Quusta ah ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida: photo. Quusta ah ee Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo Germany, dagaalkii labaad ee dunida

Maraakiibtan Villarreal oo qayb ka ah ciidamada badda ee dalal kala duwan ayaa noqday durbaba lagu jiro dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. shuqullada Development berrinkii gujis bilaabay muddo dheer ka hor ay ku bilaabatay, laakiin kaliya ka dib 1914 ayaa la dhamaystiray looga baahan yahay sifooyinka waxqabadka maamulka raxan ka mid ah maraakiibtooda quusta. Shardiga ugu muhiimsan, taas oo ay ku shaqeeyaan laga yaabaa, waxay ahayd in ay qarsoodi. Quusta ah ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ee qaabka iyo mabaadi'da tallaabo ka horreeyay oo ka mid ah labaatankii sano ee hore ay is khilaafeen yar. Farqiga dhismaha waxaa inta badan ka koobnaa ee tabo cusub tiknoolaji iyo qaar ka mid ah been abuurtay ee 20 iyo 30-ka mid ah unugyada iyo isku celceliyo, hagaajinta sifooyinka navigability, iyo koboca.

quusta Jarmal dagaalka ka hor

Shuruudaha ku Treaty of Versailles uma ay oggolaan Germany si ay u dhisaan noocyo badan oo ka mid ah maraakiibta iyo in la abuuro Ciidanka badda a buuxa. In muddo ah pre-dagaal, Dafiraadda rogeen wadamada ee 1918 xaddidaadda Allied, deked markab Jarmal habase yeeshee bilaabay on shan iyo toban quusta fasalka badda (U-25, U-26, U-37, U-64, iwm). Barakaca dushiisa ahaa oo ku saabsan 700 tons. quusta yar (500 tons) in qadarka 24 gogo '. (Lambareysan U-44) oo lagu daray 32 cutub dhameystay-xeebaha kala duwan ahaayeen isku mid oo ka kooban taageeraya Krigsmarine xoog barakaca ah. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah alaabtii qaanso hubaysan iyo tuubooyinka toorbiidyo (badanaa 4 qaanso iyo daran 2).

Sayidka, inkastoo ay tallaabooyin badan oo lagu xakamaynayo, by 1939, ku hubeysan Navy Jarmal ee ka koobnayd quusta arrin casriga ah. Dagaalkii labaad ee dunida waxyar ka dib markii la aasaasay ayaa muujisay waxtarka of class this hub sare.

Isku day on Britain

Britain qaaday dharbaaxo ugu horeysay ee Hitler ee mashiinka dagaal. Wreegay ku filan, Admiral ee boqortooyadiisa ka ugu mahad khatarta by ee dagaalka Jarmal iyo Cruiser. In-aragnimo ah ee isku dhaca baaxadda leh ee hore, waxay u maleeyeen in caymiska gujis la xadidaa, waxaana loo xariijin yara cidhiidhi ah xeebaha, iyo ogaanshaha ma noqon doonto wax badan oo dhibaato ah.

Waxaa soo baxay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, in Jarmal U-doomood oo ka mid ah dagaalkii labaad ee dunida noqon kartaa hub fog ka khatar badan tahay raxan dusha sare. Isku dayo in la dhiso go'doomin ciidamada badda ee xeebta waqooyi ku guuldareystay. Maalintii ugu horraysay ee markabka dagaalka "Athenia" ayay waxaa deijiyey iyo degtay xambaara dayuuradaha "Koreydzhes" Sept. 17, diyaaradda oo British ay rajaynayeen in ay isticmaalaan sida hab wax ku ool ah ee ASW ah. tallaabo Block "baakad Yeeyi" Admiral arooryadow Macalin Kama Noqon Karaan, waxay u dhaqmeen siyaalaha qaarkood dhiirranaan badan. October 14, 1939-gujiska U-47 galay biyihii saldhigga Royal Navy at Scapa Flow, iyo meel dusha markab dagaal deijiyey qotoma "Royal Oak". Maxkamadda maalin kasta dhintay.

Arooryadow seef iyo gaashaan Britain

By 1940, Germany loo ogolaaday in ay si hoose oo ka mid ah maraakiibta Ingiriisi raaci tanka a guud ee ka badan laba milyan oo tan. Waxa ay u muuqatay in Britain waa masiibo lama huraan. Interest in taariikhyahanadu taariikhda u sheegay oo ku saabsan doorka ciyaaray quusta ah ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Filinka "The Battle of Atlantic ah" ayaa sheegay sheekada ee halganka loogu jiro xukunka oo ka mid ah maraakiibta ee jidadka waaweyn badda, taas oo u tegey on qeybinayay dalalka dagaallamaya. Diriraan "yeey" arooryadow adkayd, laakiin hawsha go'aan kasta oo adag ben, oo waxaa la helay waqti this. Guulaha berrinkii radar ogaan doonaa aragga ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale in aragti ah eber, iyo in masaafada u, u quusta Jarmal.

Dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka weli ma gaadhay wajiga ugu sarreysa, waxay ahayd bishii April 1941, laakiin waxaa tiimbadeen by-gujiska U-110. Waxay ahayd ka badbaaday ugu dambeeya ee ah Kuwaad la Hitler bilaabay dagaal.

Waa maxay Maalqabeenada ah?

Laga soo bilaabo bilowga aad u samaynta quusta ka fikiray embodiments kala duwan oo awood siin warshad koronto ka. Quusta ah ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, wada motor koronto, oo dushiisa - engine naaftada ah. Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee hortaagan ilaalinta ee sirta, wuxuu ahaa baahida loo qabo in xilliyo baxaan si uu nasasiino. Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu guda jiro quusta unmasking qasbay nugul yihiin, waxay ogaan kari lahaa diyaaradaha iyo labada naadi. In si loo yareeyo khatarta this, been abuurtay, iyo Maalqabeenada waxa loogu yeero. Waa nidaam kordhiin biibiile kaas oo qol naaftada a galaa hawada Hawada looga baahan yahay sari ee shidaalka oo Fayda gaasaska dhammayn.

quusta iyo Maalqabeenada Codsiga caawiyay yareeyo khasaaraha, laakiin marka lagu daro waxay ahaayeen labada naadi iyo siyaabo kale oo ka mid ah la ogaado, sida SOONAARKA.

Innovation waxaa la dayaco

Inkastoo faa'iidooyinka cad, qalabaysan iyo Maalqabeenada oo kaliya Jarmal U-doomood oo ka mid ah dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo dalalka kale ayaa waxa ay ka tageen la alifay joogin, inkastoo xaaladaha waayo-aragnimo amaahashada ahaayeen. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in shipbuilders horeysay Dutch isticmaalo iyo Maalqabeenada ah, laakiin waan ognahay sidoo kale in 1925 qalab la mid ah oo loogu talagalay by Talyaani injineer ciidamada Ferretti ah, laakiin ka dibna fikrad this la hakiyay. In 1940, Netherlands la galeen by Nazi Germany, laakiin ay raxan gujis (4 halbeeg) lahaa inuu ka tago UK. Waxaa, sidoo kale, ma aanan mahad this, dabcan, qalab la doonayo. Maalqabeenada burburnin, iyaga ka fiirsaneysa qalabka korontada aad u khatar ah oo la iska weydiinaayey.

xal farsamo kale oo kuwii ku dhisayna quusta kacaan ma isticmaali. Baytariyada hagaagtay qalab waayo, waxaa iyaga ku amraya, hagaagtay nidaamka nadiifinta dhalashadii labaad hawada, laakiin mabda'a weli qalab gujis beddelin.

Quusta ah ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, Midowga Soofiyeeti

geesiyaal Photo severomortsev Lunin, Marinesco, Starikov daabacay wargeysyada Soviet ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale arrimaha dibadda. Submariners ahaayeen geesiyaal dhab ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, saraakiishii ugu guulaha badan ee quusta Soviet noqday cadaawayaashiinna shakhsi of Adolf Hitler, iyo aqoonsi fiican iyaga looma baahna.

doorka A weyn oo dagaalka ku jira badda in cabaadeen in badaha waqooyiga iyo berkedda weysada Badda Madow, ciyaaray quusta Soviet. Dagaalkii labaad ee dunida bilaabay in 1939, iyo 1941, Nazi Germany weeraray USSR. Waqtigaas, on our hub ciidan gujis raxan ka koobnayd dhawr nooc oo aasaasi ah:

1. PL "Decembrists". Taxanaha (marka laga reebo horyaalka laba cutub ka badan - "Narodovolets iyo" Red The ") aasaasay 1931. barakac Full - 980 tons.
2. "L" taxane - "Lennin." Qabyo 1936 sano barakac - 1400 tons, markab hub leh lix TAS in hubka torpedoes 12 iyo 20 miinooyinka badda, laba qori (sanka - 100 mm iyo calafka xoolaha - 45 mm).
3. "R-XIII» taxane la barakac ka mid ah 1,200 tons.
4. taxane ah "ni" ( "Pike") la barakac ka mid ah 580 tons.
5. "C" taxane ah 780 m, a TA lix hubaysan iyo laba qori - 100 mm iyo 45 mm.
6. "K" taxane. Barakaca - 2200 m Developed 1938 gujis godu, horumarinta xawaaraha of 22 kuus kuus (booska dusha) iyo 10 kuus kuus (booska quuska.). Doon fasalka badda. Lix toorbiidyo hubeysan (6 TA sanka iyo feed 4).
7. "M" taxane - "Baby". Barakaca - ka 200 250 m (ku xiran tahay bedelidii). Mashaariicda ee 1932 iyo 1936, TA 2, madaxbannaani - 2 todobaad.

"Baby"

Quusta "M" taxane ah kuwa ugu dheggan U-doomood oo ka mid ah dagaalkii labaad ee dunida Midowga Soofiyeeti. Filinka "Navy Soviet The. Victory Chronicle "ayaa sheegay sheekada ee Jidka ammaanta shaqaalaha badan farsamo u isticmaali sifooyinka maaraysay gaarka ah ee maraakiibta, kuwaas, oo ay weheliso ay size yar yar. Mararka qaarkood taliye u suurtagashay in ay aamusnaan helaan meel u dhow saldhig cadowga si fiican u ilaaliyo oo aad hesho isagoo ka baxsanayo cadaadis iska. "Baby" u rari kara by rail iyo birtiina waa in Badda Madow iyo Bariga Fog.

On par leh faa'iidooyinka of taxane ah "M" waxa uu ahaa, dabcan, iyo khasaaraha, laakiin iyaga oo aan jiro qalab aan la complete: madaxbannaani kooban, kaliya labo torpedoes ay ka maqan yihiin stock, hawadu iyo xaaladaha daalin adeegga la xiriira dhowr ka mid ah shaqaalihii markabka. dhibaatooyinkan aan hortagi ku submariners geesinimada guul cajiib ah cadowga.

In wadamo kala duwan,

xaddi Interesting ah oo quusta ah ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ku jireen adeegga la badda ee dalal kala duwan dagaalka ka hor. Sida of 1939 raxan ugu weyn ee quusta lahaa USSR (in ka badan 200 oo kumbiyuutarada.), Waxa uu ku guuleystay by raxan ka awood badan Talyaaniga gujis (in ka badan boqol units), meel saddexaadna heystey France (86 kumbiyuutarada.), Afraadna wuxuu - UK (69), kii shanaadna - Japan (65) iyo lixaad - Germany (57). In koorsada of dagaalka bedelay dheelitirka awoodda, iyo liiska waxaa ku dhowaad ilaa iyo jiidh si cagsi ah (marka laga reebo tirada quusta Soviet). Waxa intaa dheer in hoos u biyahay galeen in shipyards our in madaxda sare ee Navy Soofiyeeti iyo gujis la dhisay ee England, taas oo qayb ka ah Baltic noqday ka dib markii goysiga ah ee Estonia ( "Lembit", 1935).

dagaalka ka dib,

dagaalka ayaa hoos u dhintay on dhulka, hawada, biyaha iyo iyada ka hooseeyey. Sanado badan, ee Soviet "Pike" iyo "Baby" sii waday in ay difaacaan dalkooda, ka dibna waxay la isticmaalo tababar arday ciidamada badda ee dugsiyada military. Qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxay noqdeen taxadiri iyo matxafyada, kuwo kale ay ku daxalaystay on quusta qabuuraha.

Quusta tobanka sano ee la soo dhaafay ka dib markii dagaalka, ku dhawaad uusan ka qeyb qaadan colaadaha in si joogto ah ee ka dhacaya dunida. Waxaa jiray isku dhacyada maxaliga ah, mararka qaarkood horumariyo galay dagaal aad u daran, laakiin quusta ah ayaa shaqo aan dagaal. Waxay noqonayaan kuwo qarsoodi ah, dhaqaaqin aamusnaan iyo si dhakhso ah, si ay horumarka mahad helay physics nuclear madaxbannaani aan xad lahayn.