Kaymaha Mixed of Russia. Dhirta iyo xayawaanka kaynta isku qasan. Ciid isku qasan kaymaha

Broadleaf iyo kaymaha isku qasan ka samaysan boqolkiiba uga yar ee aaga kaynta of Russia, intii taiga dhilka. In Siberia, iyagu waa idinka maqan yahay dhammaantiis. Broadleaf iyo kaymaha isku qasan caadiga ah ee qaybta Yurub ee Russia iyo gobolka Eastern Fog. Qaab kaymo iyo geedo dhilka. Waxay kaliya ma ahan leedahay Halabuurka kala duwan ee tarabuunka kaynta, laakiin sidoo kale kala duwan ee duur-joogta oo kala duwan, caabiga saameynta deegaanka loo kasin, qaab-dhismeedka Muuse.

Noocyada iyo Yeeelid kaymaha isku qasan

Waxaa jira kaymaha yar irdo iyo dhilka iyo isku qasan kaymo. First koraan inta badan ee meelaha qaaradda. kaymaha Mixed leeyihiin a si cad u arki karo marsiiyey (isbeddel ah ee ka kooban of flora, ku xiran tahay height). heerka ugu korraysa, - gran sare, geed, geedkii. Wax yar ka hooseeya kordhaya bjørk, maples, eelaah, lindens, pear iyo geedo tufaax duurjoogta ah, oakery yar iyo kuwa kale. Dheeraad ah oo ku jira dhirta hoose: Rowan, viburnum iwm foomka ay duurka tier Next: .. Viburnum, yicibta, Hawthorn, duurjoogta ah u kacay ay duurka, raspberries iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Next iman xoortay. Qeybta hoose ee aad u korayo iyo geedo yaryar, lichens iyo Muuse.

Foomamka Intermediate iyo wadaniga ah ee kaymaha dhilka-yar oo irdo

feature xiiso leh waa in Arrays isku qasan irdo arkaa in ay yihiin oo keliya marxaladda dhexe ee dhismaha ee kaynta ku yaal dhilka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inay yimaadaan oo wadaniga ah: Arrays of bjørk dhagax (Kamchatka), geedihii Asheeraah bjørk kaynta, geedaha Aspen iyo Alder swampy (koonfureed ee qaybta Yurub ee Russia). nooca kaynta yar irdo waa mid aad u dhalaalaya. Waxay kor u koritaanka oo barwaaqaysan oo ah cover cawska iyo kala duwanaanta. kaynta dhilka isku qasan nooca broadleaf, by la barbardhigo, wuxuu la xiriiraa ah qaababka dabiiciga ah mid deggan. Waxaa lagu qaybiyey zone guurka u dhexeeya nooc boreal iyo kaymo ah. kaymaha dhilka-kaymo koraan bannaanka iyo zone hoose buurta qaba xaaladaha cimilada khafiif ah oo qoyan.

Zone qasan iyo kaymo kaymaha

kaymaha dhilka-kaymo koraan gobollada diiran ee aagga dhawraa. Waxaa loo kala duwanaayeen ee kala duwan iyo qaninimo of cover cawska. Grow strips go'aysa ka European Russia in ay Bariga Fog. Bbc waa wanaagsan ee dadka. Dhanka koonfureed waxay of taiga waa aag oo kayntana waxba isku qasan. Ayaga waxay ku faafiyaan deegaanka oo dhan ee Bariga Bannaankii Yurub iyo Urals ah (ilaa gobolka Amur ah). Ha u sameeyaan aag joogto ah.

Est Yurub broadleaf qayb xuduud iyo kaymaha isku qasan waqooyiga been at 57 ° c. w. Kor u baaba'aa ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba geedkii (mid ka mid ah geedka muhiim ah). South dhowaad taabto xuduudda waqooyi ee steppe kaynta, halkaas oo gran si buuxda u baaba'aa. zone Tani waa qayb ka mid ah in qaab reer xagalka ah, laba geesaha of kuwaas oo ah Russia (Ekaterinburg, St. Petersburg), iyo kii saddexaad - in Ukraine (Kiev). Taasi waa, sida fogaanta meesha hoose si broadleaf woqooyi iyo kaymaha isku dhafan si tartiib ah ka baxaan meelaha lagu qaybsanyahay ah. Waxay door bidaan diiran iyo in laga ilaaliyo dabaysha baraf dooxada webiga helaan dusha dhagaxyada carbonate. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga oo duudda nooca kaymo iyo isku qasan of Arrays yar si tartiib tartiib ah ay gaaraan taiga ah.

East Plain Yurub intooda badan waa yar-been ah oo dhul fidsan, laakiin mararka qaarkood waxaa jira hills. Halkan waxa ku jira asal ahaan, barkadaha dabbaasha iyo watersheds of webiyada Ruush ugu weyn, oo Dnieper, Volga, Western Dvina. Ay floodplains seeraha waxaa interspersed kaymaha iyo daaqa. Gobollada qaar ka mid ah, ka dhulka, sababtoo ah isku dhawaanshaha ka dhulka, iyo sidoo kale socodka kooban, mararka qaarkood aad u swampy. Waxa kale oo jira meelo leh carradu bacaadka ah, kaas oo u koraan kaymaha geed. The biyagaleenka ahuba iyo nadiifsan koraan ay duurka berry iyo cawska. Meesha ugu habboon kaymaha dhilka-kaymo.

saamaynta aadanaha

Broadleaf iyo kaymaha isku dhafan muddo dheer bandhigi saamayn kala duwan dadka. Sidaa darteed, arrays badan ayaa u xuub bedelay: Dhirta xagjirka ah mid gabi ahaanba la burburiyay ama qayb ahaan ama gebi bedelay dhagaxyada sare. Haddaba haraadiga noocyada kaynta kaymo in ay ka badbaaday cadaadis aadmiga culus, waxay leeyihiin kala duwan isbedel dhismeedka flora. Qaar ka mid ah noocyada badiyay meel bulshada wadaniga ah u koraan in degaanada anthropogenically wareersan ama booskaasi intrazonal.

cimilada

Cimilada kaymaha isku qasan halkii aan dhadhan lahayn. Waxaa lagu gartaa xad diiran ee xilliga qaboobaha (in celcelis ahaan ka bilaabmaysa 0 ilaa -16 °) iyo xagaaga dheer (16-24 ° C) sida zone taiga marka la barbar dhigo. Roobabka sanadlaha celcelis ahaan - 500-1000 mm. Waxaa si weyn loo badan yahay uumi, taasoo feature a taliskii biyo lagu dhaqo express. kaymaha Mixed leedahay muujinta ah dabeecad u yahay heerka sare ee cover cawska. Ay dabdhaliyayaasha waa celcelis ahaan 2-3 kun kg / ha. heerarka dabdhaliyayaasha qashin sidoo kale ka badan taiga, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay waxqabad sare ee sheyga ugu, burburinta walxaha organic si deg-deg u dhaco. Sidaa darteed kaymaha isku dhafan ay leeyihiin oo dhumucdiisuna waxay a yar oo heer sare oo qashin daatay badan conifer taiga.

Carradu kaymaha isku qasan

Ciid isku qasan kaymaha waa kala duwan. Cover waa qaab caddaalad ah jaho. On dhulka of East Bannaankii Yurub waa nooca ugu badan ee ciidda caws-podzolic. Waa nooc ka mid ah classic carradu podsolic koonfurta iyo waxaa la aasaasay kaliya ee ay joogaan of dhagaxyada waalidka nooca la gudboon ka. ciidda caws-podzolic uu leeyahay qaab-dhismeedka la mid ah oo ka mid ah profile iyo qaab la mid ah. Waxaa ka duwan podsolic at qashin massiveness (5 cm) iyo awoodda weyn oo dhan jahooyinka. Oo waxay ku kala duwan yihiin oo keliya ma aha. Caws carradu podsolic waa bidhaamayaan humus badan sameysa A1, oo ku yaalla under qashin ah. Saftay ka duwan lakabka in carradu podzolic. Qaybta sare ku jira rhizomes Sward iyo foomamka caws. Horizon la midab kartaa in midabo kala duwan ee cawl, iyo waxa uu leeyahay qaab-dhismeedka dabacsan. Power lakabka - 5-20 cm, saamiga humus - ilaa 4%. Qaybta sare ee carrada xogta profile waa acidic. Iyada oo sii qotodheeraata waxaa ka mid ah noqdo xitaa kuwa yaryar.

Ciid isku qasan kaymaha ballaadhan oo irdo

carradu kaynta Gray qasan kaymaha kaymo loo sameeyay gobollada gudaha ah. In Russia, ay u qaybiyeen ka qayb ka mid ah Yurub Transbaikalia. In korsiiya ciidda oo kale dhex gelin moolalka weyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, miisaska biyaha inta badan waa mid aad u qoto dheer. Sidaa darteed, kaadinaysaa ciidda si ay heerka caadiga ah waa kaliya in meelaha aadka u qoyan.

carradu kaynta Mixed waa habboon beeraha badan taiga ay muhashada. In gobollada koonfureed ee qaybta Yurub ee Russia dalka layaal ka samaysan 45% ka mid ah aagga. Rate share waqooyiga iyo taiga dalkii layaal ah waxaa si tartiib ah hoos u. Beeraha ee goobahaasi waa ay adag tahay sababtoo ah zavalunennosti leaching, waterlogging iyo ciidda xoog leh. Si aad u hesho wax-soosaarkooda wanaagsan waxay u baahan tahay badan oo bacrimin.

sifooyinka Guud ee dubato iyo flora

Dhirta iyo xayawaanka kaynta isku qasan waa mid aad u kala duwan. qaninimo nooc oo dhirta iyo ugaarta waa kaliya la hawdka kulaylaha u dhigma iyo guriga waa in bahal iyo geedo daaq badan. Halkan on geedaha sare u koraan oo xididdada dabagaalaha iyo xayawaanka kale, on taajajkii buulkooda Shimbiraha at masc xididdada aadamuhu bakeylaha iyo dawaco, oo aan ka fogayn afaer webiga ku nool. kala duwanaanshaha noocyada zone isku qasan waa mid aad u ballaaran. Markaas kalsoontahay sida deggan taiga iyo kaymaha kaymo, iyo kaynta-joogow. Qaar ka mid ah soo jeedid sanadka oo dhan, iyo kuwa kale ee qoboobaha qaboobaha. Geedaha iyo xayawaanka kaynta isku qasan leeyihiin xiriir siman. geedo daaq badan oo ay ku quudiyaan on berry kala duwan, oo kaynta dhexdeedana isku qasan oo aad u badan.

Geedaha kaynta isku qasan

kaymaha Mixed-irdo ku saabsan 90% ka kooban yihiin geedaha dhilka iyo nooca yar-irdo. noocyada Broadleaf ma aha wax badan. Wada jir ah ula geedaha geed oo waxay ku koraan Aspen, bjørk, Alder, safsaf, libneh ah. Birch ka kooban Arrays noocan ah ugu. Sida caadiga ah, ay ku jiraan dugsiga sare - la koray on dabka kaynta, nadiifsan iyo glades, jir dalkii aan la isticmaalin layaal. In degaanada furan, kaymaha sida ay si fiican u bilaabay in sannadaha hore ee sii kordhaya si degdeg ah. Ballaariyo goobaha ay ku kordhinaya hawlaha aadanaha.

kaymaha dhilka-kaymo ka kooban yahay ugu horrayn dhirta berooshka ah, lindens, metsys, geedihii alloonka, eelaah, eelaah, maples, iyo in gobolada koonfur-galbeed ka mid ah Ruushka - Beech, ash iyo hornbeam. The geedaha la mid ah, laakiin noocyada degaanka koraan Bariga Fog, oo ay la socdaan canab, walnut Manchurian iyo geedo canab ah. In siyaabo badan, ee halabuurka iyo qaab-dhismeedka of stock sii kordhaysa ee kaymaha dhilka nooca-kaymo ku xiran tahay xaaladaha cimilada, muuqaalka guud ee dhulka, ciidda iyo nidaam biyaha ee gobolka gaar ah. In North Caucasus Dadwaynaha geedkii, geed, Maple, berooshka ah iyo noocyada kale. Laakiin ugu kala duwan ee ka kooban yihiin kaymaha Far Eastern nooca dhilka-kaymo. Waxaa loo sameeyay geed kedar ah, qoryo beroosh ah Khingan, ayyanskoy gran, dhowr nooc oo Maple, ash Manchurian, geedkii Mongoliyaan, Linden Amur iyo noocyada hooyo sheegnay Dhirta.

kala duwanaanshaha noocyada of dubato

From geedo daaq weyn ee isku dhafan ee elg kaymaha, qoraafiga, doofaarrada, deerada iyo deerada Sika (laga keeno iyo qaab ku habboon). Laga soo bilaabo jiirka borotiinada kaynta joogo marten, ermine, oorso yar oo xeeb ku nool, chipmunks, otter, jiirka, adhidibadeed, minkiga, ferrets madow. kaymaha Mixed noogu badan leh noocyada badan ee Shimbiraha. Halkan waxaa ku qoran qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah, laakiin dhammaantiin ma aha: oriole, nuthatch, siskin, fieldfare, goshawk, grouse yicibta, bullfinch, Nightingale, cuckoo, ceelajoogjoogta, wiish cirro, goldfinches, woodpeckers, grouse, Finch. More ama bahal yar badan oo lagu soo bandhigay yeey, Lynx oo dawaco. kaymaha Mixed waxaa sidoo kale guriga si bakaylaha (bakeylaha iyo bakeylaha), mulacyada, hedgehogs, masaska, Rah iyo orso oo brown.

Likaha iyo nooca berry

Isteroberiga waxaa lagu soo bandhigay Patriots, miro guduud, karamberriga, karamberriga, blackberry, cherry, strawberry, gocondho, elderberry, Rowan, karamberriga, rosehips, Hawthorn. The kaymaha noocan ah waa likaha badan oo la cuni karo: Aspen, usheeda dhexe cad, chanterelles, russula, likaha, boqoshaada, boqoshaada subagga, volnushki blewits kala duwan, boletus, Mokhovikov, likaha iyo kuwa kale. Mid ka mid ah toadstools sun ugu khatarta badan yihiin macromycetes iyo toadstool cirro.

ku xoortay geedihii

kaymaha isku qasan Ruush noogu badan ku xoortay. undergrowth Tier aan caadi ahayn horumariyo. Waayo, geedkii adag lagu gartaa joogitaanka yicibta, geed dunmiiqa, in Yeeyi Cunto laka, qoryo Honeysuckle, iyo aaga waqooyi - buckthorn Alder. At cidhifyada iyo dhireed furan koraan rosehips. In kaymaha ah nooca la kulmeen dhirta lianoobraznye dhilka oo ballaadhkeeduna wuxuu irdo: Calystegia sepium, Humle oo kedis ah, qaraar.

dhalatada

kala duwanaanshaha weyn ee noocyada, iyo sidoo kale qaab-dhismeedka toosan adag leeyihiin cawska kaymaha isku dhafan (gaar ahaan dhilka iyo nooca ballaadhan irdo). The category ugu caansan oo si weyn loo matalay - warshad mesophilic sinaysta. ka mid ah wakiilo ka oakwood. Waa warshad caleentiisu saxan leeyahay width a taaban karo. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah: Mercurialis perennis, oday dhulka, Lungwort, ubaxa oo dooxada, European Wild Ginger, sedge xaad, Zelenchuk huruud ah, chickweed lanceolate, sochevnik (Black iyo guga), buluug la yaab leh. Siriyalka matalayo bluegrass geedihii Asheeraah, Rafaa fescue, cawska cawsduur kaynta, pinnatum Brachypodium, boron iyo qaar ka mid kale oo la faafiyo. caleemo xogta Flat ee dhirta waa ikhtiyaarka ah in ay la qabsadaan si kaymaha dhilka-kaymo fitosrede gaar ah.

Waxa intaa dheer in kuwan noocyada dilka ah ee nooc data ayaa waxaa sidoo kale laga helay cawska koox koox raaxaystaan. Its xilli sii kordhaya, waxay soo wareejiyo si ay mar guga, marka nalalka ugu badan. Marka dhalaalayaa barafka, kuwaas oo ubaxu qaab qurux badan ephemeroids rooga of anemones jaalaha ah iyo goose qaansooyin hohlatok guduud, iyo buluug iyo guduud-prolesok. dhirta, kuwaas oo ay maraan wareeg nolosha laba todobaad, iyo marka caleemaha geedaha ubaxyada, oo ay qayb ka anteenada danbeyn dhinto. muddada Dhibaatada ay la kulmaan ka yar lakabka ah ee ciidda sida tubers, nalalka iyo rhizomes.