Nidaamka IMF iyo xubno ay.

Si aad u taariikhda, ma jiro ee gobolka sharci ee dunida ma jiri karo iyada oo aan nidaamka lacagta. nidaamka IMF iyo xubno ay ka yihiin unit ee wareegga lacagta dhaqaalaha gudaha ee dalka, kaas oo la sameeyay intii lagu jiray shan qarni taariikhda la ansixiyo ku xiga ee sharciga dowladda qaran. Farqiga ugu muhiimsan ee u dhexeeya nidaamka lacageed ee dalal kala duwan yahay lacagta a universal.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, nidaamka lacagta iyo xubno ay soo sameeyey noocyada habaysan, sidayaal ah kuwaas oo nidaamka lacagta macdan ah, oo ku salaysan lacag dhab ah (lacag, iyo dahab, lacagta qadaadiicda platina, iwm) iyo nidaamka of credit iyo warqad wareegga (lacagta qayb khiyaaneeyey qiimaha calaamad ). Taa baddalkeeda, nooca birta ah ee dhaqaalaha nidaamka caalamiga ah ee ku dhacaa bimetallism iyo monometallism.

Bimetallism lagu gartaa isticmaalka laba heerarka u dhiganta lacag ah - lacag iyo dahab. Noocan ah nidaamka lacagta ku shaqeeya qarniyo XVI-XVIII, halka waxaa jiray coinage free tiro aan xad lahayn lacagta qadaadiicda isticmaalaya laba nooc oo bir. Noocan ah nidaamka lacagta keentay in degidda xaaladda dhaqaale ee suuqa, sababta oo ah isticmaalka laba Biraha sababa degidda siyaasadda qiimaha alaabta iyo adeegyada. Sidaa darteed, in horumarinta shuuciyad, taas oo loo baahan yahay wareegga a lacag deggan, taasoo keentay in hal kala guurka ah si ay monometallism. Monometallism lagu gartaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo keliya biraha (lacag ama dahab ah), sida u dhiganta guud. Iyadoo horumarinta noocan ah monometallism dahab nidaamka lacageed helay isbedel la taaban karo, qaybsan qadaadiic dahab ah, buljoonka iyo heerka sarrifka dahab. Heerka qadaadiic dahab ah waxaa si xor ah loo isticmaalo ee dalka, laakiin waxaa la mamnuucay in ay farriimaha dibadda ganacsi. Dhammaadkii dagaalka adduunka ugu horeysay ee muddo dheer, Heerka this ayaa la baajiyay sababo la xiriira hoos u dhaca ku biro af sabab u ah kharashka ciidamada. On ay bedelay buljoonka dahab iyo heerka sarrifka dahab. Noocyadaas raso sarrifka maldahan for buljoonka dahab ama dhigyo (lacag kaash ah lacagta qalaad), kaas oo lagu badelay karo dahab. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heerarka, kuwaas ayaa la baajiyay ka dib markii xiisadda dhaqaale ee caalamka, taas oo keentay in hordhaca ah ee hal nidaam warqad-credit ee daaweynta. Nidaamkan wuxuu ku salaysan yahay arrinta ee keensatay caadiga ah ee dalka. Nidaamka lacageed ee Germany waa tusaale Ra'iisul horumarka taariikhiga ah ee lacagta wareegga.

nidaamka lacagta International iyo xubno ay la asaasay 1944 at shir of Shirka IMF iyo Financial ee Ururka Qaramada Midoobay ee dalka Mareykanka ee Bretton Woods, halkaas oo waxaa la go'aamiyay inay soo bandhigto Heerka sarrifka dahab inter-state. Waxaa la isku raacay oo go'an xeerarka qaar ka mid ah:

• Gold loo aqoonsaday habka kama dambaysta ah ee xisaabinta u dhexeeya labada dal, fulinta shaqo lacag adduunka, iyo sidoo kale heerka qiimaynta Xoolo bulshada.
• Dollar iyo Pound Sterling - oo ay la socdaan isticmaalka dahab ah ee dhaqaalaha dunida ee lacag US iyo unit British la soo bandhigay.
• Ku xiridda qiimaha suuqa oo dahab ah waxaa la aasaasay oo ku saleysan qiimaha rasmiga ah ee Maraykanka.
• lacagaha National lagu si xor ah ku badelay kartaa dollars in bangiga dhexe ee dalka, ka dibna dahab. sarrifka Taasi waxay keentay in suurtagalnimada ee degsiimooyinka badan u dhaxeeya labada dal.

Sidaas darteed of daciifisa of meel dibadda ee suuqa Maraykanka ay sabab u yaraadan ee kaydka dahabka ee dalka, nidaamka caalamiga ah ee lacagta iyo qaybaha, kaas oo ku salaysan cabbirka ee dollar ah, xanuunsaday kacday. In meel of dollar si lacagta reserve yimid - sumaddii Jarmal, ga JDS, ECU oo yen Japan, iyo qiimaha doolarka oo dahab ah ayaa si rasmi ah u la joojiyay.