Qadarka on primogeniture. Sanadka 1714 th

1714 in Russia ay astaan u ah ee si cusub. Peter aan saxiixay amar cusub "On primogeniture", sidaas ayuu isku dayo in uu soo afjaro kala qaybsanaanta ee xaafadaha sharaf leh xad-dhaaf ah oo soo jiitaan dad cusub si ay hawsha Emperor ee ciidanka. Sharcigani wuxuu qoray in uu ka tago guryaha dhabta ah waa nin ka mid ah oo keliya - ahaa curadkii ama gabadhaada, ama doonistii milkiilaha qof kale.

tallaabo muhiim ah

In 1714, Peter qaadataa sharciga "On primogeniture" in ay masixi soohdinta u dhexeeya fikirka ah "la iibiyo" (lahaanshaha dhulka, taas oo uu leeyahay, sayidkaygiiyow, a dhulgoosadka, oo xaq ah sale, deeq) iyo guryaha. Tani waa faa'iido waayo, boqorkii, sida mid ka mid ah kan aqbala dhaxalka waa in nolosha in hawshii Emperor ah. Waxa kale oo ay keentay in loo xoojin ah oo dhaqaalaha ka mid ah mulkiilayaasha ah.

Ma amar "On primogeniture" sarkhaansan West ayaa la soo saaray?

Markii hore, mid ka mid ah u malaynayso in Peter sarkhaansan yihiin dalalka reer galbeedka ahaa, ayuu uu xiiseynayo in amarka dhaxalka ee England, Venice, France. Waxaa dhiirigelintiisa lahaa tusaalooyin shisheeye, Peter waxaan goostay kala iibsiga hantida oo dhan si ay hal wuxuu ahaa curadkii.

Qadarka "On primogeniture" si weyn u kala duwan ka soo dhigiisa Yurub, waxa aanu wax xaq u lahaanshaha hanti ma leeyihiin si gaar ah ahaa curadkii, oo wuxuu u yeedhay magacaabista bedelka kasta, marka laga reebo burburiyo dhul, guryaha.

Sidaas darteed, dhismaha arkay of sharaf guri, sharci ahaan waxa ay ahayd fikrad gebi ahaanba kala duwan ee suuqa kala iibsiga ee hantidooda ay dhaxal. Peter ayaa abuuray fikrad gaar ah oo buulkeedii generic sannado badan isku xirta dhaxlo Joogta iyo milkiilaha adeegga dhaxlo.

Qadarka "On primogeniture": adeegga sida hab lagu helo hantida

Sharciga ahayd ujeedada ugu weyn ee nolosha u adeegi ciidanka. Laga soo bilaabo tan ay isku dayeen in ay ka baxsadaan in siyaabo kala duwan, laakiin ay xukuumaddu si xun u ciqaabi kuwa aan muuqan at call.

In amar this ahaayeen khasaaraha more: hadda milkiilaha kama iibin karaan ama hantida mortgage. Dhab ahaantii, Peter sameeyey call, iyo farqiga u dhexeeya domain ee xaafadda, abuuraya qaab cusub sharciga ah ee lahaanshaha. Si amar loo qoondeeyey "On primogeniture" arkay oo waxaa jiray jid uma sugnaanin ku wareegsan waxaa, Peter aan canshuurta weyn (waajib) ah oo ku saabsan iibinta xuquuqda lahaanshaha dhulka (xataa caruurta sharaf leh) keentaa.

In mustaqbalka, sharciga reebay in la iibsado guryaha caruurta ka yar, haddii aan ka hadhay muddo gaar ah ee ciidanka (taasoo la micno ah arday Corps). Haddii mudane a, in mabda, umana ay adeegin, markaas afku lahaanshaha dhulka ay ka noqday wax aan macquul aheyn. beddelka Tani laga yaabaa in aan la soo gudubteen, sidii adeegga ciidanka ma qaadan, laakiin haddii qof ku jiray Aayaadkanaga oo Cad Cad of dementia ama dhibaatooyin caafimaad oo halis ah.

Dhaxalka hantida

Amarkii ee Peter "on primogeniture" da'da loo Yeedhiyaa amarka lahaanshaha. Iyadoo 20 sano oo kii dhaxalka lahaa Wakiil yaabaa lahaanshaha dhulka, iyadoo 18 sano loo ogolaaday inuu hogaamiyo ee hantida guurtada haweenka, wax ka beddelka kordhiyay ilaa 17 sano. Tani waa da'da loo arkaa in Russia guurka. Ilaa xad sharcigan ilaalinta xuquuqda caruurta, kii dhaxalka lahaa waxaa loo baahan yahay in ay sii hantida dhabta ah ee walaalaha ka yaryar, is ogow iyaga ka mid ah oo lacag la'aan ah si ay uga buuxdaa aqbalo dhaxalka.

nuxurka amarka Peter aan

Ka mid ah dadkii ku abtirsan waxaa jiray qanacsanayn, sida dukumentiga ahaa ay guushu ku hal qof, inta badan ku khasabtay kale ee weli ku jira saboolnimada. Si hantida gabadhiisii maray, ninkeeda lahaa in ay qaataan magaca ugu dambeeya ee taro, haddii kale oo dhan ay ka gaarayaan gobolka. In the case of dhimashada ahaa curadkii hor dhaxal aabbihiis maray in uu ina soo socda Seniority, oo aan awow u ahaa kii dardaarmay dhinto.

Nuxurka Amarkii "On primogeniture" jiifay ee xaqiiqda ah in haddii gabadhii ugu weynaa mudane ee guursaday intuusan dhiman, guryaha oo dhan maray gabadhii soo socda (oo sidoo kale si of Seniority). Wixii la'aanta caruurta ee dhaxalka hantida oo dhan maray in ay qaraabo sare ee ugu dhow degree ehelnimo. taro uu dhintay ka dib Haddii hadhay naag carmal ah, ayay helay lahaanshaha noolaa guriga ninkeeda a, laakiin by beddelka ah ee 1716, iyada waxaa helitaanka mid ka mid ah guryaha afraad.

carada The kuwa gobta ah oo la baabiiyo Amarkii

Amarkii ee Peter aan la kulmay carada weyn ee bulshada, maadaama ay saameeyeen danaha abtirsan. Fasiraadda sharciga isu burinaya. abtirsan ma wadaagi aragtida gooyo on amarkii "On primogeniture." Sanadka 1725 keeneen isbedel weyn ugu horeysay poslablyaya rakibo hore. Tallaabadan waxaa ka xanaajiyey la'aanta ah xataa weyn waxgarashada, iyo iyada oo sababtu tahay in 1730kii waxaa la baabiiyo Anna Empress ku Ivanovna. Sababta rasmiga ah ee la kansalay ee amar ahaa in ku dhaqanka ma suurto gal ahayd in ay gaaraan koboc dhaqaale dhaxalka estate dhabta ah.

Published by Peter aan in 1714 amar "On primogeniture" keentay in xaqiiqda ah in dhammaan siyaabaha suurtogalka awowayaashiin isku dayay in uu hanti kala qaybiyaan dhammaan carruurta ka mid ah si isku mid ah.

sharciga waxaa loo aqoonsaday in ay lug ku leeyihiin oo dhan iyo wiilashiisii iyo reer marxuumka dhaxlay. Dhaleen marxuumka helay qayb ka mid ah aabbihiis, kuwaas oo ka hor taro dhintay. Oo ay ku jiraan dhaxal Wicitaanka iyo qaraabada kale, iyo naagtii uu dhintay, si ay u helaan mid qayb ka mid ah hantida. Maqnaanshaha qaraabada dhow ee walaalaha qofka dhintay dhaxlay maray by Seniority. taro Haddii lahaa qaraabada lahayn ama in ay dhacdo diidmada dhaxalka hantida guurtada iyo dhaqaaqayn wareejiyay gobolka.