Gas dhuumaha si Shiinaha. Design iyo jaantuska dhuumaha gaaska si Shiinaha a

Russia iyo Shiinaha saxiixay heshiis weyn u siin ee gaaska dabiiciga ah. dhuumaha gaaska si Shiinaha ayaa la filayaa in ay u oggolaadaan "Gazprom" in ay ballaadhiyaan dhoofinta, iyo ka qayb guusha dheeraad ah in iskaashiga u dhexeeya labada dal.

Heshiiska la saxiixay

Dhamaadkii May 2014 dhexeeya Ruush iyo Chinese Jamhuuriyadda Dadka ee (wakiil shirkadaha "Gazprom" iyo CNPC) saxiixay heshiis on sahayda ee gaasta dabiiciga ah ka dalkeenna. Dukumiintigaas ayaa saxiixay marka Shiinaha hadhay booqasho rasmi ah by Madaxweynaha Ruush. mugga heshiiska - $ 400 billion iyo muddada - 30 sano. Sannad kasta, shixnadaha noqon doontaa 38 bilyan oo mitir oo saddex jibaar gaas.

Heshiiska waxay gaar u tahay "Gazprom". Iyada oo heshiis caynkan oo ma jiro wax dheeraad ah shirkadda Ruush aan weli la soo gabagabeeyey. khubarada qaar ayaa rumaysan in Shiinaha waxay heli doonaan gaaska qiimo hooseeya (oo ku saabsan $ 350 per kun oo mitir oo saddex jibbaaran), kaas oo ku haboon Russia (aan asal ahaan ka codsaday 400). Wada jir ah ula heshiiska u dhexeeya labada dal ayaa saxiixay heshiis is-faham inta lagu guda jiro mudnaanta ee gaaska. Waayo, fulinta heshiiska waa la dhisi doonaa oo dhuumaha gaaska qaada ah oo cusub oo ka soo Russia si Shiinaha.

Jidka adag tahay in la soo wareegtay

Just dhowr maalmood ka hor saxiixa dhexeeya Russia iyo China heshiis gaas warbaahinta kala duwan ayaa sheegay in wada xaajoodka ay ku hakadeen, oo aysan wax heshiis ah la dhammeeyo ma noqon karo.

theses Kuwan waxaa loo arkaa by khubaro qaar ka mid ah in ay caddaaladda qaar ka mid ah - oo aan ugu yaraan sababtoo ah in weli dhawr sano ka hor isku dayaysa in ay ku tirinnaa heshiis u dhexeeya Russia iyo China ee arrinta lagu guuleeysan. Qaado, tusaale ahaan, Dhaqaalaha St. Petersburg ee Forum ee 2011: wakiillo ka socda shirkadaha gaaska Chinese ayaa waxa on, laakiin ma aysan gaarin heshiis la asxaabteena Ruush. Sababta ahaa khilaaf ku saabsan qiimaha. khubarada qaar ayaa rumaysan in gaaska Ruush bixiyeen laba jeer sida ugu badan ee Shiinaha ka heli karto dalal kale, gaar ahaan laga soo saaray dalalka Central Asian. Sidaa darteed, su'aashu waxay haddii ay u muuqdaan ama aan dhuumaha gaaska ka Russia si Shiinaha, ayaa muddo dheer ku hadhay la xiriira.

heshiis Gas: sida ay u saamayn doonto xiriirka ka dhexeeya Russia iyo China?

Fundamentals of iskaashiga istaraatiji ee ka dhexeeya Russia iyo China ayaa la dhigay 90-ka. Sannadkii 2001, dawladda heshiis ku saabsan taas oo ahayd in ay noqdaan in lays ee xiriirka wanaagsan-derisnimada iyo saaxiibtinimo saxiixay. Sannadkii 2011, isku day ayaa la sameeyey si ay u turjumaan iskaashiga istaraatiijiyadeed ee diyaarada, oo waxaa la rumeysan yahay by khubaro qaar ka mid ah, oo rajaynaya horumarka ee hadda ka jirta heshiiska gaaska.

Waxaa jira version a in saxiixii dhawaan heshiis balanqaaday ma aha oo kaliya marka la eego faa'iidooyinka dhaqaale ee "Gazprom", laakiin sidoo kale marka la eego helidda ilaha dhaqaale ee horumarinta qaybaha kale ee dhaqaalaha ee labada dal. Waxaa la qorsheeyey in la qabto dhowr wareeg oo maalgashiga kaabayaasha (tusaale ahaan, dhismaha buundo Webi Amur ah), si ay u maal mashaariic la xidhiidha dalxiiska iyo kaalmeynta bulshada ee dadka waayeelka ah. iskaashiga Ruush-Chinese tegi kartaa qoto dheer iyo in gobollada, gaar ahaan kuwa la cunsur muhiim ah oo dhuumaha gaaska la dhigay baxay doonaa.

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khubarada qaar ayaa rumaysan in saxiixa heshiiska ka dhexeeya Shiinaha iyo Russia on sahayda gaas iyo heshiiska in dhawaan bilaabi doonaan dhismaha dhuumaha gaaska ku shaqeeya in Shiinaha - dhacdo of muhiimadda ugu weyn ee caalamka oo dhan. Tani, falanqeeyayaasha ayaa sidaa leh, link doonaa dhaqaalaha ee labada dal, iyo soo dejin doonaa faa'iidooyin badan qof walba. Waxaa jira version a in labada dhinac ay si ula kac ka tanaasulay oo kaliya in ay heshiis la gaareen.

Hadduuna Jirin, heshiiska u badan tahay ma la saxiixay. Sidaa darteed, falanqeeyayaasha ayaa sidaa leh, waxaa aad u muhiim ah in Russia iyo Shiinaha ayaa markii hore loo dhigay natiijada. On goobta ee wargeyska weyn Chinese ahayd baadhitaan ka mid ah dadka isticmaala. Su'aashu waxay tahay: "Waa maxay more muhiim ah in aad - xaqiiqda ah ee saxiixa heshiiska u dhexeeya Russia iyo China, ama faa'iidada dhaqaale?" users Most dooran doonaa ikhtiyaarka ugu horeeyay. Sidaa darteed, waxaan dhihi karaa in dowladda Shiinaha waa ilaa xad ka muuqataa danaha muwaadiniinta. Sidoo kale, sida ay leeyihiin falanqeeyayaasha, heshiiska gaaska caawin doona labada dal si ay u dareemaan kalsooni badan ka qabashada arrimaha horumarinta ee gobolka Asia-Pacific. Dhisidda dhuun si Shiinaha, Russia, sidaas darteed, sidoo kale kordhin karaan awood siyaasadeed u gaar ah.

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Waxaa jira khubaro in version warbaahinta in saxiixin heshiiska gaaska la Shiinaha ma ahaa waxtar buu u leeyahay Russia ah. Our dalka, sida ay taageerayaasha view this, laga yaabee in ay helaan wax la eego qiimaha, laakiin laga badiyay marka la eego ka mid ah shuruudaha sahayda gaas. Halkan waxaan ka hadleynaa dhibic ka qaadataan ama mushahar ah (taas oo macnaheedu yahay "qaataan ama bixiyaan"), kaas oo "Gazprom", sida caadiga ah, waxaa ka mid ah in heshiisyada ay. Khubarada waxay aaminsan yihiin in shayga aan joogo in a kala saxiixdeen Russia iyo heshiis Shiinaha ayaa laga yaabaa.

Tani waxay keeni kartaa in ay xaqiiqada ah in Russia, isagoo ka dhisay kaabayaasha gaaska qaali wajihi doonaan diidan in ay si firfircoon uga faa'ideysan. Dhismaha dhuumaha gaaska si Shiinaha a sidaas noqon kartaa wax tar lahayn. Sidaas darteed, dawladdu waxay yeelan doonaan in ay raadsadaan lacag magdhow ah ee kharashka ay suurtagal tahay.

Sidee doono dhuumaha

Waxaa la filayaa in dhuumaha gaaska si Shiinaha ee la jabin doonaa iyada oo loo marayo gobolka Altai ah. Haddii aad eegto taariikhda xiriirka Ruush-Chinese arrinta gaaska, waxaad ka heli doontaa in model this la arkay sida ugu horreysa ee 90s ka. Project Pipeline gaaska dabiiciga ah ee Shiinaha ayaa jiray muddo dheer. Su'aashu waxay ahayd oo kaliya in qiimaha, laakiin haatan wuxuu kasoo degay, sida khubaro rumaysan, waxaa suuro gal ah in heshiiska, dhinacyada bilaabi doonaan in ay hirgeliyaan tuubooyin dhex Altai ah. The sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee dhuumaha waa sida soo socota. Dhererka line waa 2.6 kun oo km, awoodda -. About 30 bilyan oo mitir oo saddex jibbaaran. Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa in ay gaaska in goobaha wax soo saarka hadda jira ee gobolka Yamal. Intaa waxaa dheer in ay "Altai" dhuumaha gaaska si Shiinaha iyo qorshayaasha Russia ee - in uu abaabulo bixinta shidaalka by laanta kale. Waxay ka koobnaan doonaan qayb ka mid ah Yakutia in Vladivostok iyo laamaha ee Shiinaha oo ku saabsan dhinaca Blagoveshchensk. Horumarinta duurka ugu weyn ee thread this - Chayandinskoye - laga bilaabi doonaa, sida uu sheegay qorshayaasha oo ka mid ah labada dal ee 2019. Qorshahani waa dhuumaha gaaska ah khubaro badan oo China u muuqataa mid aad u wanaagsan looga fikiray baxay oo wax ku ool ah.

Sida heshiiska saamayn doonto suuqyada kale

Sida laga soo xigtay dhaqaaleyahannada qaar ka mid ah, kala saxiixdeen Russia iyo China ayaa isku raacay in aan si weyn saameyn xiriirka gaaska dhexeeya "Gazprom" iyo Europe ah. Inta badan, sababtoo ah ee Midowga Yurub ee mustaqbalka dhow bilaabi kartaa laga dhaqanka ee ku badbaado iyo bilaabaan inay u baabba'do gaaska ka yar. heshiis u dhexeeya Russia iyo China, Khubarada ayaa leh, ha noqoto dareen gaar ah, sida jeedin ah dhacdooyinka, mabda ', waa arrin macquul ah ku saabsan asalka ah qorshaha, si loo dhiibi ee sanadihii hore. Oo dhuumaha gaaska "Altai" ee Shiinaha - ma aha mashruuc cusub.

Sidoo kale, falanqeeyayaasha ayaa sidaa leh, waxaa lagama maarmaan ma aha in la arko xiriir toos ah oo u dhexeeya cunaqabatayn si Russia sababtoo ah xaaladda ka taagan Ukraine. Xiriirka u dhexeeya Russia iyo China, ee ha lagu qaado a macno siyaasadeed fahmayaan. Qaar ka mid ah khubarada Yurub hubin in Russia ay qorsheyneyso in ay heshiis la Shiinaha dheer ka hor inta dhacdooyinka hadda saaxadda caalamka.

opinion USA

Qaar ka mid ah falanqeeyayaasha Maraykanka u muuqdaan in ay su'aasha faa'iidooyinka inay Russia ka saxiixay heshiis gaas la Shiinaha oo loo isticmaali karo ujeedooyin iyaga u gaar ah rabitaanka Ruush in la more ilaaliyo cunaqabatayn by dalalka reer galbeedka. khubarada Maraykanka rumaysan yihiin in dhammaan ma si cad on qiimaha heshiiska, sida ay u muuqato, in ay view, Shiinaha bixin doonaa si "Gazprom" waa yar yahay waxaa la sameeyaa, tusaale ahaan, dalalka Yurub. Iyadoo ku saleysan, Russia, falanqeeyayaasha ayaa sidaa leh, waxaa weli ka tanaasulay. Iyo Shiinaha, sidaas faa'iideystey saxiixa heshiiska - labadaba marka la eego qiimaha iyo marka la eego nolasha ah meesha uu dhuumaha gaaska. Taa baddalkeeda, Mareykanka waxay aaminsan yihiin in ka helay Russia oo dhan - waa fursad si ay u muujiyaan Europe in ay ballaadhiyaan sahayda gaas. Intaa waxaa dheer, falanqeeyayaasha ayaa ka Mareykanka, Russia ma aha dhiiran tahay in la tixgeliyo doorasho sax ah markii ay ku tiirsanaanta dhaqaale on Shiinaha waa ka weyn yahay kii Europe. Oo waa in ay tixgeliyaan marka dhismaha dhuumaha gaaska si Shiinaha, "Gazprom" a.

baaxadda qandaraaska

Sayidka, dhuumaha gaaska si Shiinaha ku siin doonaa gaaska Ruush ee deriskiisa ah ee 38 bilyan oo mitir oo saddex jibbaaran sannad kasta. badan ama yar? Iyadoo lagu tilmaamayo in ay tirakoob la xiriira qaab dhismeedka gaaska dabiiciga ah ee Russia ee dalal kala duwan oo adduunka ah. In 2013, "Gazprom" in ay dhoofiyaan 196 bilyan oo mitir oo saddex jibaar gaas iyada oo dhuumo. Tani waa heerka ugu sareeya ee toddoba sannadood. The iibsada weyn ee gaaska Ruush - dalalka aan CIS. Sannadkii 2012, waxay ku iibsadeen 138,8 bilyan oo mitir oo saddex jibaar shidaalka. The waarido weyn ee gaaska Ruush ahaayeen Germany, Turkey iyo Italy. Taa baddalkeeda, wadamada CIS iyo dalalka Baltiga ee 2012 ayaa laga dhoofiyey 64.4 bilyan oo mitir oo saddex jibaar shidaalka. Waxaa soo baxday in qalabka gaaska mustaqbalkiisa u Shiinaha - waa saabsan 20% ka mid ah waxqabadka hadda "Gazprom". Suuqa Chinese laga yaabaa in, sidaas darteed, waxay noqon bedel ah kala bar waxa ay ku baabbi'iyee dalalka deriska la ah iyo in ka badan rubuc - ka iibsada Yurub (haddii aanu qaadan sida ku saleysan tirooyinka 2012). Su'aashu waxay tahay, sida ugu dhakhsaha badan loo dhisay dhuumaha gaaska isku mid ah si Shiinaha via Altai ah.

Maxaad gaaska Ruush in Shiinaha?

khubarada qaar ayaa rumaysan, Shiinaha u baahan gaaska Ruush waa aan ka yarayn Federation Ruush - dhoofinta. Sababaha ugu weyn ee arinkan lala dhaqaalaha ee Shiinaha iyo xaaladda dhawrista ee dalka. In 2013, oo ku saabsan saddex meelood oo meel gaaska ee Shiinaha ayaa la keeno. Saamiga shidaalka laga keeno, falanqeeyayaasha ayaa sidaa leh, ee Shiinaha waxaa sii kordhaya, sida baahida kordhay gudaha. Haddii sannadkii 2012 saamiga gaaska ee isticmaalka tamarta ee Shiinaha uu ahaa 5.4%, 2014 tiradaasi saadaaliyey ee 6.3%.

Sida laga soo xigtay saadaasha dowladda Shiinaha ayaa, 2015 dhaqaalaha dalka ay u baahan doonaan 230 bilyan oo mitir oo saddex jibaar shidaalka. xaddi habboon ee wax soo saarka gaaska ee Shiinaha ma aha sidaas u weyn. Waxay ku koraan (by 12% sannadkii), laakiin ma aha sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ay isticmaalka (18% sanad walba). deegaanka ayaa sidoo kale muhiim ah. Shiinaha baahan yahay in la turjumay shidaalka keeni Dhibayaan in dabeecadda. Gas, sida ay khubarada qaar ka mid ah - ikhtiyaarka ugu fiican. Gaar ahaan in aad ugu dhakhsaha badan waxaa jiri doona nidaamka cajiib ah oo dhuumaha gaaska si Shiinaha.

Russia ma leeyahay tartamaya?

Hadda laba qeybiyaha gaaska dabiiciga ah ugu weyn ee PRC - waa Turkmenistan (ee 2012 dalka this ayaa ku Shiinaha oo ku saabsan 20 bilyan oo mitir oo saddex jibaar gaas) iyo Qatar. In sannadaha soo socda, Khubarada ayaa leh, tiradaasi oo ah dhoofinta ka Jamhuuriyadda hore ee Soviet ay gaari karaan 65 bilyan oo kale qeybiyeyaasha gaaska ee Shiinaha - Australia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Yemen.. Waxaa soo baxday in Russia waa la joogo - rating banaanka, iyo iyada oo lagu dabaqo dhuumaha in Shiinaha uu noqon doonaa tartan xoog leh dalalka kale.