karaa, haddii aadan aqoon waxa?" Markaasuu wax weyddiiyey oo ku saabsan nolosha Masiixa. Iyo xaladii la story wadaadka, Takuma, sida Sumarai Japan, oo wuxuu noqday an Orthodox wadaadka - Aabbaha Paul. Waxa uu maray badan oo baaritaano, badiyay qoyskiisa, alaabtiisii oo noqday aabbihiis Nicholas gacanta midig.

In 1906, Synod Quduuska ah ee reer Nicholas ee Japan kiciyey darajo ee Archbishop. In isla sanadkaas ahaa aasaaskii Kyoto Vicariate ee Church Orthodox ee Japan. Wuxuu on February 16, 1912 ku geeriyooday. Equal-Nicholas ee Japan canonized.

Gebogebadii, waxaan la soco in dadka oo dhan, kaas oo la fuliyaa sida ku cad maqaal, sii iimaanka sida dhimbiil oo ka qabadsiiyay oo warqaddii ku kala bixiyey daafaha dunida, si ay dadku u ogaadaan in uu jiro runta ka badan galku Christian.