Ganacsiga, Warshadaha
Project 971 - taxane ah oo multi-Ujeedada quusta nuclear: sooc
Quusta ay muddo dheer ciidamada weerarka ugu waaweyn ee raxan iyo hab ah si ay uga hortagaan cadowga iman kara. Sababta waa mid fudud, oo sidayaal diyaaradaha, dalkeena ayaa taariikh ahaan aan horumariyo, laakiin gantaallo ka hoos biyo rasaas, ayaa la hubaa inay ku dhacay mar kasta on dunida dacaladeeda. Taasi waa sababta oo xataa Midowga Soofiyeeti ku lifaaqan muhiimadda ugu weyn ee horumarinta iyo abuuridda of noocyo cusub oo quusta. Isla mar, horumar degdeg ah dhabta ahaa 971 mashruuca, kaas oo abuuray multi-Ujeedada baabuurta low-buuqa.
New "Pike"
Marka la barbardhigo ah "awowayaashiis" ee qoyska 945, 971 mashruuca, ee soo jeedinaya of injineero ka Komsomolsk-on-Amur, ma waxaa loo isticmaali doonaa in wax soo saarka ee guryo titanium. Tani waxa ay ahayd ma aha oo kaliya in qiimaha aad u weyn iyo yaraanta birta this, laakiin iyadoo ay wayn ee isaga la shaqo sabab. Dhab ahaantii jiid mashruuca noocan oo kale ah ay kari karin oo kaliya "Sevmash", kuwaas oo xoog iyo sidaasaa loo buuxda u raran. kaydka ayaa horey u soo diray set ugu horeysay ... sida sirdoonka la siiyey warbixin ku saabsan Maraykanka nooca gujis cusub ee "Los Angeles." Sababtoo ah ee mashruucan 971 ayaa loola cararay dhamaystirka.
Horeba 1980 waxaa la dhameystiray. Muuqaal kale oo ka mid ah "Pike" cusub oo ahaa in inta badan shaqada ay design iyo abuurka la sameeyay in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Ka hor inta Shipyards Pacific ku jiray booska uu ka "la xiriirta saboolka ah" oo waxay u adeegeen oo kaliya shaqada, Adoonkana addoon.
Sifooyinka kale ee mashruuca
Dad yar ogaadaan xaqiiqda taariikheed, laakiin bilowga ah ee 80s ee dalka iibsaday alaabooyin Japan Toshiba - gaar ahaan qalabka mashiinka sax ah, waayo, shaqo bir, taas oo loo ogol yahay in ay sameeyaan boolal cusub, soo saara sanqadhii yaraan. macaamil laftiisu ahaa qarsoodi top, laakiin Maraykanka, wakhtigaas shiidaa "qabsado" Japan dhow isla markiiba ka bartay oo ku saabsan. Sidaas darteed, shirkadda "Toshiba" xitaa ka yar cunaqabatayn dhaqaale yimid.
Magacaabidda quusta cusub
quusta New ay awoodaan in ay ku filan la kulmo kooxaha, sida yaabeen hubka shaqo joojin iyo in ay kala duwanaanta xitaa moremanov Marexaan. Waxa ugu waa in "Pike-B" wuxuu lahaa inuu baabbi'iyo maraakiibta dusha iyo quusta, si uu u hoggaamiyo dejinta ee miinooyinka, sameeyaan ilaalayn iyo kumaandooska weerarada inay ka qayb qaataan hawlaha gaarka ah ... In gaaban, sameeyo wax kasta oo ay qiil sharaxaad ka mid ah "gujis multi-ujeeddo mashruuca 971" Schuka- B "".
xalal hal abuur iyo fikrado
Sida aan ku sheegay, design asalka ah ee quusta ah ee noocan ah u lahaa in ay si weyn u qabsato. The dhibic daciif ah oo kaliya ee quusta our barbardhigo dhigooda American ahaa la'aanta ah ee adag shaandhaynta qaylada digital. Laakiin guud ahaan, astaamaha cusub dagaalka "Pike" ay wali si xoogan u -Arday. Tusaale ahaan, on hubka ay ahaayeen "rummaanka," ayuu gantaalaha anti-markab dambeeyay in loo ogol yahay haddii loo baahdo in dhuuban baxay inta badan wax kasta oo isutagga badda-biyo kor ku xusan.
Laakiin ka dib "dhamaystirka file a" 1980 "Pike" Weli helay go'an of processing digital "sagarooyinka 3" faragelin, iyo sidoo kale habka ugu dambeeyay hanuun in la adeegsado oo ka mid ah gantaalaha ugu horumarsan. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee ay gaartay ku qalabaynta guud ahaan qalab iyo la dagaalanka by gacanta, hubka, waxaa ballaaran hirgeliyo design ee kaabsal gaar ah pop-up badbaadinta markabka oo dhan, kaas oo si guul tijaabiyey by kale "Barracuda."
Tilmaamo design
Sidee loo maareeyo aad si loo yareeyo heerka qaylada?
Intaa waxaa dheer in ay boolal gaar ah, oo aannu si joogta ah u soo sheegnay, aan u isticmaalno nidaamka cushioning gaar ah. Waa midda koowaade, hababka oo dhan waxa loo xiraa on "aasaas" gaar ah. Marka labaad, block zone kasta wuxuu leeyahay hab kale oo qiimo dhaca. Nidaamka noocan oo kale ah waa suurto gal ma aha oo kaliya si aad loogu yareeyo xaddiga buuqa ee ka gujis ah, laakiin sidoo kale in dheeraad ah saamaynta ilaaliyo baabuurta markabka iyo gujis ee hirarka lama filaan ah ee ay qaraxyo ah lagu eedeeyay qoto dheer. Sidaas oo raxan, quusta, kaas oo had iyo jeer ahaayeen ciidanka shaqo joojin ugu weyn wuxuu ahaa awood badan "muran" si looga hortago cadowga ka iman kara.
Like dhan quusta casriga ah "Pike" yeelatay guushu la ruxmadaa fiican Boole, kaas oo ku yaala nidaamka radar antenna ku jiiday. ruxmadaa Feature doonniyihii waxay tahay in la sameeyo sidii ay ahaayeen hal hay'ad ah waxyaabaha awoodda jidhka ugu weyn. Waxaas oo dhan waxaa loo sameeyaa si loo yareeyo tirada qalloocinaya suurto gal. Arintaan muujiyaan karaa weel cadowga hydroacousticians soo socda. Talaabooyinkani waxay dhaleen midhaha xalaal "Pike ah" waxaa loo tixgeliyaa weelashii quuska ugu inconspicuous taariikhda.
The cabbir ah gujis iyo shaqaalaha
barakac dusha markabka uu yahay 8140 tons, quuska - 10.5 kun oo metric. inta ugu badan ee godka waa 110,3 m, width ugu badan oo ah 13.6 m. dadajin Celceliska on dusha u dhow toban mitir.
Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in tiro la isticmaalay noocyo kala duwan oo xal waayo, waxaa gacanta ku qalabaynta adag in design ah ee doonnida, shaqaalihii markabka ayaa la dhimay ilaa 73 qof, iyadoo US 143 shaqaale ah (on the "Los Angeles") marka la barbar dhigo. Haddii aan is barbar "Pike" cusub kala duwanaansho hore ee qoyska this, waxaa la si weyn u soo hagaagtay ku nool iyo xaaladda shaqaalaha ka shaqeeya. By yareynta tirada dambe ee waxa ay sidoo kale waa fursad ay dadka dhig labo ka mid ah talgaley ugu ilaaliyo (deggan yahay).
warshad koronto
Means ah ogaanshaha maraakiibta cadowga
highlight dhabta ah ee cusub "Pike" waa adag MGK-540 "Skat-3". Isagu ma shaandhayn kartaa oo keliya ka soo faragelin ah, laakiin sidoo kale si madax banaan u tilmaantid ka propellers markabka kasta oo sita buuq. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, "jiirada" waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida SOONAARKA a caadiga ah marka la kaadinayo fairways aqoon. kala duwan ee la ogaado ee quusta cadowga ayaa saddex marka loo eego kuwii horay u quusta. Intaa waxaa dheer, ee "jiirada" inta ka dhaqso go'aamiso ujeeddooyinka sifooyinka doondooneen oo soo saarka wakhtiga xiriir Saadaasha.
Muuqaalka gaar ah ee gujis mid ka mid ah Project 971 waa in la soo dajiyo, jidaynayey si loo ogaado markab dushiisa kasta oo iyaga ka baxo on dib. qalabka xisaabi radiating isaga ka hirarka, xitaa dhowr saacadood ka dib markii marinka ee weel in this square, taas oo ka dhigaysa waxaa suurto gal ah kooxaha qarsoodi markab ee cadowga raadraaca in ka kaxayntu ay ammaan iyaga ka mid ah.
Sifooyinka hubka
Ciidamada ugu weyn ee weerarka waa afar gantaal-toorbiidyo 533 mm mashiinka heerkiisa. Laakiin eegno kale oo badan cajiib ah tan iyo intii afar goobaha booskan 650 mm TA. Total on board-gujiska noqon kartaa ilaa 40 gantaal iyo / ama torpedoes. "Pike" dab karo gantaalaha "Granat", iyo sidoo kale "squalls" waa si isku mid wax ku ool ah in biyaha quuska iyo wixii ka sareeya. Dabcan, waxaa suurtagal ah in laga bilaabo tuubooyinka toorbiidyo miinooyinka si toos ah in ay naftaada ku riday meel toogashada ku soo gani torpedoes iyo wax soo saarka caadiga ah.
Intaa waxaa dheer, iyadoo la isticmaalayo gujis this lagu hagaajin karo iyo keeye caadiga ah. Sidaas kala duwan ee hubka waa mid aad u ballaaran. Marka bilaabay gantaalaha, iyagoo Hanuun iyo taageero ka dhacay hab si buuxda automatic, ma weecinayo dareenka markabka ka fulinaya hawlgallada kale. Waxaa hoogtay, 1989, ka dib markii ay aad u allifey oo heshiisyo dalka our leh Maraykanka, quusta of Project 971 yaalaan on waajib military oo aan ka "rummaanka" iyo "dabaysha cirwareenta ah", sida kuwan adeegsanayo burburinta qaadi karaan warhead a nuclear.
muhiimadda "Pike" for Dhismaha maraakiibta qoyska
Horeba inta lagu guda jiro baaritaan ugu horeysay ee ragga baxriyiinta ah iyo xubno ka tirsan wasaaradda gaashaandhigga ayaa lagu farxay sida buuq yar yahay soo baxday in gujis ah. Natiijooyinkaasi waxay ahaayeen si wanaagsan in ay ogol yahay in ay si kalsooni leh oo ku saabsan bixitaanka of Dhismaha maraakiibta ee Soviet heer cusub hadlaan. Iyada oo ay taasi soo baxay arrin sida ay taliyeyaasha ciidamada reer galbeedka, kuwaas oo loo aqoonsan yahay ee "Pike" class cusub oo hub iyo iyaga loo xilsaaray in ay cipher Akula ah.
Sababo la sifooyinka quusta of Project 971 ay u safri karaan daafaca antisubmarine qoto dheer qalabaysan hab caadiga ah ee la ogaado loomana baahno. Marka la eego hubka awood badan, gujis si fiican u istaagi kara ilaa naftooda, xitaa haddii ay la ogaado.
Xitaa degaanka ee xukunka quusta cadowga waa xasilloon oo inconspicuous design 971 waxay sababi kartaa khasaare badan cadowga in, ilaa duqeyn ujeeddooyinka xeebta ah ee burburinta nuclear. "Schukam" arrin ku saabsan maraakiibta dusha garabka iyo quusta, iyo sidoo kale burburinta xarumaha taliska istaraatiiji ah oo muhiim ah, xataa haddii uu ku yaalaa meel fog ka zone xeebta.
Taasoo la micno ah "Pike-B" Mashruucan u ah dalka
dhalashada ee gujis nuclear mashruuca 971 ayaa wareersan kaararka oo dhan in Americans. Ka hor inta in, ay ku habboonayn in la rumaysan yahay in ay dusha weerar ciidamada ugu awooda badan ee dunida, iyo raxan ah Soviet, kaas oo lahaa doonniyo dusha si weyn u yar, khubaro ay kaalinta quruxsan hooseeyo. "Pike" ayaa sidoo kale u tageen inay heer cusub oo play. Waxay ku shaqayn karaa nabad xitaa qoto dheer ka dambeeya khadadka cadowga, waxay daba socdeen khadka ASW. In the case of dagaal-buuxa ka dhanka ah weerar nuclear ka biyo tahay mid nabdoon, xarunta taliska jirin, oo keliya goynta-buuxa oo badda dariiqyada iyo inaan laga hadlin.
Kasta oo cadow ku iman kara weerar in xaaladahan beddelay cayaar analog ku jiifo ah, oo kaliya aad ilowdo karo oo ku saabsan weerar lama filaan ah. hoggaanka Maraykanka "Pike" (gaar ahaan la casriyeeyay) waa si adag uga walaacsan. Horeba 2000, ay si joogta ah isku dayeen in ay jebiyaan sharciga heshiiska ka mid ah xayiraad xoog leh ay isticmaalka, laakiin danaha Russia ee heshiisyada sida "guul" aan haysan.
Bedelida iyo horumarinta dheeraad ah oo mashruuca
Waxa uu si weyn u bedelay oo warshad koronto ka, kaas oo cunaa ah model nuclear-OK-650B3. isbedel ayaa waxa ay ku cad in maraakiibtooda quusta weerar nuclear cusub ee warbaahinta shisheeye markiiba christened soo hagaagaya Akula. Sida laga soo xigtay mashruuca la mid ah waxaan ku jiray si ay u dhisaan afar quusta, laakiin ugu danbeyn shipyards ah ayaa waxaa la aasaasay iyo abuuray oo keliya laba ka mid ah. The ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah, K-335 "haramcad" la dhisay guud ahaan mashaariicda gaarka ah 971M, kaas oo ku lug leh isticmaalka guulihii ugu dambeeyay ee design ee warshadaha elektarooniga ah.
doon Tani noqday guud, ayaa baxriyiintii galbeedka loo yaqaan Akula II, tan iyo markii ay ka duwan salka mashruuca ayaa la foorariyay. The gujis labaad diiqid, iyadu K-152 "Nerpa", sidoo kale abuuray by mashruuc gaar ah 971I, asal ahaan loogu tala galay heshiiska ee Navy Hindiya. Asal ahaan, "Khatimidii" waa ka "walaalo" buux elektaroonik ah ugu fududeeyay, taas oo ah ma jiraan qaybo ka mid qarsoodi ah oo kala duwan.
Isbaddel The qarniyada
Markii hore, dhammaan doomaha ee taxanahan lahaa index oo kaliya, ma loogu yeero magacyada saxda ah. Laakiin sanadkii 1990, ka-K 317 ayaa loo magacaabay "Panther." Waxaa la siiyey in sharaf of gujis weli waa Empire Ruushka, kaas oo la furay dagaalka hore. In mustaqbalka, "gabar dhalashadiisa" noqday gujis ah "Tiger" Mashruucan 971. Si dhakhso ah, oo dhan quusta ah ee qoyska this sidoo kale heshay magacyada iyaga u gaar ah, ka wadaagaan tilmaamood maraakiibta, hore qayb ka mid ah ka Imperial iyo Soviet Navy. marka laga reebo kaliya waa Project 971, "Kuzbass". Markii hore, markabka waxaa la odhan jiray "maroodi badeed The". Marka hore waxaa loo magacaabay in sharaf of mid ka mid ah maraakiibtooda quusta ugu horeysay ee Empire ah, laakiin ka go'dayna waxay dambe siiyo baxriyada Soviet.
Laakiin waxa ay noqotay gujis ugu muhiimsan ee soo saaray at Sevmash. Waxay taxane dhammuna wuxuu ahaa code-magacaabay "Leopard." Waayo, mashruucan waxaan ka helnay oo dhan quusta ah ee galbeed ee naaneesta "cat."
"Shaqada Poluboevaya '
Inta lagu guda jiro gardarada NATO ee ka dhanka ah Serbia sanadkii 1996, K-461 "Wolf" ayaa waday on waajib dagaalka ee badda Mediterranean ka. hydroacoustics American ay awoodaan in ay u tilmaantid halka ay taalo inta lagu guda jiro marinka ee ku Strait of Gibraltar, laakiin kala duwan ay awoodaan in ay iyaga ka soo fogaadeen. Dib-u-ogaado "Wolf" suurto gal ahayd si toos ah oo kaliya xeebta ee Yugoslavia. In ilaalinta dagaalkan gujis daboolay xambaara dayuuradaha gudaha "Admiral Kuznetsov" ka iman kara falalka gardarada ah ee "la-hawlgalayaasha Western". Isla mar ahaantaana, "Wolf" qabatay statistics soo dhaadacday oo lix quusta NATO, oo ay ku jiraan mid ka mid doon ahaa "tartamaya" Type "Los Angeles."
Isla sannadkaas, mid kale "Pike-B," oo ku hoos jira amarka A. V. Burilichev, wuxuu fuliyay waajibaad dagaal oo ka dhexjiray biyaha Atlantic. Halkaas, shaqaaluhu waxay soo arkeen Ciidamada Bada ee US Navy SSBN, ka dibna waxay si qarsoodi ah ula socdeen markabka inta ay socotay digniinaha dagaalka. Haddii arrintu ay ku jirtay xaalad dagaal ah, gantaalaha maraykanku maraykanku wuu aadi lahaa. Amarku wuxuu fahamsanaa dhammaan arrimahan, sidaas darteed Burilichev markiiba ka dib markii "safar ganacsi" ayaa la siiyay magaca Hiro ee Ruushka. Tani waa calaamad muujinaysa tayada dagaal ee sarreeya iyo xajmiga doonnida mashruuca 971.
Ku saabsan kiisaska appendisitis ee badda ...
Dhammaadkii bishii Febraayo ee isla sanadkaas, 1996, wax-ka-qabashad ayaa ka dhacday guud ahaan. Kadibna waxay qabsadeen layliyo ballaaran oo ka yimid NATO. Amarka maraakiibta dagaalka ee Antisubmarine oo kaliya ayaa ku guuleystay in ay la xiriiraan taliska iyo warbixinta ku saabsan maqnaanshaha cadawga laga yaabo in ay hoos u dhacaan kolonyada kolonyada ... dhowr daqiiqo ka dib taliyaha ciidanka badda ee Ruushka ayaa la xiriiray maraakiibta Britishka. Oo markiiba, ka hor intaan la dhoofin badmaaxiinta Britishka, kuwa aadka loo yaqaan "dambiilaha" ayaa soo baxay.
Shaqaalihii saarnaa ayaa sheegay in mid ka mid ah xeebaha ay ku jiraan xaalad halis ah sababtoo ah cagaf-beelka qarxa. Marka la eego shuruudaha badmaaxiinta, guusha howlgalku looma balan qaadin, sidaas darteed kabtanku wuxuu sameeyey go'aan aan horay loo arag oo loola jeedo in lala xiriiro khilaafka ajnabiga ah. Bukaanka ayaa si deg-deg ah ugu qulqulay helicoptar Ingiriis ah waxaana loo diray cusbitaal. Maxay dareentay waqtigan xaadirka ah badmaaxiinta Ingiriiska, oo hadda uun ka warramay maqnaanshaha cadawga adduunka, way adag tahay in la qiyaaso. Waa maxay xitaa xiiso leh, ma aysan saxiixi karin doontii Project 971 ee taxanihii hore! Tan iyo markaas, "ayuu Shark" Mashruucan 971 jecel yahay ixtiraam weyn ee Navy Royal.
Xaaladda hadda jirta
Currently, oo dhan quusta ee taxanahan ku jira safafka, adeegaya ee Pacific iyo Northern Fleets. "Nerpa" kor ku xusan waxay ku jirtaa adeegga Badda Hindiya iyo, shuruudaha qandaraaska, waxay joogi doonaan illaa 2018. Waxaa suurtogal ah in markaa kadib Hindisku ay doorbidaan in ay kordhiyaan heshiiska, maaddaama ay aad u qadariyaan tayada dagaalka ee reer galbeedka Ruushka.
Maanta, markii filimku bilawday inuu si tartiib tartiib ah dib ugu soo noqdo ka dib 1990-maadkii, waxaa jira mar horeba hadal ah in hal-abuurka shanaad ee nukliyeerka nukliyeerka ah uu ku saleysnaado horumarinta mashruuca 971, maadaama maraakiibta taxanahan ay si joogta ah u cadeeyeen rajadooda. Naftooda "Pikes" waxay u dhigantaa xudduudkooda ayadoo la raacayo jiilka afaraad. Xaqiijinta aan tooska ahayn ee tani waa xaqiiqda ah inay si isdaba joog ah u khiyaameeyaan nidaamka sonkorowga SOSUS, oo mar keliya abuuray dhibaatooyin badan oo loogu talogalay badmaaxiinta reer Soviet.
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