Cusbo chlorate

Waa maxay chlorate potassium?

cusbo The potassium ee chloric acid (mid ka mid ah afar acids oxygen-ka kooban sameeyay chlorine: hypochlorous - HClO, chlorous - HClO2, chloric - HClO3 iyo perchloric - HClO4) caadi ahaan loo yaqaan chlorate potassium, formula - KClO3. Tani cusbo muuqaalka ka dhigan kiristaalo (Biyuhu), kuwaas oo si liidata L. biyo (at 20 ° C ee 100 cm3 oo biyo ah u kala diray oo kaliya 7.3 g oo cusbo), laakiin la sii kordhaya heerkulka milmi kordhay. Mid kale oo magaceeda caanka - cusbo bertoletova. Miisaanka uu leeyahay walax kelli waa 122,55 AMU, cufnaanta - 2.32 g / cm3. cusbo dhalaalayaa at 356 ° C, waxa decomposes at 400 ° C.

Furitaanka chlorate potassium

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay (ee 1786dii) ee chlorate potassium ahaa farmashiyaha Faransiis Klod Bertolle. Waxa seegay chloro iyada oo ku howlan xal hydroxide potassium kulul. isla'egta Reaction, via kaas oo cusbadu waa sida soo socota: 3Cl2 + 6KOH → 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O. Sidaas darteed cadaanyo tani waa chlorate potassium precipitates sida adag oo cad. Tan iyo waa liidata L. biyo qabow, waxaa si fudud u soocay kale cusbada in xal la qaboojiyey. Tan iyo markii la furay cusbo bertoletova waa wax soo saarka ugu badan oo waxtar leh ee chlorate oo dhan. Currently KClO3 soo saaray on scale warshadaha.

kiimikaad

cusbo Chlorate - oxidizer xoog leh. By waxaa ficil leh xoog Aashito (HCL) loo qoondeeyey chlorine free. Nidaamkan waxaa lagu qeexay by isla'egta reaction kiimikada: 6HCl + KClO3 → 3Cl ↑ + KCl + 3 H2O. Like dhan chlorates, walax tani waa heer sare ah sun. In foomka la shubay KClO3 si aada u taageeraan sari. Isku dar ah diyaar walax oxidizable (yaraynta wakiilada) sida baaruud, fosfooraska, sonkor iyo walxaha organic ku qaraxday kale chlorate potassium raadka ama khilaaf. dareen ah in saamaynta waxaa xoojinaya in joogitaanka cusbada ammonium iyo bromates. Under tur (kululaynta ilaa 60 ° C) qayilo ee chlorate potassium loo diyaariyey ka oxalic acid chlorine dioxide, soo baxa habka sida ay isla'eg falcelinta: 2KClO3 + H2C2O4 → K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O + 2ClO2. monoxide Koloriin helaa codsiga in bleaching iyo jeermiska ka mid ah maaddooyinka kala duwan (bur saxarka warqad iyo wixii la mid ah), iyo sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa in obesfenolivaniya daata dhirta kiimikada.

Isticmaalka chlorate potassium

Of oo dhan cusbo chlorate bertoletova waa ugu balaadhan looga isticmaalo. Waxa loo isticmaalaa in soo saaridda ee formaldehyde, kulan (sameeyo madaxa ciyaarta wax guban kara, wax cayriin qoyan yahay chlorate potassium tu 6-18-24-84), rashka, jeermiska, chlorine dioxide. Sababtoo ah ee khatarta sare ee darey la chlorate potassium, aan ficil ahaan loo isticmaalaa in soo saaridda ee qarxa ujeedooyin warshadaha iyo military. Aad ayay u yar chlorate potassium waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida qarxa ka bilaabaya. Mararka qaarkood loo isticmaalo pyrotechnics in ay dhali darey tsvetnoplamennye. Markii hore cusbo loo isticmaalo daawo: xal daciif ah walax this (KClO3) markii qaar ka mid ah loo isticmaalay sida aalkolada ah isdhaqin la mariyo. Salt in qarnigii 20aad, waxaa loo isticmaalay si loo helo oksijiin ku hoos jira xaalad shaybaarka, laakiin sababta oo ah khatarta ah ee tijaabo ayaa la joojiyay.

Diyaarinta chlorate potassium

Mid ka mid ah hababka soo socda: by koloriin hydroxide potassium sabab u ah falcelin sarrifka la cusbada kale ee chlorates, qayilo electrochemical in xal aqueous of chlorides biraha - cusbo bertoletova waxaa laga heli karaa. Diyaarinta qiyaasta ay warshadaha inta badan sameeya haybokollorayt reaction disproportionation (cusbada acid hypochlorous) a. hababka farsamada baaraandegi duwan. Xaaladaha intooda badan waxa ay ku salaysan tahay ficil-celin u dhexeeya chloride calcium iyo chlorate potassium: Ca (ClO3) 2 + 2KCl → 2KClO3 + CaCl2. Markaas cusbo bertoletova soo sameeyey khamriga hooyada by crystallization qoondeeyey. Sidoo kale chlorate potassium loo diyaariyey by habka modified Berthollet electrolysis ku of chloride potassium: soo saaray electrolysis waxaa ka jawaabay chloro hydroxide potassium, taasoo keentay haybokollorayt potassium KClO raacay by disproportionation of chlorate potassium KClO3 iyo isha of chloride potassium KCl.

daatay ee chlorate potassium

At heerkul ah oo ku saabsan 400 ° C daatay ee chlorate potassium. Sidaas darteed, ogsijiin iyo potassium perchlorate ah: 4KClO3 → KCl + 3KClO4. Marxaladda xigta ee kala daatay dhacdaa heerkulka a of 550 in 620 ° C, KClO4 → 2O2 ↑ + KCl. On Xoojiya (waxa laga yaabaa inay xabagta copper CuO, xabagta bir ah (xabagta III) Fe2O3 ama manganese (IV) MnO2) daatay dhacdaa marka heerkulku hoose (150 ilaa 300 ° C) iyo in hal talaabo, 2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2.

tallaabooyin lagu sugayo ammaanka

cusbo Bertoletova waa kiimiko qarxa deganayn oo qarxi karaan, iyadoo qaboobo, kaydinta (tus, meel u dhow reductants on shelf la mid ah in shaybaar ama in a makhaasiinka) axdi qarameedka ama hawlaha kale. Qaraxa ayaa laga yaabaa inuu dhaco dhaawac iyo xataa dhimasho in la raaco. Sidaa darteed, wax soo saarka, isticmaalka, kaydinta ama gaadiidka ee chlorate potassium waa in la buuxiyaa shuruudaha sharciga Federaalka 116. Xarumaha abaabulay hawlgaladaa la xidhiidhaan goobaha warshadaha halista ah.