Marshal Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich: Biography, abaalmarinta

Leonid Govorov ahaa mid ka mid ah taliyayaasha ugu caansan ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Waxa uu hogaaminayo dagaallada ka dhanka ah kooxda Jarmalka ee guud ahaan dalka, iyo in 1944 ka shaqo Karelia Finns sii daayay. Waayo, mudnaanta badan Govorov heshay horyaalka ee Marshal Midowga Soofiyeeti.

sanadaha hore

Marshal mustaqbalka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich ku dhashay February 22, 1897 ee gobolka Vyatka ah - geeska fog oo orso ee Empire Ruush ah. Butyrka (tuulada uu hooyo) ahaa magaalada gobolka caadiga ah. nolosha Military aad uula mid tahay nolosha dadka dhiggooda ah, adoo dhallinyarada iyo dhallinyarada ee Dagaalkii Adduunka koowaad, kacaanka iyo sokeeye.

Childhood Leonid Govorov qabtay Yelabuga, halkaas oo aabbihiis soo shaqeeyay karaaniga a. In 1916, nin dhallinyaro ah oo ka soo dugsi farsamo qalin, iyo xataa galay Petrograd Polytechnic machadka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in isku December uu qoray ciidanka. Waxa uu ahaa dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, iyo gobolka waxaa laga xaggiisa dambe oo ka mid ah khayraadka aadanaha ugu dambeeyay. Ka dib markii Revolution February ah, Leonid Govorov heshay horyaalka cusub. Lieutenant in ciidamada dalka Ruushka kulmay bishii October 1917. Wuxuu u yimid inuu awood, Bolsheviks saxiixdeen heshiis nabadeed la Germany, iyo inta badan ciidamada ayaa ka dhigista. Lieutenant soo laabtay Yelabuga waalidiinta.

dagaal sokeeye

In xilliga dayrta 1918, Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich ku biiray ciidamada White. Wakhtigan, dhulkii uu ku dhashay gacanta ugu taageerayaasha Kolchak ahaa. Sarkaalka ka qayb qaatay weerarkii guga ee Whites ah. Waxa uu la diriray dhow Ufa, Chabrovsk iyo Western Siberia. Kolchak ugu dhaqsaha badan waxay bilaabeen inay u qaxaya bari. Bishii November 1919, dalalka goosteen. Bishii Janaayo, ayuu ku biiray lugta Division 51th of Army Cas.

Waxaa Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich kulmay Marshal kale mustaqbalka - Vasiliem Blyuherom. In 1919 wuxuu ku amray th aad 51 ka lugta Division, iyo inta lagu guda jiro cadaadis Stalin lagu toogtay. Under Govorov Blucher helay ay guutada madaafiicda hanuun. Ugu dambaysta ah stage of Dagaalkii Sokeeye, Sarreeye mustaqbalka muuqday Ukraine halkaas oo weli kooxda ugu danbeysay ee weyn ee hor joogsataan cad. Waxa uu ahaa ciidan Wrangel ah. In dagaallada ee 1920 Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich helay laba nabarrada - mid ka yar Kakhovka, dheeraad ah ee degaanka Antonovka.

muddo nabadda

Ka dib markii la dhameeyo Dagaalkii Sokeeye, Leonid Govorov yimid inay ku noolaadaan iyo ka shaqeeyaan Ukraine. In 1923 waxaa loo magacaabay taliyaha madaafiicda ah ee 51aad lugta Division Perekopskaya. Uu xirfadiisa ku xiga ee ciidanka ka dhacay oo siinaya tababar xirfadeed. In 1933 Govorov ka koorsooyinka at Military Academy Frunze ka qalin jabiyay. Laakiin in aan ahaa oo dhan. Barashada af Jarmal iyo marayay imtixaanka ku habboon, oo wuxuu noqday turjumaan military. In 1936 ciidamada soo galay Academy ee dhawaanta la furay ee Shaqaalaha Guud, iyo wax yar ka hor heshay darajo ah taliyaha guutada. Ka dib ka qalin tababarka, wuxuu bilaabay inuu wax ku barayay at Academy madaafiicda la odhan jiray ka dib markii Dzerzhinsky.

In 1940 dagaal kula Finland. Govorov loo magacaabay madaxa shaqaalaha ee madaafiicda ee Ciidanka 7-dii. Waxay ka qayb qaatay dagaalka dhul Karelia ah. Taliyaha guutada ayaa waxaa diyaarinaya daafaca Finnish xal Mannerheim Line. Ka dib markii saxiixa nabadda, wuxuu ahaa Major-General of madaafiicda.

The War Great Patriotic

Habeeynimadii of War Great Patriotic, Leonid Govorov loo magacaabay madaxa Academy madaafiicda la odhan jiray ka dib markii Dzerzhinsky, taas oo uu ka qalin jabiyay dhowaan. Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan weerar Jarmal bilaabay, uu soo diray si uu u hoggaamiyo madaafiicda ee Front Galbeed. Waxaan u lahaa in ay ka shaqeeyaan in shuruudaha daadsanaan ciidanka, la'aanta ah ee isgaarsiinta iyo cadowga blitzkrieg. madaafiic Front Western ahaa marka laga reebo ma xeerkan. fowdo bilaha ugu horeeya ee dagaalka looma ogola in ay joojiyaan Jarmalka ee Belarus ama Ukraine.

On July 30, si Govorov qirtay madaafiicda ee Front Reserve ah. Major-General bilaabay in uu abaabulo hawlgallada daafaca on dhidibka dhexe ee hor Wehrmacht ah. Waxa uu ahaa kii diyaariyey counterattack Yelnia. September 6 magaalada ahayd la xoreeyay. Inkastoo guusha, kanu wuxuu ahaa ku meel gaadh ah, ayuu ha markii ugu gudbin. Kooxda Jarmalka ayaa ku xayiran yihiin aagga Smolensk ee muddo laba bilood ah, sababtoo ah waxa ay ahaayeen oo ku taal duleedka Moscow ee xilliga qaboobaha oo kaliya.

Dagaallada meel u dhow Moscow

Horraantii Oktoobar, wuxuu sheegay in uu ahaa on line difaaca Mozhaisk, isku diyaarinaya in ay kaabayaasha. 15 tirada dhaawacmay Dmitry Lelyushenko wuxuu qaaday amarkii ka mid ah 5-tii Army Combined Arms. Doorka qiyaano ciyaaray magacaabidda Georgy Zhukov, kuwaas oo si shakhsi ah u saxiixay si u dhiganta. formation Tani waxay keentay dagaal lagu hoobtay oo daafaca dhow Borodino. October 18 ay sabab u tahay soo horjeeda fasaxa ku odhan Bet la aaminsiiyey inuu waxaa lagama maarmaan ah inuu ka tago magaalada. dib u dhac dheeraad ah oo ka dhalan kara in deegaanka ee ciidanka oo dhan. Welcome la siiyey. Ciidamada gurteen.

Horraantii November, Army 5aad kor u qaadeen jagooyinka daafaca ee duleedka Moscow. Dagaalka ayaa halkan u yimid kiiloomitir kasta. Ciidamada Soviet oo ay taageerayaan madaafiic iyo anti-taangiga unugyada Shabaqa. Deggan oo ku taal duleedka magaalada, Army Red waxay bilaabeen in ay diyaariyaan a counter-weerar ku dhow Moscow. November 9, Leonid Govorov noqday Sarreeye guud.

xilligan muhiim u yimid on 1 December, marka Jarmalka ay awoodaan in ay jebiyaan oo hore meesha degan Army 5aad. Taliyaha madaafiicda shaqsi ahaan si toos ah difaaca. Oo cadowgii wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay u guurto kaliya 10 kiiloomitir oo waxaa ugu dhaqsaha badan hoos. December 5th laga bilaabo ka mid ah counter-weerar Soviet ee Moscow.

ballan cusub

Bishii Abriil 1942, Leonid Govorov kooban baxday si sababtoo ah weerar ba'an ee qabsinka. At madaxa ay 5aad Army istaagay Ivan Fedyuninsky. April 25 kabsaday Govorov helay shaqo cusub. Waxa uu u baxay inuu ka hor Leningrad ee, wixii lagu amray koox ballaaran ee ciidamada Soviet (waxaa ka mid ah 55 ka, 42th iyo 23th Army). In meel cusub, Lieutenant-General qiiro gaar bilaabay xilkiisa.

ka xoq Leningrad Artillery Corps, loogu talagalay in dagaalka counter-batteriga wuxuu Eebe u abuuray. Maaddaama ay cadaadis of taliyaha hore yimid iyo shaqaalaha diyaaradaha cusub ee cusub. On hababka ay u Leningrad Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich (1897-1955) ku abuuray shan meelaha cusub beerta deyr leh. Waxa ay qayb ka mid ah nidaamka boholo joogto ah u noqdaan. Waxay la dhigay uun dhammaysay la mashiinka-qori iyo madaafiic guuto. Wixii ilaalinta wanaagsan oo reserve hore Leningrad waxaa la aasaasay. Ayaa sheegay in go'aanada ay hagaan waayo aragnimada hodanka ah ururtay intii ay socdeen dagaalladii u dhow Moscow. Waxaa si gaar ah u digtoon abuurka unugyada caqabad ku, kooxaha mobile iyo qaybaha kale ee hawl.

Main Artillery Directorate of Army Cas bilaabay qeybinayay magaalada la projectiles weyn-heerkiisa. Tani waxay ogol yahay in ay bilaabaan burburinta baytariyada hareereeyo cadowga, sameeyo dhaawaca uu inta badan dhismayaasha iyo dadka deegaanka. Govorov lahaa in ay isku mar u xaliyaan laba caqabado. Dhinaca mid, oo wuxuu lahaa oo uu abaabulo difaaca oo ka feker jabiyay go'doominta, oo amiirka kale sameeyey uu ugu fiican si ay u caawiyaan dadka gaajoonaya ee Leningrad.

Ciidamada Red isku dayaysa in ay fujiyo Jarmalka ka dhow ee Leningrad ku guuldareystay. Taas darteed, Michael Khozin (Taliyaha hore) waxaa u diiday in uu xafiiska. In uu meel loo magacaabay Leonid Govorov. All iyada oo xagaagii 1942, wuxuu ka diyaariyey kooxda Neva hawl iyo ciidankii 55aad in ay weerar Sinyavskaya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dayrta, waxaa u cadaatay in Ciidamada Soviet ee gobolka si fudud ma lahan awood ay kaga nadiifiso habab si Leningrad (tani waxay ahayd Ujeedada ugu weyn ee muhiimka ah ee ay dhacdo). October 1 Govorov helay amar in ay ka baxaan in ay asal ah. Go'aanka waxaa loo sameeyey xarunta ka dib dood badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, "dagaal maxaliga ah" ayuu hadalkiisa raaciyay. Sidaas daraaddeed in wararka ay yeedhay tallaabo yar-yar. Waxay wax ka beddeli mayso xaaladda hore, laakiin dareemi hoos u soo xirtay cadowga qabtay godod ka dhulkooda hooyo iska. Marka Govorovo Leningrad qaybsan qaybaha. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah ciidankii joogto ah. kooxaha xagjirka ah in la sameeyey in warshadaha ee, isugu guuto.

Isku dayaysa in ay ku jabinayaan xanibaaddan

Artilleryman by tababarka, Govorov joogay asturidda ciidanka, kuwaas oo ka koobnaa ciidamo dhammaan noocyada suurtogal ah. Laakiin taasi ma hortago isaga si deg deg ah u hesho lulid ee wax. Waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay si deg deg ah u qiimeeyaan xaaladda iyo wadnaha ogaa meesha uu ciidamada Soviet iyo German on hore kasta. Leonid Govorov mar walba dhegaysta dhegaystay oogi, kama aan kala go'do, in kastoo, oo waxba ma ay jeclaan verbiage madhan. Waxa uu ahaa nin aad u adag oo isku-urur, iyo isku dadka kale dalban. In Leningrad ee xarunta of qof oo kale ah oo lagu magacaabo ixtiraam cabsadaan. madaxdii xisbiga (Zhdanov, Kuznetsov, iyo Shtykov D. t.) isaga daweeyey innagoo.

Bishii Janaayo 1943, hore Leningrad ayaa mar labaad u dhaqaaqay. January 18, giraanta go'doominta ahayd la jebiyey caasimada Northern. waxaa suurto gal ah in Samee laba counter-filaan ah Volkhov mahad (hoos amarka Kirilla Meretskova) iyo Lugbuur Leningrad (amray by Leonid Govorov). isutagga cadowga u qeybsanaa, iyo Ciidamada Soviet kulmay koonfureed ee Lake Ladoga.

Xitaa ka hor inta xal kama dambaysta ah ee go'doominta Govorov heshay darajo ee kornayl guud. In xagaagii 1943 Army 67aad, oo uu ku amray, ka qayb qaatay hawlgalka iyo Raxanreeb Online. Himilada ahaa in la dhiso gacanta tareenada Kirov koonfureed ee Lake Ladoga. Haddii xidhiidhka la sii daayay ka Jarmalka, Leningrad lahaa channel lagu kalsoonaan karo oo ku haboon ee xidhiidhka la leh inta kale ee dalka. Waxa uu ahaa dagaal culus. Ciidamada Soviet ay sabab u tahay yaraanta ciidamada oofin lahaa dhammaan hawlaha, iyo dayrta iyo Raxanreeb protrusion ka hadhay shiidaa iska beddelin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqtiga ayaa la shaqeeya ciidamada Cas iyo Wehrmacht hoostiisa dhib sii kordhaya.

xoraynta Leningrad

In dayrta ee 1943, heerka bilaabay diyaarinta a Leningrad-Novgorod Offensive cusub. November 17 Leonid Govorov noqday guud ee ciidamada. Bilowga 1944, ciidamada hoos jihada ayaa dhex maray difaacyada cadowga hareeraha Leningrad ee. On January 27, Ciidamada Jarmal horey u ahaayeen in ku dhow boqol kiiloomitir magaalada ka. Go'doominta ayaa waxaa si qeexan u qaaday. Oo isla maalintaas oo ku hadlaya magaca Govorov Stalin siiyey amarka si uu u qabto rashka ee magaalada la xoreeyay.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqtiga dabaal ahayd waxoogaa yar. Si deg deg ah ku soo noqonaya xilkiisa, Leonid Govorov hogaaminayo ciidamada hore Leningrad ee jihada Narva. Bishii Febraayo, ciidamada Cas gudbay webiga. By ka hortag guga kor u siyaadinay 250 kiiloomitir. Waxaa ku dhowaad dhammaan of Leningrad sii daayay, iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah Kalinin deriska ah.

Dagaalama leh dadka Finnishka ah

June 10 Ciidamada Front ayaa loo diray xagga woqooyi ee hawlgalka Vyborg-Petrozavodsk. soo horjeeda ugu weyn ee jihada this ahaa Finland. Xarunta waxay doonayeen inay ka baxaan bahaysi dagaalka ee Reich ah. Lahjado bilaabay hawlgal dhaqdhaqaaq saaraya been abuur ah. Habeeynimadii of sirdoonka Finnish dabagal saameyn tababarka ee gobolka Narva ah. Dhanka kale, ciidamada badda ee Soviet mar hore rogrogto 21 Army dhul Karelia ah. Waayo, cadowgaa, dharbaaxo, kanu wuxuu ahaa dhameystiran lama filaan ah.

Sidoo kale, ka hor inta bilawga ah ee Govorov amray in ay sameeyaan tababar madaafiic iyo taxane ah oo weerar cirka ah. In ka badan toban maalmood ee soo socda, ciidamada hore Leningrad iyada oo loo marayo saddex lines daafaca ka qarxay meel ka mid ah hore Line Mannerheim ah, kaas oo lagu dhisay inta lagu guda jiro shaqo. Leonid Govorov ka qaybgalay dagaalka Soviet-Finnish ah 1939-1940. Wuxuu ogaa in ay gobolka iyo gaar ahaan ciidanka cadowga.

ka hor waxay si degdeg ah Army Red ahaa xoraynta Vyborg June 20, 1944. Labo maalmood ka hor in, Leonid Govorov noqday Marshal Midowga Soofiyeeti. Rank ahaa milicsiga ah mudnaanta military. Waxa uu ka qayb qaatay ururka of tiro ka mid ah hawlaha oo muhiim ah: in ay si kada ah weeraradii ee Jarmalka bilowgii dagaalka, ayaa difaacay, Moscow ee Leningrad, daayay ugu dambayntii la Finns la dirireen.

Ka dib markii dib u soo celinta awoodda Soviet in dagaal Vyborg lagu wareejiyay halkay ku Karelia ah. Waxaa jiray ku dhowaad dhammaan ciidanka Finnish (60 kun oo qof). Weerarka Soviet ahaa mid adag oo ay Patriots meelahan. khataraha Water, kaymaha xaqse, la'aanta waddooyinka - waxan oo dhan ayaa hoos u dhac la sii daayo halkay. Maratay kordhay khasaaraha Ciidanka Cas. Marka tan la eego, July 12 Bet siiyey amarka si ay u tagaan difaac. horay dheeraad ah sii ciidamada hore Karelia. Bishii September, Finland uga fogaatay dagaalka oo ku biiray kooxda xulafada '.

In xagaaga dambe iyo xilliga dayrta ee 1944, Marshal Govorov horumariyo hawlgallada ee xoraynta Estonia. Bishii Oktoobar, waxa uu sidoo kale isku duba hawlaha ciidamada qalabka sida ee xoreynta ee Riga. Marka caasimadda ah ee Latvia waxaa ka bariyeelay Jarmalka, haraadiga ciidamada Wehrmacht ee dalalka Baltic ayaa hor istaagay in Courland. Is-dhiibitaanka kooxdan la ansixiyay May 8, 1945.

dagaalka ka dib,

In nabadda, Leonid Govorov bilaabeen inay mashquulin jagooyinka hoggaanka ugu sareeya ciidamada. Waxa uu ahaa taliyaha Degmada Military Leningrad iyo Taliyaha Difaaca Air ah. Intii uu isaga hoggaaminayay, Ciidamada soo maray habeynta weyn. Intaa waxaa dheer, steel helay hub cusub (diyaaradaha dagaalka, gantaalada lidka diyaaradaha, naadi iyo D. sidaas on.). Dalku wuxuu u abuuray gaashaan of eedeeyay weerarada NATO iyo Maraykanka ee War soo baxaya Cold.

In 1952, Stalin ee la soo dhaafay XIX Congress of CPSU ah, Leonid Govorov loo doortay xubin ka musharax ee golaha dhexe ah. In 1954 wuxuu bilaabay inuu isu geeyo tiir kasta oo ah taliyaha Air Difaaca iyo Wasiir ku-xigeenka gaashaandhigga ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. jadwalka mashquul iyo stress si xun u saameeyey caafimaadka sirkaalka wax qora. Leonid Govorov, dhintay March 19, 1955 ka stroke ah halka fasax sanatorium Barvikha.

Maanta, in sharaf of Marshal la odhan jiray jidadka magaalooyinka waaweyn ee hore ee USSR (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Odessa, Kirov, Donetsk, iyo D. sidaas on.). Loo feejignaadaa xumme xasuusta waxaa ka mid ah in Leningrad hore iyo xoreeyay iyada oo hawlaha la sameeyey iyada oo ay hoggaaminayaan ee Govorov. On laba dhisme leedahay dabar iyo park on River Fontanka waxaa la odhan jiray ka dib. Sanadkii 1999 weerarada aagga ahaa taallo L. A. Govorovu.

sharaf

Years of hab dagaal Leonid Alexandrovich la socday noocyo kala duwan oo bilado iyo koobab sharafeed. In 1921, ka dib markii laba boogaha mustaqbalka Marshal Govorov uu helay Order ee Banner Cas. Isagu wuu ka ciso leh abaalmarintan geesinimo iyo geesinimada inta lagu guda jiro hawlgalka Perekop-ChONGARSKIJj markii ciidankii Wrangel ugu danbeyn maray Crimean ah. Ka dib-Soviet Finnish War Govorov helay Order ee Star Cas.

In maalmood muqdiga War Patriotic weyn, markii Ciidamada Wehrmacht kuwo u dhow Moscow, in Leonid Aleksandrovich ahaa mid ka mid ah hogaamiyayaasha difaaca ee caasimada. November 10, 1941, maalin ka hortag ah, in uu helay Order of Lenin. Ajir Next isaga sugaya ka dib markii jabiyay xanibaadda ee Leningrad. Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich, kuwaas oo Biography waa Biography ka mid ah mid ka mid ah taliyayaasha u fiican oo dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, helay sharafta Order of Suvorov aan degree.

Waxa uu gacan ka geystay guulaha badan oo ka tirsan ciidamada Cas lahaa inta lagu jiro xoraynta dhulka USSR ee ciidamada shaqo ee Wehrmacht ah. Sidaa darteed ma aha la yaab in January 27, 1945 Marshal Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich dheeraad ah iyo Hero of Midowga Soofiyeeti noqday. Ka mid ah abaalmarinta uu sidoo kale leeyahay bilado badan kuwaas oo la gudoonsiiyey waayo xoraynta ama ilaalinta ee magaalooyinka waaweyn.

May 31, 1945, dhowr todobaad ka dib isu dhiibay Germany, Govorov waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Order ah "Victory". Inta lagu jiro jiritaanka oo dhan sumadda sida sharaf abaal dadka 17 oo keliya, taas oo ah, dabcan, ku nuuxnuuxsaday muhiimadda ay leedahay kaalin Leonid ee guuldarada of naasiga ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Waxaa xusid mudan in, marka lagu daro Soofiyeeti, iyo in uu helay abaalmarinta shisheeye: Amarka ka mid ah Legion of Honor (France), iyo sidoo kale Order American "Legion of Honor".