Road Silk Cusub: wadada, nidaamka, rimayga

Labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ee koboc dhaqaale oo degdeg ah ee Shiinaha ayaa u beddelay awood ah. Iyada oo agaa of hoggaanka cusub ee uu hogaaminayo Xi Jinping, Shiinaha joojiyay qarinaya hankeeda siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda. Mashruucu wuxuu ku abuuridda of Road Cusub Silk - waa in la sii wado macquul ah siyaasadda ee Shiinaha sannadihii la soo dhaafay. Tallaabooyinka koowaad ee xaqiijinta riyooyin ayaa horay loo qaaday: siin ilaha dhaqaalaha, heshiisyada shaqaysay dalalka muhiimka ah. Qorshuhu wuxuu leeyahay dhowr cadaawayaashooda ka mid ah awoodaha waaweyn ee dunida. Fuliyo mashruuca, Shiinaha go'aan ka gaari doona ma aha oo kaliya tirada dhibaatooyinka gudaha, laakiin sidoo kale saameyn ku yeelan sawirka caalamka dhaqaale ee dunida. Sidee doono Silk Road Cusub?

qorshaha grand

dheer ma si ka hor, Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Wang Yi ayaa lagu qeexay fikradda guud ee siyaasadda Shiinaha ee ajnabiga ah ee "One Belt - mid ka mid riyo", sida uu sheegay oo dhismaha qorshaysan ee Silk Road Cusub Asia ka Europe. Horraantii 2014, madaxa Shiinaha Xi Jinping soo bandhigay qorshe la abuuro of Road Silk ah. Mashruuca ayaa la filayaa in ay curiyaan weyn aag hal dhaqaale, oo ka kooban kaabayaasha wadamo badan. New Silk Road dhex maro Central Asia, Russia, Belarus, Europe. wadada Sea sii wadi doonaa in reer Faaris Khaliijka, Badda Mediterranean-ka iyo Badweynta Hindiya. Waxaan fursad u la wadooyinka oo ka mid ah dalalka Afrika.

Shiinaha waxaa laga sugayaa inay maalgashadaan mashruuca ka badan 40 bilyan oo doolar ka fund gaar ah. $ 50 bilyan oo horay loo qoondeeyay Baanka Horumarinta Aasiya. Lacagta ayaa lagu maal-doono dhismaha waddooyinka tareennada, dekadaha iyo goobaha kale, horumarinta xiriirka ka dhexeeya dalalka ka qayb. Resource Wantchinatimes ammaanay maalgelinta guud ee Shiinaha ee 22 trillion.

Isku dayo inaan soo nooleeyo Road Silk ayaa loo qaaday Europe iyo Maraykanka. Shiinaha codsaday fikrad this in ugu yaraan, laakiin wax badan oo ka badan sameeyo si ay u hirgeliyaan. Thanks to habka dhaqaale xoog leh iyo "gardarada dhaqaale jilicsan" awoodaan si ay u sameeyaan gaadiidka ammaan ah, waxay noqon doontaa in la isticmaalo by dalal badan. Maanta, Shiinaha si firfircoon hadlayaan mashaariicda dhismaha kaabayaasha waddamada ka qayb. nidaamka More gaar ah Silk Road ee cusub, iyo natiijada ka soo baxday wada xaajoodka muddada dheer lagu dhawaaqi doonaa dabayaaqadii March at Forum Boao ah (gobolka Chinese koonfureed ee Hainan).

Fikradda ah Road Silk ah

Maanta, Shiinaha siisa suuqa dunida ka mid ah mashiinada, qalabka, korontada iyo alaabta teknoolojiyad sare. khadadka-xawaaraha sare oo dherer ah (16 000 km), dalka kaalinta koowaad ee dunida. Silk Road qadiimiga ahaa waddada gaadiidka Chinese ah oo kaliya. Maanta Shiinaha ku dhawaaqay aasaaska ah aagga dhaqaalaha caalamiga ah.

Barnaamijkan ayaa ah in ay midoobaan ah "aaga dhaqaalaha" iyo «XXI Century Maritime Silk Road" waxaa lagu fuliyaa qaabka guud ee "One Belt - barnaamijka ka mid ah habka". Fikradda ah Road Cusub Silk waa hirgelinta qorshaha iyadoo la kaashanayo shan waxyaallood oo wada xiriira:

• kaabayaasha umad kaliya,
• joogtona siyaasadeed;
• qulqulka lacageed iyo mid dhaqaale,
• xiriirka ganacsi;
• isgaarsiinta bani'aadamnimada.

Iyadoo ku saleysan, oo uusan u dhaqaaqin iskaashi buuxa, kor loogu qaado is aaminaad u dhexeeya dalalka si loo horumariyo-dhexgalka dhaqaale iyo dulqaad dhaqanka. Fulinta mashruuca oo dhan waxaa loo qorsheeyay on saddex duulimaad:

• "Shiinaha - Central Asia - Russia - Europe".
• "Shiinaha - badhtamaha iyo galbeedka Aasiya".
• "Shiinaha - Southeast Asia - South Asia".

New Road Silk. wadada

miisaanka ee mashruuca waa mid cajiib ah ma aha oo kaliya marka la eego maal, ee weliba mawqifka ee juqraafiga. The "Jidka" oo dhan waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba marinnada (by Barriga iyo Badda). Land bilaabmaa Xi'an (Gobolka Shaanxi), dhex marayay oo dhan Shiinaha, waa in magaalada Urumqi, iskutallaabtiisana yihiin dalalka of Central Asia, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey. Dheeraad ah, iyada oo Bosphoru in ay ku sugan Bariga Yurub, ee Russia. New Silk Road, wadada taas oo dalal badan oo Yurub dhex mari doonaa wadi ka Rotterdam in Italy.

Ma aha jidka badda yar wayn bilaabmaa magaalada Quanzhou (Brefatuuradu Fuztsyan), waxa uu noqon waa in iyada oo loo marayo magaalada weyn koonfurta, iyada oo Strait Malacca ah, oo soo socda inuu Kuala Lumpur. Gudbaya Badweynta Hindiya, waa la joojiyay in Calcutta (India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Maldives, u imanayaa inuu Nairobi (Kenya). Next, wadada maraa Badda Cas Jabuuti iyada oo Canal Suez ay u noqon Athens (Greece) in Venice (Italy) iyo Galiyo leh dhulka by Silk.

Dhibaatooyinka dhaqaalaha "Jidka"

Sida dhoofinta ugu weyn, Shiinaha waxaa inta badan saamayn ku dhaqaalaha caalamiga ah. Sida laga soo xigtay saadaasha, in qaab dhismeedka of Road Silk waxa la filayaa 21 trillion dollars isbeddelkaas ayaa sanadkiiba, taas oo kordhin karta share ee Shiinaha ee GDP dunida in 50%.

Waxaa la filayaa in Silk Road Cusub, dhismaha ah taas oo hore u socda, isugeeyey socodka dhoofinta badeecadaha iyo caasimada gobolka reebin ilaa dhawaan ka dambeeya ganacsiga caalamiga ah. In sano ee la soo dhaafay, Shiinaha si firfircoon iskaashi la leedahay dalalka Asia. Investments qoondeeyey shirkadaha dawladdu leedahay Chinese yihiin wadamo badan oo soo koraya, ku dhowaad macquul ah oo kaliya si ay u ilaaliyaan madax banaanida ka mid ah awoodaha weyn.

Laga soo bilaabo barta dhaqaale of view, faa'iidada mashruuca for Shiinaha waa in la yareeyo kharashka logistics. Waayo, dalalka xubnaha ka ah Road Silk ah - in jiitay lacag dheeraad ah. Tusaale ka mid ah iskaashiga sida ku saleysan maalgashiga Shiinaha ee waa mashruuc iHavan Maldives (mustaqbalka waa mid ka mid ah dhibcood ee ugu muhiimsan on badda map Silk Road).

caqabadaha gobolka

Shiinaha hortiisa in Central Asia iyo Africa ma aha kuwo gaar u ah dhaqaalaha la sifaynayo. Heer goboleed PRC weli mudnaanta xasilooni siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale ee gobollada iyo soohdinta, oo Bariga, Bartamaha iyo koonfur bari Asia. Caqabadii ugu muhiimsan ee faafinta arrin dhaqaale ee Shiinaha ayaa noqday factor ee "halista Shiinaha." Iska yaree halista in ay "maya" la qorsheeyey iyadoo la kaashanayo istiraatiijiyadda "dhinaca jilicsan", xoojiyaan saamaynta dhaqan ee Shiinaha. Tirada ardayda ee gobolka Asian, ardayda jaamacadaha dalka Shiinaha, waxa ay ka tarjumaysaa degree ee wax lays of dhaqanka Chinese.

ammaanka Shiinaha ee tamarta ay ku xiran tahay in ay gacanta ku badaha iyo kalen Silk Road. Sida soo dejiso ee dunida ugu weyn ee tamarta, Shiinaha waa 100% ku xidhan tahay sahayda badda. khatar "cunaqabateynta saliid" waxaa si joogto ah laalaadeen ka badan awoodda. US xeelad waxa loo adeegsaday dhanka ah Japan dagaalka ka hor.

New Silk Road soo dejin doonaa wada dalal badan, oo ay ku jiraan ka soo horjeeda Maraykanka (Russia, Pakistan, Iran). Xisbiyada Mareykanka jidka noqon kartaa xoog siyaasadeed oo miisaan weyn. hawl muhiim ah oo la xidhiidha abuurista Road Silk ah, waa in la ilaaliyo maal-Chinese. Iyada oo alaabta ganacsiga ay gacanta ku PRC ah, waxa lagu xaqiijin karaa oo keliya ma aha ganacsi, laakiin sidoo kale ujeedooyin la dagaalanka argagixisada. Muddo markii la joogaba macluumaadka u muuqataa in saxaafada oo ku saabsan dhaqanka wada xaajoodka in la dhiso shabakad Chinese ah saldhigyada military "string luul" Badweynta Hindiya.

saamaynta Project ku saabsan siyaasadda gudaha ee Shiinaha

mashaariicda caalamiga ah Major ayaa noqotay mudnaanta, iyo in siyaasadda gudaha ee Shiinaha. New Silk Road caawin doona xaliyo tiro ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka gudaha.

1. jeer dhaqaale Pro-Chinese waa mashaariicda maal faa'iido ku laabanayo sare on maalgashiga iyo muddada dheer faa'iido.
2. Isagoo maraya Shiinaha Galbeed, suunka ku biirin doonaan in la xaliyo dhibaatooyinka horumarineed si aan loo sineyn ee dalka, isdhexgalka dhaqanka iyo dhaqaalaha ee gobollada galbeedka.
3. Dhismaha goobaha kaabayaasha - il of shaqooyin cusub ee dawladda ka mid ah shirkadaha PRC in ay leeyihiin a khayraadka aadanaha adag.

Bartamaha Aasiya iyo Russia

Russia iyo Central Asia, isku wadi East iyo West ah ay muhiim u yihiin halbowlayaasha Shiinaha ee gaadiidka. Maanta, Shiinaha - warshad caalami ah. Fikradda loo isticmaalo oo ku yaala bartamaha Asia ee danaha dhaqaalaha, waxay ka fikiray tan iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti burburay. Markaasuu bilaabay shaqada nidaamsan jihada this: Ururka Iskaashiga Shanghai ah, korinta su'aasha ah ee iskaashiga dhaqaalaha. Waxa ay ahayd muhiim ma aha oo kaliya in ay waafajiyaan xaaladda dhaqaale guriga, laakiin sidoo kale si ay u diyaariyaan waddada Yurub iyada oo loo marayo Central Asia iyo Russia.

Ma aha sidaas muhiim ah, halkaas oo ay ka dhici doonaan Road Cusub Silk: kiis kasta waxa ay noqon doontaa ah oo baaxad weyn "rux-up" ah kaabayaasha Central Asian iyo si weyn kor loogu qaado gaadiidka xamuulka ka soo Shiinaha. Guusha oo ka mid ah xeeladaha of midoobidda iyo xasiloonida, kaliya suurto gal on Road Silk ah, ayaa la caddeeyey taariikh ahaan. Jirijirtay, dagaallo u dhexeeya quruumaha ayaa waxay isagii hor geeyeen in ku dhow ah, oo navigation - in la'aanta ah ee baahida. si isku day Xiga bilaabaan wadada aan urur heer gobol, toona kama taro.

Central Asia ayaa had iyo jeer gudbikaraa ah danaha Ruush. Iswaafiqida ee Shiinaha iyo Federation Ruush - su'aal halkii adag. Ma cadda, sida saamaynta Silk Road on Midowga Customs iyo SCO ah. Inta badan waxay ku xiran tahay booska uu ka Kazakhstan, xarunta gobolka of Central Asia.

doorka Russia ee mashruuca

On Silk Road ee qadiimiga ah, Shiinaha ahayd dhoofisaa kaliya. habka casriga ah ka horreeyay, waxaa la kala duwanaayeen si hufan by rabitaanka isdhexgalka. Ugu wadahadalo ee Moscow, markii ugu horeysay ee Shiinaha ayaa Russia si ay u isticmaalaan kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha waddada ujeeddooyin ganacsi. Russia ay u muuqataa in ay helaan dekedaha ku Road Cusub Silk, iyo ka qayb qaadan doonaan gaadiidka badeecadaha. Dabcan, habka ugu Shiinaha furfuraya mid ka mid ah hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee - in la siiyo wadadii in horumarinta iyo ka mid noqoshada ee dhaqaalaha caalamiga ah ee dhulalka reer galbeedka.

Russia on Road Cusub Silk ilaa muuqataa lammaane oo keliya, qeybiyaha ah alaabta ceeriin, gaadiidka. Waayo, horumarinta ah "Jidka" waxay u baahan tahay istaraatijiyad dhamaystiran. Dowladda, qorshayaasha shirkadaha shirkadaha shakhsiga kuma filna, u baahan midaysan qorshaha istaraatiijiga ah. Thanks to China ayaa sameeyay image fiican ee mashruuca, laakiin wax run ahaantii aan wax badan fiican Russia.

Ka dib burburkii USSR ah, aannu dhex marnay oo ka Central Asia iyo si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatooyinka gudaha. Shiinaha in ay dadka dhexgalaan la aasaasay Shanghai ee Ururka Iskaashiga. dalalka yaryar oo ka cabsadeen reer China, si ammaanka uu ahaa on ajandaha. Shiinaha kiciyey arrimaha dhaqaalaha la xiriira ganacsiga xorta ah, xuduudaha furan. SCO noqon lahaa monopolist ah ee gobolka, haddii aan formation of Midowga Dhaqaalaha Eurasian ah, taas oo muujisay in Russia uu leeyahay qorshaha doonista iyo istiraatiiji u ah Central Asia. Maanta, ee SCO iyo EAEC waa mashruuc kaliya ee Central Asia, iyo kii labaad oo rajada dheeraad ah horumarinta, si Shiinaha waa in ay ka doodaan.

Xi Jinping ayaa ku dhawaaqay dhowr jeedinta ee midoobidda ee aagga mustaqbalka dhaqaalaha iyo EAEC ah. Fikradda ayaa waxaa ay taageerayaan Vladimir Putin. Madaxweynaha waxa uu ahaa fikir ah in labada mashruuc wada noqon doonaa wadadii mid awood leh dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee dalka reer Eurasia. mashaariic isku daro ku salaysnaan doonaa ka SCO, kaas oo sidoo kale soo saaraa Shiinaha jagada hoggaamineed.

Rajooyinka Qabyada ah ee Russia

Mashruuca New Road Silk ku biirin doonaan si ay u sii kordhaya ganacsiga iyo horumarinta dalka iyo gaadiidka badda ee labada shabakadaha gaar ah ee Russia. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, la abuuro kaabayaasha conjugate ah. Maanta, dowladda Ruush badbaadin doonaa miisaaniyadda, ay ka mid yihiin dhimista dib lacagaha loo qoondeeyay dhismaha.

Russia ayaa ku biiray wadada oo dhan waxay ku xiran tahay heerka uu gaarsiisan horumarinta kaabayaasha tareenka qaranka. Waxaa la qorsheeyey in Silk Road cusub iyada oo Russia u Dhexe, Urals Koonfurta iyo meelaha gobolka waqooyi, halkaas oo ay jiraan dhismaha jidka Northern latitudes tegi doonaa. Suurtagalnimada of kordhin khadka dhex line ee "barka - umuliya" in Kazakhstan iyo Shiinaha. Severnyy Ural lagu daro karo ee "jidka" by badda ama dhulka, laakiin kaliya in ay buuxiso shuruudo ee casriyeynta w / d net.

Wasiirka Gaadiidka Sokolov, su'aal ayaa la sara kiciyey oo ku saabsan casriyeynta ee BAM iyo Tareenka Trans-Siberian, taas oo abuuri lahaa a-xawaaraha sare w / d jid "Moscow - Beijing", laakiin lacagta lama filayo. In 2015, sida uu qorshaha, ee-Trans Siberian iyo maalgelinta Baikal-Amur Mainline ahayd in in aysan jirin wax ka yar 21 billion rubles., Dhab ahaantii, qoondeeyay 16 bilyan.

Mid ka mid ah Russia ee ka mid noqoshada fursadaha in Road Cusub Silk wada diiday la joojiyo oo mashruuca ku saabsan dhismaha dekedda Crimean. Crimea noqon kartaa saldhig ganacsiga istiraatiiji ah oo barta cusub ee wadada ganacsiga call in Europe. Silk Road dhulka kiis kasta tegi doonaa iyada oo mid ka mid ah dalalka Yurub, halkaas oo waa ay fududahay in cadhaysiinina isbedel xoog leh iyo gaadiidka qufulka. Tusaale ahaan, stop socodka Southern ee Bulgaria. Helitaanka saldhig ganacsi ee Crimea u ogolaan doonaa in ay la isugeeyey socodka badeecadaha iyada oo dal kasta.

New Silk Road inay garab Russia

Ukraine sheegay inuu doonaayo inuu ka qeyb mashruuca "Silk Road" qaataan sida dhex-dhexaadin ah oo xamuul ah ka soo Shiinaha in Europe. Sida laga soo xigtay Mikheil Saakashvili, socodka ganacsi badan yihiin wanaagsan in loo soo diro dekedda Ilyichevsk sida logistics iyada oo ay tahay wax ka badan 9 maalmood, iyo Russia - 30 maalmood. Saakashvili carabka ku adkeeyay in shaqada horay u socda on dhismaha waddooyinka ee Midowga Yurub, iyada oo estuary Dniester la dhisay biriijka weyn.

Shiinaha ayaa hore u si xooga siyaadinay hirgelinta duwanaansho aasaasiga ah ee jidka noo jooga, Kazakhstan - Azerbaijan - Georgia - Turkey. Laga soo bilaabo Shiinaha, Goldogob soohdinta reer Russia yimid Nomadexpress tareen weel imtixaanka, 3500 km ee la soo dhaafay shan maalmood - iyada oo Kazakhstan, Badda Caspian si saldhigga Kishly (meel u dhow Baku). track labaad ee Road Cusub Silk dhex maray Iran, saddexaad (gayiga Russia Moscow iyo St. Petersburg) ayaa weli ka yar yahay wadahadal. wadada ugu danbeysay ee ka badan tahay faa'iidada badan, waayo, waa gaaban labada kale oo aan ahayn. Intaa waxaa dheer, Russia, Belarus iyo Kazakhstan waxaa ka mid ahaa in EAEC ah. Su'aasha ah ka qaybgalka Ruushka ee mashruuca la xalin muddo dheer, inuu caddeeyo inuu heshiis la saxiixay bishii May 2015.

Xulashada leh "madax-bannaanida" Shiinaha u aragto waxa la aqbali karo. Safiirka Shiinaha ayaa sheegay in bangiyada Chinese diyaar u yihiin inay dhaqaale gaadhaya $ 20 bilyan kaabayaasha ee Ukraine. Tani macnaheedu ma ah in uu jiro ah Silk Road cusub in ay garab dhulka Federation Ruush ah? Waxaan sugnaa oo aan aragnaa. Waa wax iska cad in Shiinaha ayaa ka fikiraya inuu fursado dhowr waddo, sidii waagii hore.

Direction "Kazakhstan - Federation Ruush - Belarus 'ugu faa'iido badan in Shiinaha, laakiin Russia ayaa ku biiray" New Road Silk "fikradda iyo si ay u difaacaan danaha iyaga u gaar ah oo la xiriira EAEC ah. Ukraine waa run ahaantii haboon ururka gaadiidka, laakiin ma ku haboon yahay maalgelin weyn, sababta oo ah xasilooni. kulanka Shiinaha ee la "Square" xoojisaa booska Shiinaha ayaa wadahadalo la Ruushka. Dabcan, wadada "Kazan - Moscow - St. Petersburg ..." on Road Silk la hadli doonaa.