Sababaha duulaankii ciidamada Maraykanka ee Ciraaq. Chronicle oo ka mid ah hawlgallada ciidamada Mareykanka, khasaaraha ee Ciraaq

Dagaalka Ciraaq waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah colaadaha waaweyn ee hubaysan ee qarnigii hore XXI. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhiran iyo Dhabahaan buu dagaalka inta badan sii qarsoodiga ah. Aynu isku day in aad ka rogaan tangle ah ee dhacdooyinka kuwa. Sidaas, aad u ogaato waxa ay ahayd sababta duulaanka Mareykanka ee Ciraaq iyo sida howlgalkan militari ka dhacay.

prehistory

Si ay u bilaabaan wax yar quusto ah prehistory ee colaadda.

Saddam Hussein noqday madaxweynaha Ciraaq sanadkii 1979, inkastoo dhab ahaantii ku urursan gacmahooda maamulka dalka muddo dheer ka hor thread this. awoodaha ay ahaayeen talisnimo loo siman yahay. arrin muhiim No dalka aan lagu xallin karo oo aan wax ogolaansho ah Madaxweynaha. Ka dhanka ah mucaaradka oo aad caasiyowdaan kurdi ah xilliyo Hussein jireen cadaadis iyo jir-dil, waxa xitaa uu si cad u qirtay. Intaa waxaa dheer, Ciraaq bilaabeen inay yeeshaan nidaam ay shaqsiyadiisa Hussein.

Horeba 1980, ciidamada Ciraaq bilaabeen duulaankii ee gobolka Iran ee Khuzestan, siibay, si ay dagaal Iran-Iraq. Waxaa xusid mudan in dagaalka this, labada Maraykanka iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti taageeray Hussein. Laakiin ugu danbeyn dagaalka dhamaaday 1988, waxba, maxaa yeelay, sida ay xaaladda heshiiskii nabadda, labada dal ayaa la hayo status quo.

quudhin New Saddam Hussein bilaabay sanadkii 1990, markii duulaankii ee Kuwait iyo waxa LABAGEEDI sidii gobol ka mid ah Ciraaq. Wakhtigan, labada Maraykanka iyo USSR ah u cambaareeyey falalka madaxweynaha Ciraaq. Waxaa intaa dheer, Maraykanka, oo taageero ka ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa sameeyay isbahaysi ciidamada caalamiga ah in ay ka soo horjeeda Hussein. Sayidka bilaabay dagaal ugu horeysay ee Ciraaq, ama sida waxa loo yaqaan kala duwan, War Khaliijka. Xulafo ah maalmood ee ugu horreeya iska hor imaad ku lahaa faa'iido la taaban karo, maxaa yeelay, si aad u dalbato duulista casriga ah.

Waxa uu ahaa howlgal qurux badan oo ka mid ah sokeeye Mareykanka. Khasaaraha ee Ciraaq ciidamada isbahaysiga ay ahaayeen wax ka yar 500 oo qof, halka tirada dadka ku dhintay ciidanka Ciraaq ayaa gaadhay tobanaan kun. In dhamaadka, Xuseen ayaa adkaaday, ayaa lagu qasbay in la xoreeyo Kuwait, si weyn u yareeyo ciidanka. Waxaa intaa dheer, ee dalka ayaa ku soo rogeen qaar ka mid ah cunaqabataynta kale in ay leeyihiin lahaa inay ku buriyaan ciidamada qalabka sida ee Ciraaq.

Shiidaa oo dhan oo ka mid ah 90-mada ay qarnigii XX, iska hor imaad u dhexeeya qarsoon Ciraaq iyo Mareykanka ayaa koray. Americans si joogto ah oo lagu eedeeyay Hussein in isticmaalka cadaadiska ka dhanka ah mucaaradka, sidoo kale ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen hub mamnuuc. Gaar ahaan xaaladda sii xumaatay ka dib markii Hussein 1998, eryey kormeerayaasha Qaramada Midoobay, kuwaas oo ay ahayd in la hubiyo in Ciraaq aysan muuqan hubka burburka culus geysta. Duniduna waxay on qarka u dagaal cusub oo istaagay.

Background iyo sababaha dagaalka waayo,

Haddaba eegno dhow, waxa sabab u ahaa duulaanka Mareykanka ee Ciraaq.

Sababta ugu weyn ee loogu talagalay duulaankii Maraykanka ee Ciraaq waxay ahayd inay damacsan Mareykan ah si loo hubiyo in ay Lagaga ee gobolka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilaa xad badan tahay, in wareegyada xukunka ka cabsaday haddii Hussein dhab horumarinta hubka burburka culus geysta, taas oo ay ka mid yihiin hanuunin kartid Maraykanka, inkastoo ay wax caddayn dhabta ah ee this. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar ka mid ah khubarada ee liiska sababaha suuragal ah in Maraykanka bilaabay howlgallada kadhanka ah Ciraaq, sidoo kale loo yaqaan nacayb shakhsi ahaaneed ee Madaxweynaha Maraykanka George W. Bush in Saddam Hussein.

andacoonaya rasmi ah duulaankii noqday muujiyeen in February 2003, Xoghayaha Arrimaha Dibadda Mareykanka State Colin Powell u caddayn Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay ee Ciraaq horumarinta hubka burburka culus geysta. Sida ka leexatay, ugu of caddayn ee la soo Dhoodhoobeen.

jiidashada xulafadooda

Maraykanka ayaa ku guuldareystay inuu oggolaansho Golaha Amaanka in ay isticmaalaan xoog Ciraaq. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wareegyada xukun American ayaa u Halmaamay oo bilaabay diyaarinta duulaankii.

Waxay sidoo kale ka codsaday gargaar ka xulufadiisu ay NATO. Laakiin France iyo Germany ayaa diiday in ay taageeraan duulaanka Mareykanka ee Ciraaq oo aan cunaqabataynta QM. Laakiin Great Britain, Poland iyo Australia ayaa muujiyay inay doonayaan inay taageeraan ciidamada militariga Mareykanka.

Ka dib markii la afgembiyey taliskii Hussein si isbahaysiga biiray wadamada kale: Italy, Netherlands, Ukraine, Spain, Georgia. ciidan u gaar ah ka qayb qaatay dagaalkii ka dhacay Turkey 2007-2008.

Tirada guud ee ciidamada oo ka mid ah ciidamada isbahaysiga caalamiga ah 309 kun oo ahayd. Dadka, kuwaas oo 250 000 ahaayeen askarta Mareykanka.

Bilowgii duulaankii

hawlgalka US military ee Ciraaq bilaabay March 20, 2003. Marka la barbardhigo ah "Desert Storm", markan isbahaysiga sameeyay howlgal dhul baaxad weyn oo ah. Xitaa diidmada Turkiga si ay u siiyaan dhulkeeda weerarka ah ma looga hortago. US oo ka Kuwait duulay Ciraaq. Ciidamada Isbaheysiga ee April, iyadoo aan dagaal, qabsadeen Ciraaq. ciidanka cirka ee Ciraaq waqti isku mid ah si ay u muujiyaan weeraro cadowga dhab ahaantii ku lug ma ahaa. Wejiga firfircoon ee weerar la soo dhameeyay ka dib markii qabashada magaalada Tikrit dhexe ee isla bishaas.

Sidaas darteed, goobaha muhiimka ah ee ugu weyn ee Ciraaq dhamaadka hawlgalka weerar ay gacanta ku isbahaysiga uu hogaamiyo Mareykanka. Khasaaraha in ciidamada Ciraaq huwanta muddadaas waxa ay 172 askari oo lagu dilay iyo 1621 - ku dhaawacmeen. Ciidamada qalabka sida Ciraaq inta lagu guda jiro sokeeye weerar laga badiyay ku dhawaad 10,000 oo qof lagu dilay. Yar wax ka yar ahaayeen dad rayid ah.

In Wajiga koowaad ee dagaalka, ciidamada Maraykanka ee Ciraaq, guul u badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd ma aha oo kaliya in ay qabsadaan dhulka, laakiin sidoo kale ay awoodaan si ay u dhawraan ilaa in Ciraaq ma noqon doonto daacad Americans sameeyay dawlad in awoodo inuu dhawro xaaladda dalka gacanta ku noqon doonaa.

Koorsada dheeraad ah oo dagaalka

Ka dib guuldaradii ka mid ah ciidamada dowladda bilaabay in uu abaabulo dhaqdhaqaaq dhuumaalaysiga ah ee dalka. Waxay isu keenay ma aha oo kaliya ciidamada daacadda u ah Xuseen, laakiin sidoo kale wakiillo ka socda kooxaha kala duwan ee Islaamiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa u dhow "Al-Qaacida". guuto dhexdhexaad inta badan dadku ku urursan ee loo yaqaan "Saddex Xagalka Sunni ah", oo ku yaalla waqooyi-galbeed ee caasimada Ciraaq.

Groups jabhada halaagnay weeraro kaabayaasha qaadeen, weeraray cutubyo shaqsi isbahaysiga keentay USA. Khasaaraha in ciidamada Ciraaq huwanta muddadaas kor u kacay. Inta badan oo ka mid ah kuwii dhintay iyo kuwii ku dhaawacmay ay ahaayeen askartii casilay qalabka qaraxa la macmalo.

Dhanka kale, dhamaadka 2003 in tuulo ku taala maxbuus Ciraaq ayaa lagu qabtay Saddam Hussein. Sarraysayna waxaa sameeyay maxkamadda ee xukunka oo kaligii taliye hore waxaa fagaare toogasho ah sanadkii 2006.

dagaal sokeeye

Dhanka kale, sanadkii 2005, Ciraaq ugu dambeyntii qabtay doorashooyinka. Doorashada ka dib Shiites in ay awood u yimid. Tani waxay sababtay in la kordhiyo dibad dadka Sunni, kaas oo ugu dhakhsaha badan koray galay ugub ah oo lagu tilmaami karo dagaal sokeeye.

Intaa waxaa dheer, holaca shubay dambiyo kala duwan oo ay askar shaqsi ciidamada Mareykanka ama unugyada xataa dhan Army Maraykanka. Khasaaraha sida ciidamada iyo dadka rayidka ah, wadar ahaan ka badan ee Ciraaq koray oo dagaalka sokeeye ka qarxay xoog cusboonaaday.

Tani waxay sababtay carada ma aha oo kaliya in Ciraaq, laakiin sidoo kale gudahood bulshada American. Muwaadiniin badan US bilaabay inay is barbar dhigaan hawlgalka daba Ciraaq la dagaalkii Vietnam. khasaaraha sii kordheysa ee ciidamada Maraykanka ee Ciraaq ayaa keentay in xaqiiqda ah in Jamhuuriga ah ayaa ku guuldareysatay in doorashooyinka Kongareeska, laga badiyay inta badan labada qolalka.

Xoojinta ururada Islaamiga ah

Dhanka kale, haddii iska caabin ah u horeeya shaqo ee Ciraaq, ciidamada isbahaysiga ahaa nooca diimeed badan ama ka yar dhexdhexaad, by 2008 at madaxa dhaqdhaqaaqa dhuumaalaysiga ah ay ahaayeen ururada Islaamiyiinta oo kala duwan, inta badan ee dabeecadda argagixiso.

More isla markiiba ka dib duulaankii Maraykanka ee Ciraaq si ay dhulka ee dalka lagu wareejiyay waxqabad ee urur argagixiso "DHUFEYSKA MUSLINKA iyo Jihad" hogaaminayo Zarqawi. markii qaar ka mid ah agagaarka cell Taas ka dib u dhexeeysa ugu ururada kale ee Islaamiga ah ee Ciraaq. In 2004, oo amiir u ahaa "DHUFEYSKA MUSLINKA iyo Jihad" dhaar daacada qaaday in Osama bin Laden, iyo ururka waxaa magacooda loo baxshay "Al-Qaacida ee Ciraaq."

Sannadkii 2006, al-Zarqawi ayaa lagu dilay qarax a by diyaaradaha Maraykanka. Laakiin ka hor inta uu dhintay, wuxuu xataa ka badan kooxaha Islaamiyiinta midaysan ee Ciraaq. At initiative ee Al-Zarqawi waxaa la abuuray Golaha Shuurada Mujaahidiinta, marka laga reebo "DHUFEYSKA MUSLINKA iyo Jihad", kaas oo ka mid ah tiro ka mid ah ururada kale. dhimashada al-Zarqawi Ka dib, in isla sanadkii 2006, waxaa lagu habayn sida State Islaamiga ah ee Ciraaq (ISI). Oo waxaa lagu sameeyey si aan ogolaansho ka mid ah hoggaanka dhexe ee "Al-Qaacida". Waxa uu ahaa urur this mustaqbalka, ka dib markii faafidda saamaynta ay qayb ka mid ah Suuriya, ayaa u gudbay LIH ka dibna Dawladda Islaamiga ah.

Sida kor ku xusan, inta lagu guda jiro raadinta oo ka mid ah ciidamada shaqo Mareykanka ee Islaamiyiinta Ciraaq helay ciidanka ugu weyn ee 2008. Waxay gacanta ku hayaan magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn ee Ciraaq - Mosul, oo ay magaalada ahayd Baquba.

Dhameystirka hawlgalka Mareykanka ee Ciraaq

khasaaraha Luudh Mareykanka ee Ciraaq muddo 10 sano ah, intii lagu jiray waqtigaas dagaalka socday, iyo xasilinta qaraabo ah xaaladda ka jirta dalka inaga dhigay fekero suuragalnimada in bixitaankii ciidamada caalamiga ah ee ka territory ee gobolka.

In 2010, Barack Madaxweynaha cusub Mareykanka Obama saxiixay amar ku saabsan bixitaanka ciidamada waaweyn ee Mareykanka ka soo Ciraaq. Sayidka, 200 oo kun oo qof ayaa ku riday sannaddaas. The haray 50 kun oo ciidamada milatariga ay ahayd si ay u caawiyaan dowladda Ciraaq cusub si loo xakameeyo xaaladda ka jirta dalka. Laakiin sidoo kale, waxay ahaayeen kuwa gaaban ee Ciraaq. Bishii December 2011, iyadoo dalka ay ka harsan tahay 50 kun oo askari ayaa la noqday. In Ciraaq, waxa wali kaliya 200-taliyeyaasha ciidamada, oo matalayay Maraykanka.

Sayidka, December 15, 2011 dagaalka Ciraaq Mareykanka si rasmi ah dhammaaday.

Loss of Army US

Haddaba aynu u ogaato sida ciidamada badan ee Maraykanka laga badiyay shaqaale iyo qalab military intii uu socday hawlgalku in Ciraaq, kaas oo socday ku dhawaad toban sano.

Ciidamada isbahaysiga caalamiga ah ayaa laga badiyay wadar ahaan 4804 oo nin oo la dilay, kuwaas oo 4423 ay ahaayeen ciidamada Mareykanka. Intaa waxaa dheer, 31.942 oo Maraykan ah ayaa ku dhaawacmay degrees darraanta kala duwan. tirakoobka waxaa ka mid ah labada darrooyinkii millatari iyo non-dagaal.

Wixii la barbardhigo, inta lagu guda jiro dagaalka, ciidan si joogta ah Saddam Hussein ayaa laga badiyay tobanaan kun oo askari ayaa la dilay. Tirinta khasaaraha of dhuumaalaysiga kala duwan, argagixisada iyo ururada kale in la dirirayaan isbahaysiga, si ay u fuliyaan wax aan macquul aheyn.

Hadda waxaan xisaabiyo khasaaraha of technology Mareykanka ee Ciraaq. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka Maraykanka laga badiyay 80 daydo taangiyada "Abrams". khasaaraha diyaaradaha Maraykanka ee Ciraaq ayaa sidoo kale muhiim ah. 20 diyaaradaha Mareykanka ayaa la toogtay hoos. Inta badan saameeyeen brand mashiinada F-16 iyo F / A-18. Intaa waxaa dheer, 86 helicopters ee Maraykanka ayaa la toogtay hoos.

Xaaladda ka dib bixitaankii ciidamada Maraykanka

Ka dib bixitaankii ciidamada Maraykanka ee Ciraaq, xaaladda ayaa ka daraysa. Waxay kiciyey madaxooda, ururo badan oo xag jirka iyo argagixisada. The ugu saameynta badan oo ka mid ah ahaa isutagga ee LIH, taas oo ka dibna ay magaceeda u "Islamic State" bedelay, isagoo sheegay in ay sharci ee dunida Muslimka. Waxay dhigay gacanta ugu meelaha waaweyn ee Ciraaq, iyo ka dib bilowgii dagaalkii sokeeye ee Suuriya kordhiyay saamaynta ay gobolka.

Activity LIH ismaandhaafka walaac ah ee dalal badan oo adduunka ah. Against this isbahaysi cusub oo ka mid ah ururada hogaaminayo Mareykanka ayaa waxaa la aasaasay. Si ay ugu biiraan dagaalka ka dhanka ah argagixisada iyo Russia, taas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si madaxbanaan u shaqeeya. peculiarity ee hawlgalka this been in xaqiiqda ah in xulafada fuliyay weerar cirka ah oo kaliya ee Suuriya iyo Ciraaq, laakiin ma door biday in ay faragelin jidhadhka dhulka. Iyada oo falalka territory huwanta ay gacanta ciidamada ee gobolka Islamic, waxa uu si weyn hoos u dhacay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ururka sii wadaan in ay khatar weyn ku tahay dunida.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira ciidamo kale oo badan oo ka soo horjeeda, khilaaf u dhaxeeya oo ha duniduna ma ay siin dhaca Ciraaq .. Sunniyiin, Shiites, kurdi ah, iwm Sayidka, ciidamada Maraykanka aadan suurtagashay in ay siiyaan nabad ah oo deggan gobolka. Iyagu waxay ka tageen oo ma samaynayso mid ka mid ah hawlaha ugu muhiimsan.

Muhiimadda iyo cawaaqibka duulaanka Mareykanka ee Ciraaq

About qiil duulaankii ciidamada isbahaysiga ee Ciraaq, waxaa jira fikrado badan oo is khilaafsan. Laakiin khubarada badankooda isku raaceen in ay dagaalka ka dib Ciraaq gobolka ayaa wax badan ka sii darta noqday, iyo shuruudaha ee xasilinta xaaladda weli. Waxaa intaa dheer, tirooyin badan oo siyaasadeed oo caan ah kuwaas oo ka qayb qaatay go'aanka ah in uu weeraro Ciraaq, ayaa sheegay in dagaalka ka dhanka ah Xuseen uu ahaa qalad. Gaar ahaan, waxa uu sheegay in madaxa Guddiga madax banaan oo Wax soo baara, ku xigeenka Wasiirkii hore ee Great Britain John Chilcot Arrimaha Gudaha.

Dabcan, Saddam Hussein wuxuu ahaa kaligii taliye ah oo la mid ah kuwaas oo cadaadis mucaaradka iyo sida loo isticmaalo cadaadis. Waxa uu sidoo kale si joogta ah sameeyay talaabo military dagaal ka dhan ah dalalka kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khubarada badankooda ku soo gabagabeeyey in hubka laga heli karaa Hussein at bilowgii qarnigii XXI waxaa mar dambe loo ogol yahay inuu u soo hawlgallada mileteri ah oo baaxad weyn, sida laga arday guuldaradii yara deg deg ah oo ka mid ah ciidamada isbahaysiga ciidanka joogto ah Ciraaq.

Oo taliskii Xuseen, khubaro badan aqoonsado yar laba waxyaalood oo shar, marka la barbar dhigo fowdo ah in uu noqday adkaan ee gobolka ka dib markii uu la afgembiyey, iyo halista sii kordhaysa ka Dawladda Islaamiga ah.