San Marco - cathedral ee Venice. Description, taariikhda iyo xiiso leh xaqiiqooyinka

Italy jiidashada heer sare ah oo aamusnaan markhaati furayaa, oo ku saabsan taariikhda hodanka ah, waa oo xiiso weyn u socotada ah. Jiidasho Venice degan meel gaar ah oo ka mid ah magaalooyinka kale ee dalka, iyo masterpieces ay naqshadda lagu yaqaan adduunka oo dhan.

Taalladaas Qarniyadii Basilica di San Marco

The San Marco qadiimiga ah - cathedral ee Venice, kaas oo si hagaagsan u aqoonsan yahay tiir aad u fiican oo ah farshaxanka Dr Makumbe. dhismaha qurux badan, kuwaas oo u muuqday in qarnigii IX ah, yididiila qalbiga dadka, taasoo keenta iyaga ku garaacday dhaqso hortiisa oo ka mid ah tusaalayaasha dhif ah naqshadaha Byzantine ee Europe ee. Sanadkii 1987, soo jiidashada ayaa lagu daray liiska goobaha UNESCO Heritage World.

Dadka deegaanka oo ka mid ah magaalada iyo marti sharaf shisheeye u bogi cathedral qadiimiga, kibirka oo meel qaadataa in khasnadda dunida shuqullada naqshadda.

Square St. Mark ee Cathedral St. Mark ayaa

Ugu weyn ee diinta jiidashada of Venice waxa uu ku yaalaa Sestiere San Marco, on square ah eponymous dhexe (Piazza San Marco), taas oo ah astaanta u ah magaalada. Inta badan dalxiisayaal ah si dhaqso ah si ay u bartaan taxadiri muhiimsan ee dalka, caanka San Marco in Venice (goobta).

cathedral The, taariikhda ka bilaabanaya dhowr qarniyo, oo muujinaysa awoodda iyo weynaanta of Republic uguurtay ah. Waxaa la qorsheeyey in Basilica waa Mala'igtu ee St. Mark, kuwaas oo in 829 badbaadiyay by baayacmushtariyaasha Talyaani nijaas ee Muslimiinta ah oo uu keenay ee magaalada biyaha ku dul ka Alexandria. Sida Halyeeyga ah, Rasuulka yimid warwareegi jireen riyo malaa'ig, kuwaas oo shaaca ka qaaday in dhimashada ka dib markii uu ka heli doontaa nabad Venice, iyo baayacmushtariyadii qaadeen sida uu u doonayo la soo dhaafay. Marka relic ka yimid magaalada, Rasuulka helay xaaladda uu gargaare.

In 832 yimid version ugu horeysay ee Cathedral, taas oo ah in ka badan 150 sano jir ah ayaa si dhab ah dab burburiyay, laakiin hadhaagii weli aan la saameeyeen. Later Basilica la soo celiyo oo waxaa mar kale ka farxisay parishioners ah. Its muuqaalka dhismaha asalka ahayd halkii ba'an.

Cathedral casriga ah ee San Marco: description, taariikhda, cinwaanka saxda ah

Dhismaha Basilica casriga ah ku sugnaa San Marco, 328, 30124 Venezia, bilaabay in 1063, iyo dhamaadka qarnigii dhismaha la daahiriyeyna waxay. Laakiin qarniyo yar ka badan sii dil macbudka u qurux badan ee San Marco. Cathedral in Venice - jiidashada aan caadi ahayn, maxaa yeelay, una qurxinay ayna farcankii cusub ee Venetians, ku lifaaqan muuqaalka aqoonsi taallo diinta. Sida natiijada, durkiya, waxa uu noqday meel ay ku Xajka dalxiisayaasha, waxaa beddelay matxaf of art of qarniyadii dhexe.

muuqaalka naqshadda ee Basilica ee, dhisay leben, waxaa jira xubno ka mid ah dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee hababka. Marmar of tayo wanaagsan leh Greek Bas-reliefs, caasimadaha Gothic sameeyey cajiib ah galidoonaan hal gabal. Sababo la xiriira tayada gaarka ah ee wax dhisaa ay dunida ku jiro masterpiece sida in la tartami karin ee quruxda iyo waynaanta of San Marco ah.

Cathedral in Venice, hoos taariikhda sida Basilica ee St. Mark, ee qarniyadii dhexe tegey waxaa si rasmi ah aan loo arkaa cathedral ah, ilaa bilowgii qarnigii XIX in xaaladda iska lahaa kaniisadda kaniisadda ee San Pietro di Castello ah.

dunidu waxay noqotay masterpiece ah xarunta nolosha bulshada reer magaalka, waxaa jiray duugta ee geesiyaal, bilow ah Doges iyo xafladaha kale oo muhiim ah halkan in search of tacsida diray dadka deegaanka. Waa buunbuunin lahayn in la yidhaahdo in Cathedral ee St. Mark noqday calaamad u ah diinta iyo bulshada rayidka ah ee magaalada.

Mala'igtu ka yimid wadamada kale ee keenay

decoration raaxo ee Cathedral ee Venice in Piazza San Marco ahaa dhexeeya qarniyo XII iyo XIV. xubno Qurxinta iska leh waqtiyo kala duwan oo ka yimid wadamada kale laga keeno.

Qaabka uu cathedral waa karoos Greek. Oo kuwii ku dhisayna of Venice, dhaqaale ahaan iyo siyaasad ahaan lala Byzantium, ka sayid of boqortooyadiisa awood leh, oo ay ku jiraan dhismaha dhismaha, madaxa loo saaraa taaj shan domes, garabaka iyo siraaddo, aamusa.

Guriyo leben, kaas oo ahaa muuqda ka facings marmar ah, qurxiyey Mala'igtu kala duwan, keenay Venice. Tusaale ahaan, qaar ka mid ah reliefs muujinayay in goobaha ugaarsadaan, ayaa ka dhigay in Empire Byzantine iyo pylons xardhay ka keeneen Suuriya.

Pala d'Oro, waxaa la abuuray qarnigii badh

Adkaade San Marco (Venice Cathedral) waa caan adduunka ee meesha allabariga u gaar ah oo dahab ah oo dhan, waxa uu qiray in ugu qanisan ka mid ah kuwa ka badbaaday. qaybta sare ee element ugu ifka badan ee decoration macbudka geliyo medallions Ghadafi, in cloisonne farsamada. taarikada qaali ah ayaa laga saaray Istanbul iyo waa qiimaha ugu weyn. Qurxiyey dhagaxyo qaali ah, iyo dahab, waxay aqoonsado shaqo dhab ah tahay.

The iconostasis iyo ciborium ah

Chancel Gothic iconostasis gooni uga sameeyey marmar ah casaan mugdiga ka Constantinople ka keeneen macbudka. Uu koraysa cross weyn, iyo labada dhinac ee kala ooday waa 14 Sidaana: 12 rasuulladii, Mary Virgin iyo taalada ah ee Mark Rasuulka.

Waxa kale oo jira dhismo gaar ah oo carshiga ka badan, loo yaqaan "ciborium". isaga oo ka hooseeya Mala'igtu ee St. wareejiyay 30-mada ay qarnigii XIX ka crypt ah, in sarcophagus marmar ah, oo ay taageerayaan afar qaybood alabastar. On kasta oo reliefs kuwan waxaa lagu xardhay oo images of Mary Virgin iyo Ciise Masiix.

crypt ee Basilica ee

In 1094 ee Mala'igtu rasuul la dhigay crypt ah - a qolka dhulka hoostiisa vaulted loogu kaydsado Mala'igtu. 400 sano ka dib waxaa la xiray dadweynaha. Ka dib markii dayrta ee Jamhuuriyadda uguurtay ee crypt adeegga cusub ee bilowday.

At ay xarun lagu wadaa cibaadaysiga, qurxiyey bulukeeti marmar openwork, kaas oo hore loo qabtay ee Mala'igtu ee St. Mark. In 1835 waxay u guureen meesha allabariga ugu weyn ee macbudka. cathedral Kereetee of San Marco in Venice waa oo xiiso gaar ah, sababtoo ah jajabkii ka sii raagayaan faahfaahinta naqshadda saynisyahano ay ugu diraan wakhtigii cathedral ugu horeysay.

Maxaa kale waa in cathedral ah?

dhinaca bidix ee meesha allabariga ee Basilica yahay Madonna, oo isaga ku xigtayna waxaa dhisay Isidor Chapel, kaas oo ku yaala sarcophagus ka kooban hadhaagii weli ah.

garabka midig waa baptistery ah, oo loogu talagalay carruurta yaryar la baabtiiso. derbiyadeeda waxaa lagu qurxiyey marmar iyo booska - darey mahrajaan. In xarunta of qolka dhigay font dhagax dabool naxaas ah, iyo soo socda in ay la qotomiyey Taalladaas Doge Socrates - Andrea Dandolo.

shaqada mahrajaan raaxo

farshaxankiisa Muuse on darbiyada iyo jaceylka uu sabab Xamar. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waxaa la sameeyey qarnigii XIII ah, iyo taariikhaha horrayn back to Qarnigii IX ah.

Halabuurka raaxo abuuray by saanacyadii Talyaani koob iyo dhagax ka shaqeeya. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in fannaaniinta uguurtay ayaa soo bandhigay in farshaxanka mosaics Byzantine, inta badan booqanaya magaalada.

mosaics midabo on darbiyada sheekooyinka Basilica ee nolosha Ciise, noo sheeg oo ku saabsan magaalada kiisii Sokeeye. In xarunta of wadini ah waxa uu ku yaalaa Halabuurka "loosoo Masiixa", iyo meelaheedii dednaaba - dhacdooyin ka Axdiga Cusub.

Ka keeneen marmar Constantinople

Beauty of mosaics ku saabsan derbiyada mucjisooyin weheliso ornamentation hodanka ah ee dabiiciga ah sameeyey marmar ah bulukeeti dabaqa.

Waa inaan sheegaa in dhagaxan ku decoration ee cathedral u muuqday oo kaliya in qarnigii XIII ah. saliibiyiinta fiirsato tiirar marmar ah steel afaraad ka macbudyo Istanbul. oo kuwii ku dhisayna loo isticmaalo wax cusub, taasoo keentay in quruxda weyn waxaa cathedral hore ee St. Mark in Venice.

Cathedral San Marco la odhan karaa uguurtay dhabta museum iyo farshaxanka Byzantine, taas oo ka kooban artis qiimo.

quadrigue taariikhda

Kor galo si Basilica waa caanka ah ee afarta fardo tartanka, taas oo waxaa lagu tuuray naxaas sculptors Greek ee BC qarnigii IV ah. Quadriga ugu horeysay u adeegay sidii decoration ah xafiiltamaan a triumphal ee Rome, dhowr qarniyo ka dib, ayay Ymer at hippodrome iridda ee Constantinople ah.

In XIII qarnigii uguurtay Doge Enrico Dandolo, dalka ay ka soo baxdo dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale, ayaa lagu qabtay caasimadda ah ee Empire Byzantine ah, iyo sidoo kale wax koob ah soo bixiyey farshaxan ah, taasi oo markii dambe ahayd, on amarka Napoleon, oo waxaa loo diray in Paris, halkaas waxaa taagnaa qiyaastii 18 sano on du Place ee Carrousel. Ka dib guuldaradii ka mid ah ciidankii reer Bonaparte Quadriga soo laabtay Venice, iyo go'aanka maamulka tara oo kor weyn ee laga galo Basilica ee. SOFHURA, farshaxan leh sheeko la yaab leh oo laga duubay ku dhuumaalaysanaya hoyga.

fardo Maanta naxaas ah cathedral ee San Marco in Venice ku yaalaan Basilica ee matxafka iyo taallo naqshadda waxaa madaxa loo saaraa taaj qurux badan nuqul toogasho ah kaas oo u muuqday in ay 70s ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay.

Atrium

Iyada oo albaabka weyn, martida galaan Atrium ah, kuwaas oo ay derbiyo ku wareegsan yihiin qurxiyey marmar iyo mosaics, si qoto dheer u bogi artist ah Surikov. Farshaxankiisa qisoon dhacdooyinkii Axdiga Hore, iyo maalin kasta oo uunka Ilaah nabadda calaamadeeyay malaa'igtii baraf cad. Halkan waxaa ku sharraxay dogaressy xabaashii dhagax shalash (xaaskiisa of Doge ah) Felicity Mikiel.

Taabta ururinta khasnadaha soo jiidasho Venice iyo aad u hesho barakada St. Mark waa mid aad u fudud ayaa maanta - oo kaliya in ay ku ekaadaan xoogga Rasuulka Cathedral ah, taas oo ah qoraal taxane-taariikheed ka mid ah taariikhda diinta iyo sokeeye tagaan.

Ka hor inta martida Basilica bandhigaysaa Biography gaar ah magaalada ugu aan caadi ahayn biyaha on, kuwaas oo muddo dhowr qarniyo soo jiidata safra maxfalka ka qaybaha kala duwan ee dhulkeenna.