Mass The gaws oksajiinta. Waa maxay mass ka gaws ee oxygen?

Atamka xubno iyo xeryahooda Britain muujiyaan mass dayac badan. Si aad u barato xiriirka taranta, gaar falcelin kiimikada, iyadoo la isticmaalayo dhawr tiro jirka. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah - mass ka gaws, taas oo loo xisaabin karaa ee atamka, udhigo iyo taagoo. Mid ka mid ah arimaha ugu muhiimsan on Earth - oxygen, oo uu ka qayb dhacaan, dareen diidmo iyo geedi socodka badan. Si aad u qabtaan xisaabinta sida ay qaaciidooyinka xeryahooda isticmaalo isleegyo reaction mass gaws of ogsijiin, kaas oo tiro ahaan siman yihiin in ay culeyska qaraabo la eb ama Britain.

oxygen

macluumaad guud oo ku saabsan oxygen (element kiimikada) ee

• magaca Laatiin - Oxygenium;
• Astaanta kiimikada - O;
• kaydiyaa qaybta sare 16 ka mid ah kooxda koowaad (hore - group VI A) ee miiska wareegsan;
• Waxaa ku yaal qeybtii labaad isla markiiba ka dib nitrogen ka hor fluorine;
• Waxaa loola jeedaa in chalcogen qoyska ka mid ah;
• Tirada element in miiska wareegsan oo ay mas'uul ka ah nuclei of atamka - 8.

Ogsijiin waa mid ka mid ah qaybaha of jawiga muddo dheer aan la go'doonsan laga yaabaa in qaab saafi ah. Gas loo yaqaan "naf-Bixinta", "elixir nolosha." Dabaal furitaanka oxygen wuxuu u qaybsan yahay dhexeeya saynisyahano dunida-yaqaan: K. Scheele, J. Priestley, Antoine Lavoisier .. Erayga "ogsijiin" Lavoisier la soo jeediyay, oo ku salaysan kaalinta muhiimka ah oo ah walaxda, atamka ay formation of oxides iyo acids.

Sida loo helo baaxada gaws ee element ah ama walax?

Marka fulinta xisaabaha kiimiko loo baahan yahay in la ogaado baaxada leh oo ku lug leh dareen diidmo ah atamka iyo taagoo of maadooyinka. Laakiin ay aad u yar yihiin, taas oo murug isticmaalka unugyada sida, sida grams oo kiilo. Xalka laga helay: bixiyeen qiyamka kale in loo fududeeyo xisaabinta. Tusaale ahaan, in chemistry qiimaha yihiin qaraabo mass qaaradda iyo kelli. The mass qaraabo qaaradda (Ar) sida tirada jirka ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in 1961 sano ah. Its qiimaha waa loo siman yahay si 1/12 mass ee la eb carbon ah (ku isotope ¹² C).

Si aad u qabtaan xisaabinta iyadoo la isticmaalayo qaaciidooyinka iyo isleegyo iyadoo la isticmaalayo this iyo qiyamka kale ee u baahan in la xasuusto ah xeerarka yar:

1. eb Mass nidaamka wareegsan ka kooban ag calaamad kiimikada. mass The gaws leeyahay qiime isku mid tiro laakiin unugyada g / mol ah.
2. Miisaanka of hal bar oo ah walaxda la go'aamiyo ka formula ee xarunta yihiin taas oo wadarta mass ka gaws oo dhan Qurub in Britain ay.
3. Haddii caanaha kiimikada waa index ah oo muujinaysa tirada unugyada dhismaha, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in lagu dhufto tiro ka gaws ee Wehliyaha this.

miisaanka Atoomikada iyo kelli ah ee ogsijiin ah

mass The qaaradda oksajiinta waa la helay oo ku salaysan tirada iyo qaybinta seddex ka mid ah isotopes dabiiciga ah: Ar (G) = 15,999 (in e m a ...). In xisaabinta, qiimaha this waxaa badanaa lagu soo koobay, jirsado 16. Wixii element kasta oo ay miisaanka qaaradda - joogto ah. From miisaankiisu yaqaan of atamka ee element la tiro qaaradda 8 waxaa laga heli karaa by mass ka gaws ee element oxygen. M (O) = 16 kale oo tiro jirka dimensionless - miisaankiisu kelli ah oxygen - waxaa loola jeedaa walax fudud. Xisaabi mass ee Britain oxygen, by tarmo miisaanka la eb on Wehliyaha ku stoichiometric in caanaha, Mr (O ₂₎ = Ar ^(G). 2 = ^16. 2 = 32. In dhaqanka, ma jirto baahi loo qabo in ogaado waxa mass ka gaws of ogsijiin, sababtoo ah qiimaha waa tiro ahaan siman yihiin in miisaanka u taagoo maalkii laakiin unit ee cabbirka ee g / jirjirroolaha. Waayo, xarunta gaar ah waa in ay miisaan kelli waa joogto, waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa si loo xisaabiyo tirada iyo mass oo ah walaxda.

qadar oo ah walaxda

In kimistari, sahlaansashada xisaabinta, waxa uu u adeegsanayaa mid ka mid ah tiro jirka ugu muhiimsan - cadadka oo ah walaxda. Waxaa loola jeedaa in aan la miisaan ah, oo ay tahay tirada unugyada dhismaha. unit ee cabiraadda xaddiga walax ee Caalamiga ah System (SI) helay 1 mol. Ogaanshaha in 1 mol ka mid ah isla Qurub sida ku qoran yihiin 12 g of carbon isotope ¹² C loo xisaabin karaa tirada atamka, taagoo, udhigo, electrons ku jira qayb imtixaanka walax kasta oo ka. joogta kale ayaa loo magacaabay ka dib markii saynisyahan weyn Talyaani Avogadro (muujinaysaa N _A), Iyadu waa tirada Qurub dhismaha taas oo ka kooban tiro walax haddii a - 1 mol. Qiimaha tiro of joogto ah Avogadro ah - ^6,02. 10 ²³ 1 / jirjirroolaha. Waa tirada atamka (taagoo, udhigo) ayaa tiro gaws. Qoondeeyey of tirada jirka - unit M - 1 g / mol, waayo, formula xisaabinta - M = m / n (m - miisaanka (g), n - qadar oo ah walaxda (bar)).

Waa maxay mass ka gaws ee oxygen

In dhaqanka, aan loo baahnayn in la isticmaalo caanaha M = m / n ah si ay u xisaabiso mass ka gaws oksajiinta. In dhibaato xalinta ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo ogaado inta badan, waxa mass, ama in la helo tiro ka mid ah walxaha. Xaaladda hore waxaa loo isticmaalaa formula xisaabinta m = ^n. M, labaad - n = m / M. Qiimaha tiro of mass ka gaws loo siman yahay si la eb ee element mass, iyo xoolahayaga oo ah - Britain. Tusaale ahaan, mass 16 g waa 1 bar of element oxygen. M (O ₂₎ - mass ka gaws ee Britain oxygen ah, oo waa loo siman yahay 32 g / jirjirroolaha.

mass The gaws ee oxygen u dhiganta

Loo yaqaan oo u dhiganta xaddiga miisaan siman of 1 mol of atamka monovalent ee element kasta. Guud ahaan, miisaankiisu u dhigma la go'aamin karaa by kala qaybinaya mass ka gaws ee atamka ee element kiimikada ay valency, helay by formula ee xarunta gaar ah. In xeryahooda oxygen ay ugu eg chalcogen kiimikada-element waa divalent. mass gaws ee oxygen waxaa laga heli karaa miiska wareegsan, miraheeda fekrado - 16. Miisaanka u dhigma of yar ka badan 2 jeer - 8 chemistry dabaqi dhigma sharciga, kaas oo uu dhigayaa in walxaha waa la wada jawaabay oo tiro ahaan siman ee u dhigma ay. Marka fulinta xisaabaha isticmaali kartaa mass u dhiganta gaws of ogsijiin si loo ogaado miisaankiisu u dhiganta oo ah walaxda for taas oo aan la garanayn.

Ogsijiin - mid ka mid ah arimaha ugu muhiimsan ee qolof dhulka ee, xisaabiyenimo 46.6% of mass. xiriir A fudud oo la magac isku mid ah - labaad ugu badan ee jawi dhulka ee. content ee oxygen kelli hawada - 20,947% by mugga. Iyada oo gargaar ah ee atamka xubin oo u taagoo dhici reactions iyo geedi socodka badan oo farshaxanka, warshadaha, nooca organic iyo imanba. Waxaa muhiim ah in ay tixgeliyaan xiriirka taranta in hawlgaladaa, oo aad bay u fududeeyaa isticmaalka xaddi jirka, oo ay ku jiraan tiro gaws oksajiinta.