Lycopodium clavatum: meertada nolosha, qaab-dhismeedka iyo dhalmo

Lycopodium clavatum (clavatum Lycopodium Laata.) Waxaa laga helaa geed iyo kaymaha isku qasan. caleemaha herbaceous canbaha khafiif ah madaxa loo saaraa taaj Sabuul cufan. Laakiin tani ma aha inflorescence ah, maxaa yeelay, ajada - warshad spore sare oo aan marnaba blooms. Dhalmada iyo wareegga nolosha ay leeyihiin sifooyinka gaarka ah ee la xidhiidha asalka hore ee kooxda. Waxay leedahay tiro ka mid ah muuqaalada iyo qaabka clavatum Lycopodium.

lafo nool

In loo bixiyay Paleozoic kaymaha ee horsetails treelike, Muuse kooxda iyo ferns qariyeen expanses badan ee caalamka. Waqti ka, kuwaas oo kooxaha noolaha for faafinta taas oo u baahan biyo qaab faleebo-dareere ah, siiyey si ay dhirta ka badan la qabsan kara - gymnosperms iyo ubax. Ma noolaan halganka this for Muuse kooxda geed badbaadista - lepidodendrons iyo sigillaria, oo waxay gaadhaysaa xataa height a of 40 mitir, laakiin waxay u siiyey kor u qaada ah oo dun dhuxusha awood badan gobollada qaar ka mid ah dunida oo dhan .. dhirta Modern ee qoyska Lycopodiaceae ee duwana muuqaalka in a Dhirta xaqse carboxylic, laakiin waxay hanti hab faafin ah iyo wareegga horumarinta awowayaashood qadiimiga ah.

Maxaad dhirta loo yaqaan "ajada"?

Oo meesha asalka ah ee lifaaqa oo ah mid ka mid ah marxaladaha ee wareegga nolosha ee Lycopodium ah - prothallia - bilaabaan si ay u koraan gurguurta cagaaran afkoda. On wareega, ay weli yar yihiin, ma dhegaha spore-sameynta, iyo in giraanta dhexe - ka nolol dambeeyey isaga u gaar ah. Waxa ay u muuqataa in Lycopodium clavatum iyada oo kaynta ku guuro. Tan waxa u sabab gobolka joogta ah ka daadanayo iyo koritaanka caleemaha cusub. Feature ayaa muddo dheer dareentay, oo dadyowga Slavic siiyey "sabayn" magaca geedka "ajada" (dhooqo). asal ahaan xiiso leh magaca Laatiin ah ee ajada panulirus ah. Waxaa la xidhiidha erayga Jarmal "ciddiyihii orsada ayaa Yeeyi ee." Sidaas daraaddeed in maalmaha jir waxaa la odhan jiray ajada ee Germany. In qarnigii XVI erayga waxaa turjumay Laatiin ah, waxa uu ahaa natiijo Licopodium. Dad kala duwan magaca ajada "Lycopodium", "wolfberry".

Features ajada

dhirta Original iyo aad u qadiimi ah oo laga helay aaga kaynta of Northern iyo Koonfurta barka ah. Rod of Lycopodium, kaas oo clavatum Lycopodium ah, jiraye ee kaymaha ee Paleozoic ka badan 350 milyan oo sano ka hor. calaamooyin badan ayaa tilmaamaya in kooxdan waxaa si tartiib ah engegay. Laakiin qaab dhismeedka of ajada uu leeyahay muuqaalada urur sare marka la barbardhigo ajada. heli karaa si ay u ogaadaan on tusaale clavatum Lycopodium ah.

Calaamadaha ugu horreeya:

• branching curso;
• aarayo Phyllotaxy.

Features of dhirta sare leeyihiin Lycopodium:

• unugyada kala duwan;
• herbaceous caleenta afkoda,
• xididdada dhabta ah.

Muuqaalka caan - mikrofiliya la xidhiidha asalka ah ee caleemaha ka dusha sare ee outgrowths stem.

Dhismaha clavatum Lycopodium

All dilka ah (marxaladda asexual) muuqataa lilan qalafsaneyn ka go'an of caleemo yar yar. Waxay leeyihiin a toosan-lanceolate, dhammaaneysa kasta waa timo cad aad u debcaan. Lycopodium clavatum leeyahay gurguurta oo dheer oo caato ah afkoda. Noocan ah string nool gaaro dherer ah 1 ilaa 4 m. Billowda kaalinta labaad dhinaca kor u kacaya (50 cm) ka. Taproot, waxaa jira adventitious kaliya in geedka ku lifaaqan oo dhulka ku. lugaha khafiif Long la caleemo Finensej ka asliga ah ee keeni adag a on top of baxsashada. Tani bacrin ah Sabuul isagoo qaab cylindrical, oo wuxuu gaadhi karay dherer of 4 cm. Sida caadiga ah laga soo ururiyey by laba kooxood oo ka yar saddex ama afar. JQSHM ku yaalaan sporangia sporolistikov. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah koley yar la kudka ka buuxsamay.

Dhismaha gametophyte ah

kudka clavatum Lycopodium dawadda gametophyte ah, ama prothallia. Dhismaha clavatum Lycopodium xilligan la joogo waxa aanu ka muuqan on warshad dilka ah, sida aan la caadaysteen in ay goortay arkayaan. Sporophyte gaadho in ka badan hal millimeter dhexroor. Waxaa zarostok - ifafaale ku meel gaar ah ee nolosha ee warshadda, laakiin aad buu lagama maarmaan. Haddii khilaaf waa in xaalad aad u qalafsan, iyagu waa waqti dheer oo aan ku siin karaan kor u shaqeeyo cusub. Si madaxbannaan u dhuuqa nafaqada gametophyte cqaadir Ma yeeli karno taas, waxa uu adeegsanayaa "adeegyada" ee fangaska ciidda. Haddii khilaaf si deg deg ah soo biqlo dushiisa, zarostok translucent noqonayaa midabka cirro cagaaran iyo awood u photosynthesis. gametophyte The bislaadaa xaaladaha wanaagsan dhakhso. In waxbarashada gaarka ah dhacaan gametes galmada. Dheddig - ukun - waaweyn iyo Immobile. Men - manida - yar, qalabaysan flagella, iyo si dhakhso ah u guurto. unugyada jeermiga Mature waqtiyo kala duwan. unugyada Men in ay u guuraan ukunta waxay u baahan yihiin dhibco biyo ah. Ugu kulanka unugyada labka iyo dheddiga ee gamete dhacdaa. saygoot wuxuu bilaabaa in uu kala qaybiyaan, siinta asaasmeen unugyada iyo unugyada ee sporophyte mustaqbalka.

Meertada Lycopodium clavatum

Ina keena aynu raad raaco horumarinta dhirta ka soo khilaafka si geedka qof qaangaar ah. "Lycopodium clavatum" Taasi waa waxa ay inta badan aan ku aragno kaynta ama sawirka. koley The, spikelets sporangia xagaaga ripens xaddi weyn oo kudka eg budada huruud ah. Tixgeli qaab-dhismeedka ciidda noqon karaa oo kaliya oo shaashadaha ka under. Chemical lafaguraa muujiyaan content muhiim ah xaydha cuntada kuwan. Shubay muran ee July iyo August, qaadeen by dabaysha iyada oo kaynta oo fidaya lycopodium. In ciidda, biqilka bilaabmaa ku hoos jira xaalad wanaagsan. Waxa asaasay zarostok-gametophyte, eg yar digir-wax. Galmada dhalmo clavate Lycopodium - yada dhexe ee wareegga nolosha, hubinta kala duwanaanshaha hidde. Ka dib markii formation of gametes iyo dheddiga u muuqataa on sporophyte prothallia cqaadir. Its qaab-dhismeedka horeba waa suurto gal si aad u aragto a stem cagaaran dhuuban iyo caleemo. Baxsado gobays iftiinka iyo dib - u dhaadhacdaa ciidda. ajada Most vegetatively faafin hab - mid kasta oo jeedal isagoo xididada, ay awoodaan si ay u noolaadaan oo aan warshad hooyada.

isticmaalka la taaban karo ee Lycopodium

In codsiyada caafimaad loo isticmaalo kudka dhirta, oo loo yaqaan Lycopodium. wax xumu ururiyay duurka, diyaarinta budada ilmaha iyo anti-bedsore. Lycopodium ka kooban tahay:

• saliid ah;
• borotiin,
• polysaccharides,
• sitosterol;
• acid phenolcarboxylic;
• macdanta.

dhakhaatiirti Folk mahad nabarka ayuu bogsiinayay: kartida Lycopodium, waxaa lagu talinayaa in gubasho, qadhqadhyo. geedo yaryar oo wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin anti-bararka iyo waxaa loo isticmaalaa cudurrada xubnaha kala duwan iyo hababka. Foomka sare ee dawooyinka ka kudka ka lycopodium caawimo canbaar, isla kareyso, herpes. Daaweynta daawooyin, Lycopodium Waa in la fuliyo on talo iyo iyada oo ay kormeerayaan dhakhtar.

shuruudaha deegaanka

Afkoda Lycopodium si tartiib ah "faafay" in qayb ka mid ah biqilka hore ee khilaafka a. Kartida ay formation in warshadda ay u muuqataa on sanadka 15-30-aad ee nolosha. Zarostok dhinto in tallaabada of formation of caleemaha iyo xididdada. clavate Avilable Lycopodium iyo dhalmo go'aamiyo meesha dhirta qaybinta. Undemanding in ay ciidda, waxa loo baahan yahay in dhibco biyo ah unugyada labka iyo dheddiga ee marxaladda galmada. xaaladaha ajada noocan oo kale ah oo laga helay gobollada iyo dalal badan, oo ay ku jiraan Russia, Belarus, Ukraine. Warshad waxaa laga helaa inta badan on carradu bacaadka ah oo kaynta geed iftiinka. Ugu yaraan - in isku qasan iyo kaymo. In nus qarnigii la soo dhaafay tirada Lycopodium ayaa si weyn hoos u dhacay. Mid ka mid ah dhibaatada la siiwado ee kala duwan ee la xidhiidha dhismaha tartiib ah u dhego spore-sameynta. In kaymaha caleemaha daaqsinka laga heli karaa inta badan generative. Intaa waxaa dheer, mar walba ma in sax ah iyo xaalad biqilka spore. Waxay u dhiman karaa fuuq-bax ama sano ha siin kor u gametophyte. Tani waa qayb ka mid kaliya ee arrimaha deegaanka ee la xidhiidha dhirta ugu da'da on Earth. Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay ku soo celiyaan qaddar ee deriska caalamka ku soo laabtay Paleozoic ah - lepidodendrons iyo sigillaria.

Xaalufinta, isbeddel ah ee Bbc beeraha ee saameyn xun ku galmada iyo asexual clavate dhalmo Lycopodium. Waxaa fuliyay ay ilaalinta in tiro ka mid ah dalalka Mareykanka, halkaas oo geedka waxaa loo arkaa dhif ah ee u baahan ilaalinta.