Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: Qoraaga "Sherlock Holmes" iyo ma aha oo kaliya

Baare, shaki la'aan waa mid ka mid ah noocyo ugu caansan oo la garan karo suugaanta. Waxa ugu horreeya ee ku soo dhaca maskaxdooda markii Idinku eraygan waad maqli - Baare dilkii arxan darada ahaa ee fiirsashada ama qarsoodiga sir ah. Isla yeeran magacyada reer ilaalada caanka: Miss Marple, Allan Pinkerton, Erkyul Puaro iyo, dabcan, Sherlock Holmes. Magaciisa waxa uu noqday magaca qoyska in ay tilmaamayso qof qaba xirfadaha deductive cajiib ah oo horumarsan a fikir macquul ah. Notes ku saabsan adventures of Baare ay horey u noqday Classics suugaanta, laakiin dad yar oo la ogaado waxa uu ahaa qoraaga Sherlock Holmes - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

Carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka

Dhashay Arthur Conan Doyle (magaca waxaa mararka qaarkood ku qoran yihiin "Doyle" sababta oo ah wareer la Ingiriisi ah) May 22, 1859 ee Edinburgh, Scotland, ina artist ah iyo naqshada. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in wiilka aabbihiis ayaa inta badan cabbay, Arthur helay a waxbarasho aasaasi ah oo wanaagsan, iyo sagaalkii sanno ee uu u soo diray inuu dugsiga hoyga ah fog. Nasiib darro, on markan qoraaga ayaa ku hadhay xusuus aad u xun, cunto karaahiyada ah, ciqaabta jirka, heerka hoose ee waxbaridda.

Laakiin waa in meel xun this qoraaga mustaqbalka "Sherlock Holmes" tayadiisa furay, waayo, qorniinkii. Waa sababta oo ah taasi Arthur Conan Doyle noqday ka mid ah dadka dhiggooda ah oo caan ah. By dhamaadka toddoba sannadood oo waxbarasho ee dugsiga, xitaa wuxuu bilaabay inuu soo saaro ay joornaal gaar ah oo naftaada isku dayaan in versification ah.

laga bilaabo

In 1876, Doyle noqday arday ka mid ah Kuliyadda Caafimaadka ee Jaamacadda of Edinburgh. Study waxaa isagii la siiyey si fudud, waqti sidaas free Nagi suugaanta Arthur. Horeba in uu sannadka saddexaad, wuxuu daabacay sheeko gaaban ee majaladda Scottish ee isla sanadkaas, daabacaadda ee uu article on daawo in muddo ah wax raadayn kara. In 1881 uu helay shahaado caafimaad oo ka soo qoraaga Sherlock Holmes u safray West Africa sida dhakhtar markab ee. Ka hor this, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, oo uu hore u lahaa waayo-aragnimo ah ee safar dheer: duulaan si ay u Arctic ah mid aan waxtar lahayn. Doyle ka safar soo laabtay, waxay bilaabeen in ay ka shaqeeyaan sidii dhakhtar, laba sano doctorate ah ee daawada.

Laakiin ka dambeeya walwal oo dhan, ma uusan iloobin oo ku saabsan hal-abuurka. In 1886, Arthur Conan Doyle noqday kuwa loo yaqaan qoraa tiraab ah. "The Tacaburka ee Sherlock Holmes" - sheekooyinka ugu horeysay oo ku saabsan Baare caanka - muuqday xilliyeedyada.

Fame iyo ... tuuraya?

In 1889, Doyle iyo xaaskiisa iyo gabadhiisa yar oo ka tago UK. dhakhtarkaaga hami uu go'aansado inuu u dhaqaaqo Austria, halkaas oo uu ka bartay markii qaar ka mid ah waxaa ay u tagaan ka daawo guud indhaha, laakiin muddo laba bilood ah ka dib, labada qof in ay London ku soo laabtay. Arthur qaar ka mid waqti si uu u furo xafiis gaar ah, oo isku dayaya inuu isku daro daawo iyo suugaanta, laakiin 1891 gebi ahaanba ka soo galay caalamka oo loo yaqaan "Sherlock Holmes." Author sheekooyin xiiso leh maalin kasta ayaa noqonaya mid aad loo jecel yahay, isagu xaq buu isu oggol yahay si ay u dalbadaan lacag aad u badan, waayo, sheekooyinka, wargeysyada iyo xilliyeedyada way diideen inay bixiyaan lacagta heer sare for fursad ay ku daabacan Doyle. Isla mar ahaantaana, Arthur safri la qoyskiisa oo adduunka ah, ayuu qoray wargayska, ka dhiga jaamacadaha kala duwan. In 1897, uu si UK ku soo laabtay, oo wuxuu gacantiisa isku dayay sida riwaayadaha ah - oo ay dunida oo helay version a masrixiyada ah "Sherlock Holmes."

Bishii December ee 1899 bilaabmaa War Anglo-Boer ah. Iyadoo lagu tuuray taxane ah oo sheekooyin "Sherlock Holmes" by dhakhaatiirta iskaa wax u soo diray inuu hore. Saddex sano ka dib, Arthur Conan Doyle helay horgalaha "Sir" iyo horyaalka ee Knight sidii hawshiisu si Crown ee wakhtiyada adag ee dagaalka. Waayo aragnimadii uu ka muuqata buugga "Boer War Great The."

ka dib

Dagaalka ka dib, Arthur ayaa mar kale ka tageen dhaqanka ee dawada, markan aawadood siyaasadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu xitaa kama adkaan kartaa in doorashooyinka dawladaha hoose, si aad u ugu dhaqsiyaha badan ka tageen fikrad this. In 1906, dhimashada oo uu naagtiisa ka dib, wuxuu guursaday markii labaad, iyo isbahaysi cusub isaga keenaa ma aha oo kaliya carruurta, laakiin sidoo kale dhisato versions masrixiyada of sheekooyinka qaar ka taxanaha "Sherlock Holmes": author of shaqada uu karin inuu gaaro wax soo saarka ee "tape jaho kale", iyo sidoo kale "Brigadier Gerard" iyo "Rodni Stoun" (in kiiska dambe, magaca waxaa lagu badalaa "Golaha Terperli"). Isla muddadaas, waxa lagu daabacay "Hound of Baskervilles ah" - sheeko ku saabsan mid ka mid ah kiisaska ugu caansan ee Baare hanad.

Laakiin dareenka deynta guriga ahaa jabin karin, sidaa daraadeed waxa aan la yaab leh in la dillaacay of dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle mar kale ku biiray madaxda sare ee iskaa wax Army British.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

dagaal cusub oo soo laabtay, author of "Sherlock Holmes" ogaada spiritualism. Aan caadi ahayn iyo, anna waan ku qiran, caqiido naadir ah sidaa awgeed horana Doyle, ee 1922, uu mar kale ka tago Britain oo la tegey qoyskiisa Maraykanka, halkaas oo uu doonayo in uu si dhab ah u qaataan horumarinta spiritism. Ku dhawaad laba sano uu wadada ku qaatay, isku dayayaan in ay xiiso tirada ugu macquulsan ee dadka dibada ku baraya kasta fahmayn, laakiin ee labaataneeyada soo daahay, Arthur Conan Doyle soo laabtay Europe. In 1929, uu u safri ee dalalka waqooyiga Yurub, kaas oo qoray buug uu qoray ee la soo dhaafay, ma la xiriira in ay hore u suurtagashay in ay isaga ku dhiba Sherlock Holmes (qoraaga xitaa hal mar isku dayay inuu dilo isaga, laakiin sababta oo ah cadaadiska dadweynaha ayaa lagu qasbay inuu soo Bixin qof).

, 1930 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle July 7 dhintay. Wuxuu ku jiray '71.

dayda

Gudub sida image ah cad ah oo aan caadi ahayn ee Sherlock Holmes waa ku dhowaad aan macquul ahayn, sidaas darteed inta lagu guda jiro nolosha ee ay qoraaga waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan qorayaasha ee looga hadlayo aragtidooda ee dabeecadda this aan caadi ahayn. Stories ku saabsan qaddar ee Baare qoray iyo ina Artura Konana Doyle, iyo Franklin Roosevelt - mid ka mid ah Madaxweynayaasha ugu caansan Maraykanka.

In ka Sagaashameeyadii ee qarnigii labaatanaad gayiga Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore, waxaa jiray tiro badan oo ah buugaagta, "Sherlock Holmes" taxane ah qorayaasha kale (A. Shaburina V. Petrina, M. Trushina waxaan T. D.), Tilmaamo in sheekooyin cusub laga helay boorso ka mid ah Dr. Watson . Number of dayda hanad Doyle run ahaantii weyn, oo u badan tahay in version kasta oo sheekooyinka ku saabsan Baare hanad ah, waxaa jira wax yaab leh xiiso.