The War Patriotic Great: tallaabooyinka dagaalka

The War Patriotic Great, tallaabooyinka in aan tixgelin doonna in this article - waa mid ka mid ah tijaabooyin ugu adag taariikhi ah ayaa ku dhacay ee Ukraine, Russia, Belarusians iyo dadyowga kale ee ku nool Midowga Soofiyeeti. Kuwani 1.418 maalmood iyo afartan habeen ku Waari taariikhda sida wakhtiga ugu hoobtay oo aan naxariis lahayn.

Marxaladaha ugu weyn ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic

Periodization oo ka mid ah dhacdooyinka dagaalkii labaad aduunka waxaa lagu sameyn karaa oo ku salaysan nooca dhacdooyinka ka dhacaya hore. In muddo kala duwan ee dagaalka, hindisaha iska lahaa ciidammada kala duwan.
Marxaladaha dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, faahfaahinta badanaa taariikhyahanadu sida soo socota:

• ka June 22 si November 18, 1941 (Phase 1 of War Great Patriotic);
• 19 November 1941 ilaa dhamaadka 1943 (Phase 2 of War Great Patriotic);
• ka January 1944 ilaa May 1945 (marxaladda 3aad ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic).

The War Patriotic Great: xilliyada

Mid kasta oo ka War Great Patriotic waxay leedahay astaamo u gaar ah, oo la xidhiidha goobaha dagaalka, isticmaalka noocyo cusub oo hub iyo faa'iidooyinka ka mid ah ciidammada. Waxaan jeclaan lahaa in marka hore la hadasho oo ku saabsan heerarka kala duwan ee ka kooban War Patriotic Great.

• Wejiga hore ee dagaalka waxaa lagu gartaa initiative buuxda ee ciidamada Nazi. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, ciidanka Hitler ayaa si buuxda u qabsadeen Belarus, Ukraine, iyo ku dhawaad gaaray Moscow. ciidanka Soviet, dabcan, sida ugu fiican ee ay awoodda ku dhibtooday, laakiin had iyo jeer u gurteen. guul weyn of Army Cas wakhtigaas ahaa guul u Moscow. Laakiin guud ahaan, weerar Jarmal sii. Waxay ahaayeen awoodaan in ay qaataan badan oo Caucasus, ayaa hoos yimaadaan ku dhawaad in soohdimaha casriga ah ee Chechnya, Grozny laakiin ku guuldareystay inuu qaado naasiga ah. dagaallada ee muhiimka ah ee bartamihii 1942-ka dhacay on hore ee Crimean. Stage 1 dhamaaday ee Battle of Stalingrad.
• marxaladda labaad ee dagaalka Great Patriotic, Army Red keenay faa'iido ah. Ka dib guushii ugu Stalingrad, ciidankii reer Paulus Ciidamada Soviet helay shuruudo wanaagsan ee weerar xoraynta. Jebinta ah Go'doonsan of Leningrad, Battle of Kursk iyo weerarka guud oo ku saabsan dhammaan Lugbuur mar cadeeyay in ciidanka Hitler ee ha dhawaado ama ha lumin doonaa dagaalka.
• In muddo kama dambaysta ah ee dagaalka Army Red inta lagu guda jiro weerar ku sii. Dagaalka ayaa ka dhacay durba dhulka ee Ukraine iyo Belarus. Xilligan waxa lagu tilmaamay in horay ay horusocod ah oo ka tirsan ciidamada Red si galbeed iyo iska caabin kulul cadowga. Kani waa heerka ugu dambeeya ee dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka ku dhamaatay badiyeen cadowga.

Sababaha dagaalkii labaad ee dunida periodization jira

Marxaladaha War Great Patriotic, ama halkii ay bilowgii iyo dhammaadka, by qaar ka mid ah dhacdooyinka muhiimka ah, dagaalo, kuwaas oo galay taariikhda dunida calaamadeeyay. ugu dheer waxa uu ahaa xilliga ugu horreeya ee dagaalka. Sababaha waxa ay kala yihiin sida soo socota:

• weerar lama filaan ah ee cadowga;
• weerar maanan ciidamada on hore dhulalka si weyn u fidiyey;
• maqnaanshaha badan oo waayo-aragnimo ah ee dagaal ciidanka Soviet,
• sarrayntiisa ciidanka Jarmal ee qalabka farsamada.

Jooji horay cadowga si buuxda kaliya dhamaadka 1942. Sababta ugu weyn ee guusha ee Red Army ee mudada labaad ee dagaalka la oran karo waa:

• geesinimo askarta Soviet,
• Fadilmo ee tirada ciidamada Red cadowga;
• Horumar la taaban karo ciidanka Soviet marka la eego farsamada (bixitaanka taangiyada cusub iyo goobaha lidka diyaaradaha, iwm).

Heerka saddexaad ee dagaalka ayaa sidoo kale ahaa arrin muddo dheer. soocin ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya 2-dii iyo marxaladaha 3aad hawlgallada milateri ee ka dhanka ah ciidamada faashistihii Jarmal matalayay xaqiiqada ah in 1944, xuddunta u ah colaada ku faafay ka Russia si ay u Ukraine iyo Belarus, oo la ogan weeraryahanka dhaqdhaqaaqa galbeed. heerka ugu dambeeya ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic qaadatay in ka badan hal sano ah, maxaa yeelay, pride ee ahayd in la xoreeyo oo dhan Ukraine iyo Belarus, sidoo kale dalalka Yurubta Bari.

Battle 1941

In 1941, booska uu ka Midowga Soofiyeeti, sida horay u adkeeyay, waxay ahayd mid aad u adag. Weerarka koowaad ee lugta iyo qaybo ka kaxaynta gaadhi ciidan Nazi gaaray Belarus iyo Lithuania. June 22 bilaabay difaaca Fortress Brest ah. Naasiga ay rajaynayeen inay Yuhuudda u gudbin van tani waa ka dhakhso badan ay ku guulaystaan. Dhowr maalmood ee dagaalka kululayd, iyo is dhiibin ugu dambeeya ee Brest qaaday 20 kaliya July 1941. Oo weliba waagaas kuwii Jarmalka ayaa horay jihada of Siauliai iyo Grodono. Taasi waa sababta June ee 23-25, ciidanka USSR guuray, kuwaas oo tilmaamo in ay weerar.

The heerka koowaad ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic ee 1941 waxay muujisay in heshiiska ay kula jireen cadowga aan tegey Army Red ma karo. Sidaas u weyn oo ahaa ciribtir ee naasiga ah! Sidee ahayd dib u gurasho ka bilihii ugu horeeyay ee dagaalka? Waxaa la dagaalanka maray. Sidoo kale, kooxda ciidanka iyo Communists ah, si aan u weyneyno nolosha adag tahay cadowga si ay u wiiqaan goobaha kaabayaasha aan la daadgureeyay kartaa meelo ammaan ah. Strong iska caabin Army ayaa lala xiriiriyay baahida loo qabo in ay ka baxaan xaggiisa dambe muhiim u ah wax soo saarka ee dalka.

dagaallada ugu weyn ee 1941 ka mid ah waxa xusid mudan Kiev howlgalka dhanka daafaca, taasoo socotay ka July 7 ilaa 26 September, oo waxay dagaal for Moscow (30 September 1941 - April 1942). Sidoo kale kaalin muhiim ah taariikhda dagaalkii labaad ee dunida xilsaaray difaaca of Odessa iyo geesinimo ee badmaax Soviet.

1942 taariikhda dagaalkii labaad ee dunida

Marxaladda bilowga ah ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic tusay Hitler in ciidanka Soviet in ay jabiyaan kaliya ma libaanaan. Aan soo bixitaankii nolosha ay Ujeeddada Istiraatiijiga ah in lagu soo qabto Moscow ka hor xilliga qaboobaha 1941. Ka hor inta aan May 1942 tegey on weerar guud ee ciidamada Soviet, taas oo bilaabay December ee 1941 meel u dhow Moscow. Laakiin weerarkan ay joojiyeen naasiga ee bridgehead Kharkov, halkaas oo kooxo badan oo ciidamada la hareereeyey oo dagaalkiina wuxuu u lumay.

Ka dib markii in, ciidanka Jarmal weerar, si ay dib ugu askartii Soviet lahaa in la xasuusto falalka dhanka daafaca. Hitler gartay inay adkaan doonto in ay qabsadaan Moscow, si gabada magaalada diray magac calaamad Stalingrad.

Sidoo kale fashiistaha weerar firfircoon qaaday on bridgehead ee Crimean. Difaaca ee Sevastopol socday ilaa July 4, 1942. Laga soo bilaabo July si November falalka daafaca firfircoon keentay Ciidanka Cas ee Stalingrad iyo Caucasus. Difaaca ee Stalingrad galay qorna taariikhda oo tusaale u ah geesinimo iyo laga adkaan karin oo afar askari ah Soviet. meel magaalada ahayd la gabi ahaanba la burburiyay qudhiisa, ka badbaaday ah guryo yar, laakiin naasiga ma ayna karin inay soo qaataan. 1 stage of War Great Patriotic waxaa ku guuleysatay SC ee Stalingrad iyo bilowgii weerar Soviet. Inkasta oo qaybaha qaar ka mid ah ayaa weli ka socda difaaca, laakiin dhibic ka jeestay in dagaalka horeba waa halkan.

marxaladda labaad ee dagaalka Great Patriotic

Xilligan waxa socday muddo ku dhow hal sano. Dabcan, sidoo kale, waxaa jiray dhibaatooyin badan oo in 1943, laakiin ka hor guud ee ciidamada aynaan mar dambe awood si ay u joojiyaan. Marmar, naasiga ah guurtay weerar meelaha qaar, laakiin dagaalkii Great Patriotic, marxaladaha, dagaal kaas oo aan hadda ka fikiraya, guurtay gobolka markuu ahaa cad in Germany ugu dambeyntii lumin doono dagaalka.

"Ring" hawlgalka ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey on February 2, 1943. Ciidamada of General Paulus waxaa hareereeyey. January 18 sanadkan, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay ugu dambeyntii jebin oo xanibaadda ee Leningrad. Maalmahan, Army Cas weerar jihada of Voronezh iyo Kaluga. Voronezh Egland cadowga on 25 January. Weerarka sii. Bishii Febraayo 1943, wuxuu qabtay weerar Voroshilovgrad. Tartiib tartiib, Army Cas aado xoraynta ee Ukraine, inkastoo aan kulli wixii magaalada joogay ayaa ku eeliyey by naasiga ah. March 1943 daayo xusuustay Vyazma iyo ciidankiisii counter-weerar ee Hitler in Donbas ah. Ciidamada Our ugu danbeyn saxiirtaas weerarkan, laakiin naasiga ah u suurtagashay in ay xoogaa xakameeyo horay ciidamada Soviet qoto dheer galay Ukraine. Dagaalka on bridgehead this ka badan muddo bil ah socday. Ka dib markii in, diiradda ugu weyn ee dagaalka waxaa loo wareejiyey Kuban maxaa yeelay, waxay u dallici guul on West ee u baahan in la sii daayay ka soo jeeda gobollada aagga cadowga Krasnodar iyo Stavropol. dagaalo Active aagga this ahaayeen abbaaraha saddex bilood. weerar ayaa waxaa adag by dhawaanshaha buuraha iyo tallaabo by diyaaradaha cadowga.

qeybtii labaad ee 1943

In taariikhda dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka ee July 1943 waxaa taagan. Muddadan, waxaa jiray 2 dhacdooyin aad u muhiim ah. sirdoonka Jarmalka laga maqlay oo ku saabsan weerar soo aaddan oo waaweyn oo ka mid ah ciidamada Soviet. Laakiin ma waxaa loo yaqaan meesha saxda weerari doonaan. Dabcan, saraakiisha sare ee ciidamada Soviet ogaa in basaasyo Jarmal hawlgala qaabab badan pride (iyo sidoo kale Soviet in Germany), sidaas ugu badan loo oggol yahay in koorsada ee khaldan. July 5 dagaalka ah Kursk. Naasiga ayaa rajeynayay in uu ku guuleysto dagaalka this, ayay haddana tegi doonaa on weerar. Haa, waxay si dirqi ah yaabaa inay u dhaqaaqdo, laakiin guud ahaan, dagaal aan la guuleystay, sidaas darteed in ay 20 maalmood July 1943 marxaladda labaad ee Patriotic War weyn gaadhay tayada ugu sarreysa ay. Iyo waxa ay ahayd dhacdo labaad ee muhiimka ah? Ha kale ma illoobi dagaal at Prokhorovka? On beerta ku dhow tuulada this waxaa marti abid ugu weyn ee dagaalka taangiga wakhtigii ay sidoo kale tagay Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Laga bilaabo August 1943 ilaa jiilaalka ee 1943/1944 ee. Ciidanka Cas ayaa ka xoreeyso magaalada inta badan Yukreeniyaan. Waxa ay ahayd mid aad u adag in laga adkaado cadowga goobta Kharkov ah, laakiin subaxnimadii 23 August, 1943 ciidankii Soviet u suurtagashay in ay magaalada galaan. Ka dibna waxaan u tegey inuu taxane ah oo ka reeban magaalooyinka Yukreeniyaan. Bishii September 1943, pride galay ee Donetsk, Poltava, Kremenchug, Sumy. In October ciidamada xoreeyay Dnipropetrovsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Melitopol iyo magaalooyin kale oo ku hareeraysan.

Battle for Kyiv

Kiev ahaa mid ka mid ah dhowr magaalo oo muhiim ah oo USSR. dadka magaalada dagaalka ka hor 1 yimid Man million.. Inta lagu jiro sannadaha ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, waxa uu hoos u dhacay shan jeer. Laakiin hadda waxa ugu muhiimsan. Ciidamada Red waqti dheer isku diyaarinaya qabashada Kiev, maxaa yeelay, magaaladan sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa mid aad u muhiim u ah naasiga ah. Waayo, qabashada Kiev lahaa in ay ka gudbaan Dnieper ah. Battle for webiga, waa calaamad u ah Ukraine, waxay bilaabeen September 22. Qasbo baas culus, qaar badan oo ka mid ah askarta dhintay. Bishii Oktoobar, amarka la qorsheeyay in ay isku dayaan in ay qaataan Kiev. The ugu haboon for this ahaa bridgehead Bukrinsky. Laakiin qorshayaashaas ogaaday Jarmalka, si ay u tuuray ciidan badan halkan. Kiev qaadan Bukrin bridgehead noqday wax aan macquul aheyn. Our sirdoonka ayaa helay hawsha si aad u hesho meel kale si ay u weeraraan cadowga. Waxaa soo baxay in uu noqdo Gornadahanaga noogana Lyutezhsky ugu fiicnayn, laakiin inay ku tuuraan ciidamada ahaa farsamo aad u adag. Maxaa yeelay, Kiev lahaa in ay qaataan ka hor sanad guurada labaad ee November 7, Battle amarka Kiev ayaa go'aansaday inay ku tuuraan ciidamada ka Bukrin on bridgehead Lyutezhsky. Sida xaqiiqda ah qorshahan Dhab ahaan wax aan rumaysan, sababtoo ah waxaan lahaa baxaday in cadowgu ku, hoos cover Habeenka, double gudbaan Dnieper iyo eryi fog dhulka. Dabcan, wax badan oo ka mid ah khasaaraha gaaray pride, laakiin si ka duwan ay qaataan Kiev ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn. Tani dabcan ka mid ah madaxdii ciidamada ee Soviet guulaystaan. Ciidamada Red suurtagashay in ay hesho si ay Kiev subaxdii November 6, 1943. Oo dagaalkiina maxaa yeelay, Dnieper ah qaybaha kale ee hore ku dhowaad socday ilaa iyo dhamaadka sanadka. Iyada oo guul ka ee dagaalka this ee wareega koowaad ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic.

Dagaalka ee sannad xisaabeedka 1944- 1945.

heerka ugu dambeeya ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic bilaabeen weerar Kirovograd ah. magaalada January 8 Kirovograd waxaa la xoreeyay. Sidoo kale bishii Janaayo, ciidamada Soviet si guul leh sameeyay weerar ay ku qaadeen degmada Korsun-Shevchenko (gobolka Cherkasy Ukraine), iyo sidoo kale ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba la xoreeyay Kiev iyo gobolka Zhitomir.

heerka ugu dambeeya ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida waxaa lagu sameeyey oo kaliya suurto gal mahad geesinimo ee ciidamada. In qeybtii hore ee 1944 waxaa la sii daayay ku dhowaad oo dhan Right-Bank Ukraine iyo Crimean ah. heerka ugu dambeeya ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by mid ka mid ah ugu weyn ee oo dhan sano oo dagaal bilawga Ciidanka Cas. Waxaan ka hadleynaa Proskurov-Bukovina iyo weerar uman-botoşani, taas oo dhalisay in dhamaadka bisha April 1944. Shiidaa dhulka oo dhan Ukraine la dhamaystirka hawlaha kuwaas ayaa la sii daayay, dib u soo celinta ee Jamhuuriyadda ka dib markii dagaal ka daal.

Red Army dagaalka ee soohdimaha USSR

The War Patriotic Great, tallaabooyinka taas oo aanu ayaa ka fiirsaneysa inay maanta, waxaa soo socda in ay soo gunaanaday macquul ah. Tan iyo markii April 1944, ciidamada Soviet si tartiib ah bilaabaan inay Leexin naasiga ee dhulka in bilowgii dagaalka sokeeye ay (tusaale Romania). Sidoo kale colaad firfircoon ka dhacay gayiga Poland. In 1944, dhacdooyin badan oo ku yiil xagga hore ee labaad. Marka soo gaartay Germany ayaa noqday lama huraan, dagaalka dheeraad ah si firfircoon uga qayb sokeeye oo ka mid ah isbahaysiga USSR anti-Hitler. Dagaal in Greece, Sicily, u dhow Islands Mariana, ee Asia - waxay dhan ayaa diiradda lagu guuleystay isbahaysiga anti-Hitler in dagaalka ka dhanka ah fashiistanimo.

3-da heer ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic dhamaatay May 9, 1945. isla maalintaas, oo quruumaha Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore oo dhan dabaal fasaxa weyn - Day Victory.

Cawaaqibta of War Great Patriotic

The Patriotic War Great, taas oo ah heerarka kala duwan ee dagaalka ahaayeen gabi ahaanba macquul ah, ku dhamaatay ku dhawaad 4 sano ka dib bilowgii. Waxay ahayd ka badan ayaa arxan iyo hoobtay oo ka badan Dagaalkii Adduunka koowaad, kaas oo ku dhamaaday 1918.

cawaaqibka loo qaybin karaa 3 kooxood: dhaqaalaha, siyaasadda iyo beelaha kaladuwan. In dhulalka la qabsadeen, halaagnay badan oo ka mid ah shirkadaha. Qayb ka mid ah dhirta iyo warshadaha ayaa la daadgureeyay oo dhan ayay dib u noqdeen. Marka la eego siyaasadda dhab beddelay nidaamka oo dhan nolosha dunida oo dhan, waxaa la sameeyay cusub xudduud. Tartiib tartiib dhisay nidaam cusub oo ammaanka ee Europe iyo dunida oo dhan. New UN waxa uu noqday damiin ah ammaanka. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, wax badan oo qof ayaa ku dhintay, sidaa darteed waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd in la soo celiyo dadka.

Marxaladaha ugu weyn ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic, oo waxaa joogay saddex, waxay muujisay in si sida dal weyn ku guuleysto sida Midowga Soofiyeeti, waa wax aan macquul aheyn. Dawladdu waxay si tartiib soo baxaysaa dhibaatooyin ah, si dib loogu dhiso. Siyaabo badan, soo kabashada degdeg dhaqaalaha ee USSR ah ay sabab u tahay dadaalka geesinimada ah ee dadka.