Nikolai Maclay: Biography gaaban

"Waad ugu horreeyey ... aannu la xaqiijiyey in meel walba nin" - erayadan of L. N. Tolstoy mar ka hadlay saynisyahan kuwa aad u yar Nikolai Maclay Miklouho-. Biography The of this socotada caanka ah waa sidaas oo kale oo xiiso leh, in la akhriyo ka mid ah neefta. La yaab ma laha waxa badanaa ku martiqaaday in ay maxkamadda boqornimada, si ayuu u sheegay qoyska Imperial ee uu noloshiisa ka mid ah aborigines ee New Guinea.

Maclay: Biography A (qoyska iyo carruurta)

Mustaqbalka socotada caan ah iyo ethnographer ku dhashay July 17, 1846 tuulada gobolka Novgorod Afafka, ee sharaf leh qoyska. Tobankii sano ee soo socda isaga iyo hooyadiis, iyo walaalaha ayaa inta badan ka soo dhaqaaqay meel meel, aabbihiis, oo ahaa Injineer tareen soo socda. Dhamaadkii 1856 madaxa qoyska ayaa loo magacaabay madaxa dhismaha jid Vyborg. By markii ugu Nicholas Maclay Sr. hore u ahaa si xun u xanuunsan qaaxada, laakiin doondoono dhigay in ay ka shaqeeyaan shaqo cusub. Tani waxay ugu dambeyntii Ahaysiinay uu caafimaadka, iyo sannad ka dib uu ku geeriyooday da'da 41 sano.

Tan iyo kaydka qoyska ayaa maal equities, iyo carmalka ka dhigay nolol by maps barbaro, waxay awooday inay carruurta siiyaan waxbarasho wanaagsan, Yeedha macalimiinta in ay guriga. xataa iyaga Waxay kiraystay macalinka farshaxanka ah oo furay Nikolai awoodda farshaxanka.

Study in dugsiga sare

Nikolai Maclay, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa ka buuxa dhacdooyin xiiso leh, in 1858, wada jir ah ula walaalkiis weynaa Sergei la ansixiyay fasalka saddexaad ee dugsiga "Annenschule". Si dhakhso ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wiilasha baryay hooyadeed si ay u turjum gymnasium dayaca ah. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, oo carmallada u gudbiyay codsi ah ee gelitaanka wiilashii abtirsan in, iyadoo la raacayo darajo of ninkeedii soo daahay, in la siiyo xaq noocan oo kale ah.

Dugsiga Sare Second Petersburg Nikolay Mikluha bartay aad u xun oo inta badan goo. Sidaas darteed, waa dhib weyn, oo uu ku wareejiyay Class 5.

At 15 jir, intii lagu jiray mudaaharaad arday Nikolai ayaa la xiray, oo ay la socdaan iskuul kale oo uu walaalkiis Sergei xabsi ee Peter iyo Paul qalcadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii dhawr maalmood ah dhallinyarada la sii daayay, sida Guddiga oo Wax soo baara loo arkaa in ay la soo xiray si qalad ah.

Waxbarashada Jaamacadda

In xagaagii 1863, Nicholas tagay gymnasium ah. Waxa uu sheegay inuu doonayo inuu ka gala Academy of Arts, laakiin hooyadeed kara inuu isaga la hadal ka soo baxay.

Bishii September 1863 nin dhallinyaro ah soo biiray iskaa wax u qabso ah oo ka tirsan jaamacadda Moscow ee Physics iyo Xisaabta waxa suurto gal ahayd xitaa aan dukumenti si loo soo afjaro Dabcan gymnasium ah. Waxaa uu ka shaqeeyay cilmiga adag dabiiciga ah, oo ay ku jirto jirka.

Inta lagu jiro kulannada jaamacadda, ee lagu qabtay 1864, Nicholas isku dayeen in ay qabtaan dhismaha uu fasalka ugu gymnasium ah Sufschinskogo. Waxay la xiray maamulka, iyo wiilka ka dhigata fasalada mamnuucay.

Marka u caddaatay in Nicholas awoodaan si ay u helaan waxbarashada sare ee Russia ma noqon doono, hooyada ku heshiiyeen in ay soo diri wiilka inaad wax ka barato dibadda ee Germany. Ka dib markii dhibtani dheer, Ninkii dhallintayaraa ee suurtagashay in ay hesho baasaboor iyo safraan dibadda ee April 1864.

Nolosha Germany

Nikolai Maclay (Biography ah saynisyahan ku celceliyeen beddelo inta lagu jiro xilligii Soviet) ka dib markii gelitaanka jaamacadda Heidelberg uu ku lug lahaa khilaafaadka siyaasadeed ee u dhexeeya, halkaas ardayda kulliyadda Ruush la xidhiidha views kala duwan ee kacdoonka reer Poland. Oo hooyadiis uu isku dayayo inuu ka dhaadhiciyo inuu sii joogo oo uu ina ka siyaasada iska waxayna ku noqon injineer wanaagsan. Lid ku ah rabitaanka dhallinyaro ah, oo ay la socdaan muxaadarooyin ku saabsan xisaabta, wuxuu bilaabay dhigata fasallada barashada cilmiga bulshada.

In xagaagii 1865 Nicholas Maclay wareejiyo (Biography nin dhallinyaro ah oo la yaqaan fiican), Jaamacadda Leipzig. Waxaa, uu ku biiray kuliyadda, halkaas oo maareeyayaasha tababaran oo duurka ku ah beeraha iyo dhirta.

Ka dib markii la dhageysto waxaa sannadkii 4aad, intuu ku socday inuu Jena oo ku biiray Kuliyada ee Medicine, halkaas oo uu ka bartay muddo 3 sano ah.

duulaan The in Islands Canary ah

In guga ee 1866, agaasimaha cilmi ah ee Nikolai E. Haeckel go'aansadeen in ay soo booqdaan Sicily iyadoo ujeedada waxbarashada ku dubato ee Mediterranean oo isaga lagu casuumay in ay soo booqdaan uu ardaygu ugu jecel yahay iyo ku xigeenka. Dagaalka ku qasbay inay bedesho wadada, oo ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ee England, halkaasoo uu kula kulmay by Darwin qudhiisa. Markaas ka qaybgalayaasha duulaan ka dhoofeen Madeira ka dibna si Santa Cruz jasiiradda of Tenerife.

Dadweynaha maxalliga ah ayaa qaaday saynisyahano, waayo, saaxiriinta. Marka la dhameeyo of koox saynisyahano, kaas oo ka mid ahaa iyo Maclay, gaadhay Morocco. Waxaa, Nikolai ahayd inaad wax ka barato nolosha Berbers ah oo ku soo laabtay Jena ee May 1867.

hawlaha sayniska

In Jena NN Maclay (Biography in dhalinyarada kor ku soo bandhigay) mar kale ahaa ku xigeenka Haeckel. In xagaagii 1867, uu daabacay uu article cilmiyeed ugu horeysay ee "Journal of daawo Jena iyo cilmiga dabiiciga ah." Waxaa la saxiixay "Maclay".

Sannad ka dib, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo ka qalin jabiyay Kuliyadda Caafimaadka ee Jaamacadda Jena ayaa ka qayb qaatay shaqada sayniska. In mid ka mid ah articles uu, uu u hormarsataan la xiqiijiyay in horumar waa kala a, E. guurka ka warqadda asalka ah ee u shaqeeyo nool si ay noocyada kale ee ie., Laakiin daruuri ma aha meelaha ugu sarreeya.

duulaan si ay Italy iyo Badda Cas

Ka dib markii fashilka tijaabooyinkii badan oo xubin ka mid ah duulaan ku kala horjeeda Maclay (Biography of sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa hoos lagu soo bandhigay) noqdaan baxay inuu Sicily iyadoo xayawaan Anton Dohrn-Darwinist.

In Italy, sahamisa caanka mustaqbalka bartay of dhamaystirka dhismaha Suez Canal , oo ay go'aansatay in ay bartaan dubato Badda Cas.

Ka dib booqasho uu ku tagay Masar, halkaas oo uu heshiis weyn oo cilmi-baaris ku qaatay, saynisyahan u soo baxeen inay Russia, halkaas oo uu ku yimid xagaagii 1869.

U diyaar garowga duulaan ugu horeeyay ee New Guinea

Wajahay qaraabada wakhtigaas noolaa Saratov, Nikolai Maclay (Biography ah saynisyahan ayaa waxaa goor dambe lagu turjumay luqado badan) ayaan u tegey caasimadda iyo ka hadlay dhowr shirarka cilmiyeed. Si dhakhso ah, oo uu ku aqbalay galay madaxda sare ee Society Ruushka dhuleed oo ansixiyay qabyo ah duulaan oo uu soo gudbiyey on Badweynta Pacific.

May 21, 1870 Wasiirka Marine Crabbe ayaa sheegay inuu helay ogolaanshaha inay gaarsiiyaan Maclay ugu sareeya ee Batavia on Corvette ah "Vityaz".

Maclay Nikolai: Biography kooban oo muddo nolosha jasiiradaha ee Badweynta Pacific

Departure ah "Vityaz" ayaa waxaa lagu qabtay November 8, 1870. In Brazil, Maclay halka booqday isbitaal maxalli ah oo ahayd tii u doonanayd in kiiyoo kormeerka ee labada jinsiba.

July 21, "Knight The" gaaray Tahiti. On jasiiradda Maclay iibsaday Calico cas, cirbadaha, garbaha, saabuun, iyo ka Jossan kiniisaddu helay hadiyado.

Markaas socotada waxay tageen Apia, halkaas oo soo kiraysteen laba addoommadiisii: badmaaxa ka Sweden Olsen iyo hooyo dhallinyarada ee Klitschko. Laba bilood ka dib, saynisyahan a iyo caawiyeyaashiisa ayaa gaaray caga kama dambaysta ah ee ay safarka. Maclay (Biography kooban oo cilmiga sida sheeko tuurnimo) degay la caawiyayaashiisa oo booqday tuulada. Dhamaan dadka deegaanka u gurtay Cidhibtiisa, laakiin Papuan magacaabay Tui kuwa mustaqbalka noqday dhexaadin u dhexeeya xubno ka mid ah duulaan iyo barbariyiintiina.

Bilihii ugu horeeyay ee barbariyiintiina loola dhaqmo dadka cusub ee warily, laakiin 1872 Maclay (Biography gaaban oo aan ku siin karaan sawir buuxa ee uu noloshiisa, full of quudhin) waxaa la ansixiyay iyaga by sida saaxiib.

Baadh aagga nin socdaal ah oo magiciisiina waxay u bixisay. Sidaas on map dunida muuqday Coast Maclay.

safarka labaad ee New Guinea

December 24 markab "sumurud" ah saynisyahan a tagay New Guinea. Muddo ka dib ayuu u Hong Kong, halkaas oo uu ka bartay oo ku saabsan cilmi-eedeynayo ammaan Papuans yimid. Ka dib markii Safaro Batavia Maclay tegey on duulaan labaad Papuans iyo ka degay Ambon, January 2, 1874tii. Waxaa uu bilaabay inuu la slavers dagaalamaan.

In May 1875 cilmiga warqad u Emperor Alexander II qoray codsi ah in la qaato hoos ilaalinta aborigines ee New Guinea, oo helay jawaab diidmo ah.

Ka dib markii 17 bilood jasiiradda, Maclay u tageen inay Australia. Waxaa Miklouho- Maclay u suurtagashay in ay xiiso maamulka mashruuca ururka idaacadda maxaliga ah ee noolaha ee Watsons Bay ee Bay. Tan iyo markii ay macquul ma ahan in ay soo ururiyaan lacagta loo baahan yahay, saynisyahan mar kale u tageen inay South Badaha.

In Melanesia

Bilowga ee 1880 socotada ku degay jasiiradaha Louisiade ah, laakiin waxaa jira qandaraas qandho iyo waxaa la mucjisooyin badbaadiyay adeegayaashan u kaxeeyeen Brisbane. Sannad ka dib Maclay soo laabtay Sydney iyo madax Marine Biological Station ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagu wuxuu sameeyey uu ugu fiican si loo ilaaliyo dadka ku nool New Guinea. Gaar ahaan, uu faragelinta ka xasuuqii tuulada Aboriginal, meel u dhow kaas oo saddex adeegayaashan ayaa lagu dilay badbaadiyey.

Ku soo noqoshada Russia, iyo safarka Europe

Sydney Maclay (Biography kooban oo cilmiga ah kuma jiraan macluumaad ku saabsan romances soo Dagdagaysa) la kulmay carmalka Margaret Robertson Clark leh - gabadhii ah saraakiisha gumaystaha muhiim ah, kaasoo uu kula kor ku dhuftay hindiga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu lahaa inuu ka tago gabadha dhalinyarada ah oo ku soo celi Russia, halkaas oo uu soo gaaray bishii Janaayo 1882. Waxaa uu adeegi jiray iyo sugid, oo muxaadarooyin ahaayeen guul weyn. Intaa waxaa dheer, qofka socotada ah ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in Alexander III, kuwaas oo degeen dhibaatooyin dhaqaale uu.

caafimaadka sii xumaanaya keentay Maclay si ay u tagaan, waayo, daaweynta ee Europe. Intii lagu guda jiray safarka, in uu helay warqad ka socota Margaret Clark, taas oo siisay ogolaansho in guurka la cilmiga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, halkii ay ka tagaan si ay u jecel, saynisyahan a for markii saddexaad oo booqday New Guinea. Waxaa uu wada ceeboobeen, sida badan oo ka mid ah asxaabta uu ku dhintay Papuans. Maclay degay Bong dalagyo ku beeritaan - canbaha, breadfruit, orange, liin iyo kala hufaya miraha bunka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo codsiyada ka Papuans ah, ayuu iyagii kaga tegey, isagoo balanqaaday inuu ku soo laabto.

guurka

June 10, 1883kii Nicholas Maclay soo laabtay Sydney iyo si wax looga qabto dhibaatooyinka la xiriira gabagabeeyo guurka ka dhexeeya isaga iyo Protestant Clark ah. February 27, 1884 ay is qabaan, iyo curadkiisii wuxuu ku dhashay November - ina Alexander.

Ku noqo Russia, iyo dhimasho

Ka dib markii la helo si loogu sii daayo dhismaha Biological Station Maclay go'aansaday inuu ku laabto dalkiisa iyo gaaray Odessa bartamihii guga-1886. The saynisyahano Ruush ah ayaa isku dayay in ay fuliyaan urur oo ka mid ah deegaanada dib u dejinta mashruuca on Coast Maclay ah, laakiin qorshihiisa tegey faraha.

In 1887, caafimaadka socotada caanka ah ee ka sii dartay. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay keenaan qoyska ee Russia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cudurka (sida soo baxay kansarka), gudubtay, iyo April 1988 Nicholas Maclay (Biography kooban oo aad ogtahay) ku dhintay.

aaska

In safarka ee la soo dhaafay socotada qaatay saynisyahano badan oo caan ah oo ka mid ah wakhtiga iyo xubno ka mid ah bulshada reer Russia dhuleed. Maclay waxaa lagu aasay qabuuraha Volkov ee soo socota si ay aabbihiis iyo walaashay Olga uu.

Hadda oo aad ogtahay kuwa Nikolai Maclay ah. Biography Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee ninka, xataa foomka Tifaftirayaasha qaadataa badan oo pages, sida uu nolosha ku noolaa, waa cajiib hodan ku biimayn.