Rod iyo bulshooyinka

Rod iyo bulshada

bulshada heer hoose kumanaan sano ahaa kooxo aad u yar. Community (group) on archanthropines stage in muddada Neolithic uusan ka badnaan tirada 20 ilaa 30 qof. macluumaad, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa laga heli karaa, ficil aadan tusin dhismeedka gudaha oo ka mid ah kooxaha iyo xidhiidhkooda. ethnologists oo keliya, logu nolosha bulshooyinka heer hoose ee jeer casriga ah, daadiyaan iftiin on arrintan ..
Rod - mid ka mid ah oo weyn oo soo bilowday bulshada heer hoose ah. Xitaa qarnigii XIX ah. ah Aqoonyahannada first to doorka this ifafaale waxaa ogaaday oo waxaan siiyey sharaxaad cilmiyaysan for Mr. L. Morgan. Sida laga soo xigtay inuu qeexidda, taas oo inta badan xajisto miraheeda iyo haatan, tartanka - koox dad ah oo keentay in ay soo jeeda ka awoowe caadi ah (dhab ah ama awaalka) on mid ka mid ah laba xadhig - ragga (ka aabbihiis soo jeediyo carruurta) ama dumar (hooyo ee carruurta); . Caan ku panulirus ah - exogamy, ie, mamnuucidda in ay guursadaan xubnaha ka ah dhala u gaar ah; dhammaan xubnaha panulirus waxaa waajib ku ah in kasta oo kale oo adag si ay ugu aargudaan geeri ama dhaawac ah qaraabadooda caawin, keena dadka ka genera kale; xubno ka mid ah panulirus ay ka midaysan yihiin sida nidaam diimeed, shayga ugu muhiimsan ee Caabuda, taas oo inta badan u dhaqmo awoowe caadi ah; awoowe inta badan noqdo calaamad Reebay midnimada qabiilka (totem), magaca, kuwaas oo xubno isugu yeedhaan nooca (-Iroquois Indians - "Dadka gorgor", "dadka qoolleydana," iwm ...). Mid ka mid ah sifooyinka urur qabaa'ilka - tartanka buuxa marnaba noolaan karaan ay isku koox. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in sida caadadii gabdhaha iyo wiilasha exogamy noocee ah lagu qasbay in ay guursadaan xubnaha nooc ka soo horjeeda. Haddii panulirus virilokalen ah (laba guursaday degtaa in aroos kooxda a), ka dibna kooxda noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo baahan yahay in ay degan yihiin naagood oo nin oo nooc kale timid, iyo walaalahaa, iyo xataa gabdhaha reer ragga ahu taga kooxaha kale. Marka uksorilokalen tartanka (laba guursaday degtaa kooxda aroosadda ee) ah, on lid ku ah, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ka dib markii guurka waxaa ka tago kooxda, halkaas oo ay rodilis.Vse waxaa qabsadey muhiimadda gaar ah arrin nolosha heer hoose ah, sida bulshada, t. E. kooxda A dadka midoobeen ma aha oo kaliya xiriirka qabiil, laakiin sidoo kale dhulka deggan, iyo xiriirka guur.
Beesha ekaan kooxda wax soo saarka, kuwaas oo xubno ka tirsan wada shaqeeyaan oo ha baabbi'iyo wax soo saarka ee ay shaqada ku saleysan mabda'a sinnaanta, eegeyn xiriir qabiil. bulshada ka tirsan panulirus muhiimka ah ee cibaadada gudahood (shisheeyaha, waxa uu inta badan looma oggola), oo isku xigta odayaashii ama xaaladda hogaamiyaha. isgaarsiinta guud mar walba laga gudbo bulshada.
Ka tirsan panulirus ku maternally caadiga ah ee prehistory hore wajiga. Sidaas waxa la filayay ilaa xad dhawaan, oo waxay la xiriirtay doorka adag Zaman this haweenka ee bulshada ( "matriarchy" awood hooyada) macluumaad .Etnologicheskie ku saabsan dadyowga heer hoose ah oo dhan qaaradood Dhulka ma taageeri this view, iyo Waxyaalaha Qadiimiga ah, by ay dabiiciga ah, ma awoodid siin caddayn toos ah Calaamooyinkiisa sax ama oshibochnosti.Otmechennye ay isir iyo nooca ay isku dhafan oo beesha kaliya mabaadi'da guud oo ka soo jeeda wax ka ballaaran ethnological. In sayniska dhab ogaan kala duwan weyn ee noocyada kala duwan ee la wadaago-qabiil organizatsii.Razlichiya u dhexeeya noocyada kala duwan ee jeer by marxaladaha: waxaa jira dad taagnaa in marxaladda dhalmada, taas oo beesha, oo ay ku jirto in aan ka badnayn 15 qof, ku xiran by xiriirka fudud ehelnimo (bulshada consanguine) oo aan la takooro kasta mid ka mid ah line ka soo jeedo. Waxaa sida caadiga ah waa ugaarsadaha heer hoose iyo ururiya, oo ku nool xaaladaha adag ee willing to kulaylaha (nambikvara Amazon, saaraayo ee jasiiradda Sumatra, iyo D. sidaas on.). Yaqaan in ay dadka, bulshada, taas oo ah mid ka mid noocee ah (Papuans), halka qabiilooyinka sare (Hindida ee North .Ameriki, Melanesians) bulshada inta badan waxay ka kooban tahay dhowr kooxood oo u dhiganta generic (bulshada Nuurre Aw).

Waayo, meelo badan oo ka mid ah jasiiradda of New Guinea, Papuans ku nool yihiin, lagu gartaa bulshada qabiil, kuwaas oo tiro dhif ka badan 100 qof. In bulshada noocan oo kale ah, aad had iyo jeer ka heli kartaa saddex qaybood oo waaweyn oo ah dadka: 1) nin oo ka mid ah nooca * dhismaha muhimka ah ee bulshada si ay si gooni gooni ah ku nool yihiin dadka kale ee, gaar ahaan guriga dad, 2) hooyooyin, iyo naagahoodaba, oo ku nool buulasha qoyska uu carruurta ay ka; oo wakiil ka ah genera kale oo u yimid ee la xidhiidha guurka oo ka mid ah meelaha kale; 3) walaalahaa, iyo gabdhihii dadka, kuwaas oo degan meel gaar ah, sida si degdeg ah ama goor dambe la iska guur siin doonaa iyo ka tago degsiimooyinka. bulshada Lab fuliya hawlaha ugu foosha-degdegga ah xaalufinta by beero dalagyada kulaylaha: macaan, Taro, baradho macaan. kooxaha midaysan yihiin miyir qabiil, nidaam diinta caadi ah. Waxaas oo dhan waxa uu kala soo maratay u dhaxaysa ragga iyo dumarka (meelaha qaarkood ay xitaa ku hadlaan luqado kala duwan).
bulshada qabiil Papuan, dhab ahaantii, waa quruun gaar ah la af u gaar ah oo ay, caadooyinka iyo dhaqanka. Inta badan magaca dadka, bulshada tarjumayaa "waxaan dadka", kaas oo ku muujinayaa aaminsan in kooxaha la midka ku xiga, oo ay ku jiraan iyo naagahoodii, ma ihidin.