MiG-29: sooc. MiG-29: hub ciidan, xawaaraha, sawiro

Suurtagalnimada ee warshadaha difaaca ee USSR ee ku celceliyeen dhayalsan cadowga, sida ku iman kara iyo aad u dhabta ah. Tiro ka mid ah noocyo ka mid ah hubka Soviet for taariikhda dalka ayaa noqday ee caadiga ah ee samaynta ugu horumariyo industrially Maraykanka. Qaar ka mid ah xitaa waxay noqdeen calaamad u ah ciidamada qalabka sida oo ka mid ah USSR iyo Russia cusub. mashiinada ka Nasahanyahay Shpagin iyo Kalashnikov, T-34 iyo T-54 "Katyusha" iyo wax soo saarka kale ee dilaaga Ruush ayaa meel ka durugsan lixaad ee dalka. diyaaradaha dagaalka MiG sidoo kale khuseeyaan Classics hub qoyska.

Taariikhda Design Bureau MiG ee

Design Bureau bilaabay in ay ka shaqeeyaan ka hor dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Injineerada A. I. Mikoyanu (walaalkiis of Stalin ee commissar) iyo M. I. Gurevichu 1940 maamula si ay u abuuraan dagaal weyn, mid ka mid ah dabeecadaha ugu fiican dunida. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa tiro ka mid ah yaraanshaha, laakiin waqtiga imtixaanka loo qaato-off ugu horeysay tan mashiinka xawaaraha khafiifa la contours cayishay la diyaarad kasta oo Germany, UK ama Maraykanka tartami kari wayeen.

KB ayaa had iyo jeer waxay dooneen ma aha oo kaliya in la raaco warshadaha ee diyaaradaha isbeddellada adduunka, laakiin sidoo kale fursad ay ku waydiiso Gaalada. dagaalka ee The jet-soo-saarka ugu horeysay ee USSR, MiG-9, ayaa jawaab u hirgelinta guul diyaaradaha reer galbeedka ee Ciidamada Cirka ee ay fasalka.

Zaman Waxyeelo

yaab xun ee duuliye American ahaa MiG-15 ee sifooyinka xawaaraha iyo dhaqaajinta ka xoogbadan, si wax soo saarka ee darbi ah Northrop iyo saarayaasha kale ka Maraykanka, kuwaas oo la rumaysan yahay farsamooyinka uu la ekaan. In samada dagaal ee Vietnam cadeeyay inuu yahay interceptor fiican MiG-17 iyo MiG-21. Waxaa jiray tusaalayaal kale oo ka mid ah diyaaradaha, MiG-19 iyo MiG-23. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka Israa'iil ee la Masar waajib culus MiG-25 ayaa si joogta ah xad safka hore, samaynta weerarada on Tel Aviv. Oo inkastoo ay ma lahayn wax hub ah, xaqiiqada ah in diyaaradda Soviet duulaya la xisaabtan la'aanta dalka, qalabaysan nidaamka difaaca hawada ugu dambeeyay ee Maraykanka ayaa la xayiray hotheads badan. Tiro ka mid ah dagaal-goboleedka, taas oo MiG diyaaradaha ciidamada Soviet laftiisa tusay at its ugu fiican, waxa uu noqday nooc ka mid ah advertising astaanta ah, damaanad ah tayada iyo hufnaanta ugu sarraysa qalabka military Soviet. boosaska ee dadaalka samaynta ahaa MiG-29. sifooyinka Technical oo ka mid ah dagaal iyo maanta, 37 sano ka dib dhamaadka shaqada design waaweyn arrin buuxiyaan shuruudaha casriga ah ee baabuurta dagaalka ee ay fasalka.

shaqo dowladda ee muhiimka ah

In si demoqaraadiyad ah dabayaaqadii - todobaatanaadkii hore, ee "Ronie" weyn ee Air Force Maraykanka iyo tiro ka mid ah dalalka - cadaawayaashooda ka iman kara ee USSR ah - caanka ku ahaa F-4, "Phantom" of beddelka kala duwan ee shirkadda McDonnell Douglas. Qorshahaa waxa ka mid ah diyaaradaha uu ahaa mid aad loogu guulaystay, waxaa go'aan ka gaari waayay on nooca caalamiga ah ee dhibaatada - ka qabashada dagaalka hawada u Xeelaysanayn in qaraxii iyo gantaalada weerarrada lala beegsado goobaha dhulka. Laakiin waayo-aragnimo ah ee Vietnam iyo Bariga Dhexe ayaa muujisay in ka dhanka ah MiG-21 ee Soviet iyo xataa hore MiG-17 inay la diriraan aawadeed adag. ratio khasaaraha ma ahaa in guushu Maraykanka. Maraykanka ayaa bilaabay shaqo on abuuraya bedelka "Phantom", taas oo keentay in diyaaradaha dagaalka ee F-14 "Tomcat" iyo F-15 "Eagle" ah. Soviet Air Force degdeg loogu baahan yahay casriyeynta ee view of mashaariic muddo dheer saarayaasha diyaaradaha dibadda ay "bisadaha" iyo "ayaa gorgorraduna". KB MiG, dowladda Soviet dhigay bartilmaameed u ah. By dayrta ee 1977 waxaan ahaa diyaar MiG-29 interceptor cusub. noocooda qaadataan-off ka dhacay on October 6. shan sano ka dib, diyaaradaha ayaa la ansixiyay Ciidamada Air ee USSR.

A yar oo ku saabsan muuqaalka

Sanadihii kuwa, xataa muuqaalka kore ee nooc cusub oo ah hub qarsoodi ahaa gobolka. Indeed, xalal badan oo farsamada kacaan, oo ay ku jiraan fikradeed, wuxuu noqday feature a kala duwan ee MiG-29 ah. Photo qasdin daabacay saxaafadda, ama rikoorka duulimaadka mudaaharaad, muujiyeen on telefishanka, keeni kara khabiiro xeryaha colaadeed ee fikirrada line ugu weyn ee warshadaha ee duulista mustaqbalka. Sida laga soo xigtay fikradda ah Designer Taliyaha M. Waldenberg taageeray guulaysato General Artem Mikoyan R. Belyakov, diyaaradda ayaa waxa loogu yeero qaabka circuit dhafan. Taas macnaheedu waa in ka naqshado kala qeybinta duulimaadyada caalamiga diyaaradda iyo sooctey in KB baxeen. airframe oo dhan ka koobnaa gudubka siman, dhula, iyadoo dhinaca gidaarka "classical" kaliya qaansada.

Tallaabooyinka ah in la raaci sirta ma uu taxadar xad-dhaaf ah. Spy on isbeddellada dadka kale oo xirfadlayaal awood kuwa loogu talagalay diyaaradaha MiG. Photo Intake Doorsoome gudbiyo "Phantom", dhigay mid ka mid ah shows hawada, siiyey in uu waqti macluumaad qiimo badan in injineerada our. shirkii A la mid ah waxaa laga codsadaa in ay MiG-23.

warshad koronto iyo tiradaasi oo ka mid ah "dawan"

matoorada diyaaradaha leedahay laba (RD ama RD-PO-ZZK habeyn "M"), waxay ku taala ayaa hoos garabka. Ay wadar ahaan ku riixdaan gaari karaa 16.600 in 17,600 Kn (kgf). Haddii aan xisaabta in miisaankiisu qaadan-off of mishiinka in ka badan 15 metrik, waa ay fududahay in lagu gabagabeeyo in qiimaha dhaafto cutubkan tilmaame riixdaan-miisaanka saamiga. Tani waxa ay noqonaysaa ka dhigan tahay in haddii MiG-29 vertical dhigay iyo ka baxaan qaybaha gaaska meel u dhow xadka, waa in laga lalmiyaa doonaa meel ama badatey oo aan ku wiish garabka. Habkaani farsamo kuu ogolaanaya in aad kaliya ma ahan tuso aerobatics gaar ah oo ku saabsan mudaharaadyo, laakiin sidoo kale waxay leedahay muhiimad la taaban karo oo muhiim ah. Yeerqa shaqeeyaan on mabda'a Doppler iyo raad karaa oo kaliya waxyaabaha dhaqaaqin. Waqtiga fulinta oo ka mid ah "dawan" iyo "Cobra" (kuwaas oo loogu yeero aerobatics inta lagu guda jiro fulinta taas oo ay jirto a "arakayo") xawaaraha diyaaradda MiG-29 waa loo siman yahay si eber, iyo gacanta ah iyo hanuun intaan nidaamka hawada cadowga difaaca mar dambe oo dhan waxa ay u arkaan on screens ay .

"Waafyadu" MiG-29

In dhismaha diyaaradaha, waxaa jira xal kale oo muujin waji cusub xalinta dhibaatooyinka ku cidhiidhinaya. nidaamka propulsion awood badan u baahan tahay wax badan oo hawada, iyo waxa la nuugo galay qaadashada aqbaliddoodii in tiro badan oo ah. Haddii runway la daboolay baraf, waxaa ku jiro ciid (in aan qaar ka mid ah gobollada failed) ama sunta kale, waxa oo dhan ku dhacaa marawaxadaha ah. Waxaa jira siyaabo dhowr ah si ay ula karbaash this ka qabtaan. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa suurtagal ah si loo soo dajiyo filtarrada hawada ee gaariga. Laakiin waxay sidoo kale u muuqdaan in ay is dhaafiyay. Ama xal kale, si ay meel u qaadashada hawada sare. Laakiin tani daciifiyaa guryaha aerodynamic of airframe ah. In the case of the MiG-29 samaynta yeesheen xal aan caadi ahayn oo u gaar ah. qaadashada Air ilaa feedhuhu ee marsho dhulka iyada oo loo marayo deminaya tuubbooyinka hawada dheeraad ah fairing sare xira garabka la sooctey. Waxay ahaayeen laba saf, waxay ku yaalaan symmetrically dhinaca midigta iyo bidixda. Waxaa loo yaqaan "Waafyadu". Marka duushay oo soo degtey oo ka mid ah qaadashada ugu weyn ee hawada ayaa xiran gabi ahaanba, oo kaliya ka dib markii go'an of height shaqo oo ammaan ku filan ay la furo.

hage

Ma aha oo kaliya matoorada awood iyo aerodynamics fiican yahay MiG-29 caanka ah. Caddaymaha, wax kasta oo ay rasprekrasno ahaayeen, ee dagaalka hawada casriga ah ma ballan qaadi guul, haddii duuliyaha aan loogu talagalay xaaladaha ergonomic iyo taageero macluumaad, ku siinayaa go'aan dagdag ah. Weli, qarniga afraad ah in wax waajibaad, gaar ahaan sida ay u dambeeyay ee korantada, naga soo horjeeda tahay ayaa had iyo jeer lagu daaweeyaa dareenka weyn. Xaqiiqada ah in ay sal u ah computer kharashka guddiga Information (this TS100.02-06) iyo barashada Kombiyuutarka Center, ma aha la yaab leh. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee dalka (iyo laga yaabee in dunida) loo isticmaalo qalab badan oo dheeraad ah si loo fududeeyo shaqada ee tijaabada ah. Gaar ahaan, "Natasha" (sida duuliye naaneeso muujinaysa nidaamka cod, dhab ahaantii, tani "diamond-UP"), wacan cod dumar kuu sheegayaa in hab lagu sameeyo la'aanta ah ee height ama xawaaraha, wargelin ku saabsan cadowga, kuwaas oo u yimid in ay dabada, ama wax kale halis, qalad ama xaalad degdeg ah.

control Arms waa mid aad u sahlan. Macluumaadka waxaa lagu qiyaasay gal dhismo glazing muraayda station iyo hab-bartilmaameedka headset dhajinta. Eegay diyaarada, waxaan soo qaatay go'aanka ah in ay weeraraan, riixay Hubaynta badhanka - iyo waxaan u qaadan karnaa in cadowgu ma aha. Kaasi waa inay eegtaa waxay u xun ee duuliye our. Oo haddii wareersan oo laga badiyay orientation da'ayeen, waa okay, riix badhanka kale oo diyaarad laftiisa barbareeyay iyo jar, oo duudduuban.

nidaamka maamulka Electronic

In hage qaybi diyaarad military oo casri ah iyo nidaam ay gacanta hub aad u adag. Haddii aan ogaado xasaasi ah target ka dhanka ah asalka ah oo ka mid ah oogada Dhulka radar maanta ku guuleysto waa wax macquul ah, laakiin qalab this qabata shaqo navigation ah. MiG-29 qalabaysan nooc radar HO-93 oo awood u raaci toban bartilmaameed isku mar. Waa qayb ka mid ah arkidda iyo navigation dhismaha OEPRNK-29, kaas oo u oofin karin khariidaynta degdeg ah, algorithms xisaabi weerarrada lala beegsado ciidamada badda iyo dhulka cadowga waa. In ay halkaas qaab-dhismeedka iyo nidaamka arkidda optronic OEPS-29, marka waxaa laga codsadaa in horumarinta guulihii ugu dambeeyay ee physics galmada. Ujeedada la ogaado oo loo aqoonsaday fogaan ah 35 km (waayo, Dogons) ilaa 75 km (in meel bannaan oo lacag la'aan ah). Guud ahaan, nidaam ay gacanta ku adag, laakiin inkastoo this, waa habboon in la isticmaalo.

biqil?

waayo-aragnimo ee dagaalkii Vietnam muujisay in la gano qaar ka mid ah in is xagxagasho, gaar ahaan maneuverable, waa ay adag tahay. Loo diiday madaafiic "Phantom", Maraykanka ayaa lagu qasbay in ay ku abuurta a weel gaar ah ka ganaaxan, iyadoo qori iyo rasaas. MiG-hubaysan degdeg ah-29 (1500 wareeg daqiiqaddii) GSh-301 stock biyo-qaboojiyey isagoo boqol qolofka (heerkiisa 30 mm).

lix pylons dibadda Jaha baalasheeda hoostooda waxaa loogu talagalay lagu gano. Iyada oo ku xidhan hawsha, ay lagu rakibi karo SD (R-73 ama R-60). Waayo, weerarka diirada dhulka codsan SD nooca X-25M. Habeynta kuwaas oo siyaabo waxaa fuliyay ama signal telefishanka ama dogob laser ah. Ujeedadu mortarro (När ee wargeysyada, qarax) waxaa soo saaray radar. target Marine SD saameeyeen X-29 gantaalaha anti-markab, ama nooca supersonic X-31A, taas oo qaadan karaan MiG-29 ah. daydo hub ciidan sare ee gantaallo dhisay galay design ka mid ah qaybaha ganaax.

Total bambooyin iyo gantaallo ku koobnayn load dagaal ugu badnaan 3 ton (model saldhig) iyo 4, 5 tons (MiG-29).

TTX MiG-29

size Plane iyo miisaanka of dhigooda yar yar American casriga ah, taas oo ka mid ah F-14 ah iyo F-15. Mari baal interceptor Soviet wax yar ka badan 11 mitir (sida "Tomcat" at howlgal ugu badan, iyo "irbad" - 13 m). Length waa 17 mitir oo ay weheliyaan gami cirif-duulimaadka (19 ka dhanka ah mid kasta oo ka mid ah "Americans). MiG-29, kaas oo culeyskiisu yahay 15 tan oo, waa in labada diyaaradood fudud - horjeeda tahay (qiyaastii siddeed iyo toban tan oo kasta). Link laba marawaxadaha ka badan in baabuurta American iyo gaadho 17,600 Kn (14,500 y "Tomcat" iyo in yar oo ah in ka badan 13 kun. The "irbad").

Meesha yar ee garabka (38 sq M..) ku baraarujinaynaa karaa a load gaar sare, laakiin waxaa la mowjadda xoogga sare ee airframe ah ay sabab u tahay dhegyadii of heshiis ah lagama maarmaan. Mig-xawaaraha gaadho 29 2.3M (2450 km / h), muuqashadii sharraxaa y MiG-29K waa xoogaa ka hooseeya 2300 km / h. Wixii la barbardhigo: F-14, ay awoodaan in ay horumariyaan ah 1,88 M (1995 km / h) iyo F-15 - 2 650 km / h. Tilmaame kale oo muhiim ah - dhererka jidka lagu jiro duushay oo soo degtey. Si aad u qaadato iska MiG ee, waa dhererka runway ku filan 700 oo mitir, iyo afterburner -. Kaliya 260 m wuxuu ku fadhiya madal dheer 600 mitir. Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa in aad u isticmaalaan sida diyaaradaha side ku salaysan (la nadaamka joojinta Xadhig a), ama ka hawlgalaan a airfields liidata diyaarsan (ama xitaa qaybaha jidka weyn, sida ay u dhacday intii lagu guda jiray dagaallo Yugoslav). About sifooyinka isku razbezhno-Probizhna labada baabuur American. Kartida ay u isticmaalaan sida dagaalka saldhig sidayaal diyaaradaha si wax dhisid ah oo la siiyo, ka dhigay Console garabka candho-. MiG-29 xawaaraha degtey waa 235 km / h, kaas oo sidoo kale tilmaamay in ay "Naf badda." palubniki American leeyihiin isla muddadan oo kale.

La taaban karo saqafka MiG gaaro 17,000 oo mitir oo degan meel dhexe oo u dhexeeya-F 14 oo F-15.

Celcelis ahaan tayada dagaal ee Soviet MiG-29, sifooyinka farsamo iyo dabacsanaan oo noo ogolaadaa in isaga oo sheegaya in diyaarad ka badan oo dhan analogues shisheeye, horumariyo waqti isku mid ah sidii uu. Awood u leh inay baaba'aan ka screens radar ku dhex jira dagaal hawada ah ku siinayaa baabuur this gaar ah. Innovation codsatay in nidaamka ay gacanta, warshadaha ee duulimaadyada gudaha keenay heer tayo cusub. Waxaa kaloo muhiim ah in-MiG 29 ay leedahay awood ballaaran habeyn. noocyada diirada Its orientation kala duwan, kala duwan oo duulimaad oo kala duwan, oo leh ujeedo ka duwan functional saarnaayeen qalab elektaroonik ah, ka tababarka dagaalka taatikada in "miiska duulaya", soo saaray in ka badan laba darsin. Laba ka mid ah (MiG-33 iyo MiG-35) waxaa la kala line madax banaan model CB iyaga. Mikoyan iyo Gurevich.

Iyada oo Astaantooda kala duwan on baalasheeda

Ka dib burburkii raxan ciidamada USSR ee gobolka hal qaybsamay dhexeeya Jamhuuriyadda hore ee Soviet. Ay haysato dhibaato dhaqaale, dad badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ay bilaabeen in ay iska iibiyaan qalabka la rabin. Tusaale ahaan, Moldova guuldarro United States labaatankii sano ee MiG-29 loo isticmaalo. Qiimaha diyaarad kasta oo ay ahayd $ 2 million, taas oo marar badan ka hooseeya qiimaha suuqa. Americans interceptor oo intaasu waxay ahayd baahi loo qabo horumarinta xeeladaha la dagaalanka BBC waxa uu dhigayaa in ay tahay in adeegga. MiGs la iibiyey ayay degaannada dagaalladu ee Africa, Asia iyo qaybo kale oo dunida ah.

dal-ka xubnood ee Air ee Heshiiska Warsaw ay sidoo kale ku hubeysan MiG-29. Ku dhowaad dhammaan iyaga u yimid asturidda ah "lammaane" of Russia wejigiisa NATO. Jarmal duuliye Luftwaffe caadaysteen inta badan in technology American, ayaa ulana yaabay raaxada iyo gacanta ergonomic - tayada caan ku MiG-29 Soviet dagaalka Photo leh , iskutallaabtiisana Malta (aqoonsiga ka dhigan Jarmal Air Force), marka hore ismaandhaafka uninitiated ku xifadiisa, ka dibna waxan oo dhan ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu.

diyaarad waa in adeegga leh in ka badan shan iyo labaatan dal, oo waxay ku bedesho halka wax walba oo aan ku socday.

Marka aad dooranayso qeybiyaha ah ee wax soo saarka difaaca dawladaha ajnabiga ah waxaa haga inta badan dagaal tayada iyo tixgelin siyaasadeed. Laakiin ma ugu yaraan muhiim ah waa arrin dhaqaale ee macaamil ganacsi. MiG-29, kaas oo qiimihiisu ku saabsan 70-75 milyan oo doolar halkii unit, xal u heli karo hawlaha military ugu gaar ah yaa ka khayr badan ay xafiiltamaan transatlantic F-15, kaas oo "waydiin" in ay boqolaal malaayiin. In wakhtiga dhibaatada kala duwan yihiin sida our cad u ciyaaro gacmaha of Ruush "Oboroneksportu" galeen.

MiG dagaal-aragnimo

Ilaa iyo inta tartanka, "dhibcood taageero» ( «hoosdhigaha», waxa loogu yeero NATO MiG-29) iyo American "Eagles» F-15 ayaa ahaa kuwo gaar u ah akhriska, waxaa suurto gal ahayd in ay ku doodayaan in qaar ka mid ah diyaaradaha ugu fiican. Kulanka ugu horeeya ee halis dhab ah oo u dhexeeya labo mashiin oo iska soo horjeeda ayaa ka dhacay samada ka badan Gulf reer Faaris ahaa (1991, "Desert Storm" hawlgal). Loogana hortegi ee guusha guud ahaan, ay sabab u tahay taxadir diyaarinta, faa'iido ah ee macluumaadka iyo software gorfaynta iyo Fadilmo taranta, sida liidata la iftiimay by xaqiiqada ah in inta lagu guda jiro dagaalka ee Gacanka diyaaradaha huwanta oo ma u awoodin inuu ku guuleysto ugu yaraan hal xaqiijiyay badiyeen MiG Ciraaq 29. sifooyinka Technical doonniyawadayaashaada interceptor ku Hussein abuuray shuruudaha guul anteenada, kiiska diiwaan of burburinta Ingiriiska "Tornado" ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Ciraaq (sida ay sheegayaan warar aan la xaqiijin inuusan ahaa mid ka mid ah oo keliya).

13 Yugoslav MiG-29 (waxaa ku jiray 15 hubaysan SFRY, laakiin laba ilaa bilowgii gardarada ku cadaatay in ay ku haboonayn in bixitaanka) hor joogsaday marar badan ka sarreeya ciidamada NATO. Sidaas dahsoon qaar ka mid ah duuliyayaasha American (sida iyaga) soo dejiyey ay 24. In xaqiiqda, sidaas ma ay ahayn la bravura, sida warbixinta doonniyawadayaashaada NATO. Afar unugyada ayaa duqeeyay garoonka diyaaradaha, mid interceptor badiyay shilka. Lixda haray dhab ah ayaa toogtay hoos by NATO, maamulka isbahaysiga, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa ay ku dadaaleysaa sidii ay u understate khasaaraha iyaga u gaar ah. Si loo qiimeeyo tirada iyo saamiga MiGs mudnaan hadda ay adag tahay.

Waxaa jiray xaaladaha kale ee shaqada dagaal of diyaarad MiG-29, nasiib wanaag si kaladuwan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guusha design ee dagaalka gaari lagu xukumi karaa oo keliya on the xaaladood oo iska hor imaad "daahir ah" iyada oo ugu yaraan qiyaastii duuliye si siman u qalma. dhacdooyin noocan oo kale ah ay ahaayeen dhowr taariikhdii la soo dhaafay, oo kulli way ka odhan in-MiG 29 wuxuu leeyahay nolosha dheer ka hor.