Ku biirista kibir Moscow ee Tver marka qof uu ku dhacay iyo waxa sannad? Ku biirista Novgorod iyo Tver si kibir Moscow

Qarnigii XI gobolka Ruush Old waxaa loo kala qaybiyey dhowr madaxda madax banaan. Ka dib duulaankii ee tataarka iyo abuuritaanka harqood Mongol waxay bilaabeen in ay kor u saamayn Moscow ee. Magaalada Tani yar noqday xarunta siyaasadeed ee dalalka Ruushka. amiirradii Moscow oo hoggaamiyay halgankii la joogow steppe ah. Ka dib markii Dmitry Donskoy adkaaday Mamai ee Battle of Kulikov, jagada hoggaanka this sii xoogaystay.

Novgorod ku biiro

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka lagu daro Moscow, waxaa weli ah magaalo yar oo hodan ah oo muhiim ah, kuwaas oo ku riyaaqay xornimada. First of dhan waxay ahaayeen Novgorod iyo Tver. Waxay ahaayeen ku lifaaqan Moscow inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada ee Ivan III ee (1462-1505).

Rabbiga Novgorod weyn ayaa had iyo jeer istaagay kulankii magaalooyinka kale ee dalka Ruushka. Qarnigii XII waxaa la aasaasay nidaam Jamhuuriga ee dawladda. Power magaalada ugu horayn waxa ay leedahay Rugta. Waxa uu ahaa kulan ka mid ah muwaadiniinta, kuwaas oo la tacaalaya maamulka ee muhiimka ah Novgorod dhex codbixinta. dimuqraadiyad noocan jiray oo kaliya in Pskov. Novgorod doortay ay amiirka. Sida caadiga ah, waxay ahaayeen taliyayaashii oo ka mid ah guri ammaan Rurik. amiirku waa inuusan wareejiyo laga yaabaa inuu awoodda ay dhaxal ahaan, sidii lagu falay kuwii magaalooyinka kale ee qadiimiga ah.

Ku biirista Novgorod iyo Tver si kibir Moscow keentay in markii waagu dhaqanka, la yaqaan in ay dadka deegaanka. Ivan III ma jeclaan xaqiiqda ah ee xorriyadda u talin jiray on bangiyada of Volkhov ah. In sannadaha hore ee boqornimadiisa ayuu u dhaqmeen heshiis hoos oo KT Novgorod Moscow waxa uu qiray gargaare. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jiray Koox ka mid ah dabaqadda sare kuwaas ma doonayaan in la xoojiyo saameynta ay Ivan. Kooxdaan boyars, madax u ah Governor ee xaaska Marfoy Boretskoy isbahaysi la Lithuania. Ivan arkaa falkan lagu khiyaanay. Isagu waa qirtay dagaal caasi. In 1478 Ciidamada uu ugu danbeyn soo galay Novgorod oo LABAGEEDI OO in ay hantidii Moscow amiirka. Waxaa lagu kala dhantaashay Astaanta ugu weyn ee xorriyadda dadka deegaanka - dawan kiniisadda.

booska uu ka Mikhail Khodorkovsky

Wakhtigan, Tver weli madax-bannaan ee Moscow. Waxa xeerarka dhallinyarada Prince Mikhail Borisovich. Ivan III waqtiga, waxaa jiidanaysay ka xiriirka uu la leeyahay Tver sababta oo ah dagaalka kula Mongols ah. In 1480 qabsadeen taagan webiga Ugra ah. Meeshii isaga ku xigtayna, Ivan ugu danbeyn helay takhaluso xaaladda addoon Golden Horde.

Ka dib markii in xiriir si kibir Moscow ee Tver. Ivan III ahaa saameynta dhinaca, iyo ciidan faro badan. Tver noqday dhibane ugu dambeeyay ee siyaasadda ee "ururinta dalalkan oo Ruush" sidoo kale, maxaa yeelay, lahaanshaha Mikhail Borisovich in la wado waslad dhexeeya Moscow iyo Novgorod.

taariikhda Tver

Ka hor inta in, qarnigii XIV ah Tver haystay oo dhan fursadaha si ay u noqdaan xarunta of midaynta dhammaan madaxda East Slavic. Waayo, wakhtigu waa qaar ka mid ah, taliyayaashii magaalada xataa hanti ahaan u qaadeen Vladimir - magaalada qadiimiga ah ee gobolka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kor u kaceen degdeg ah Tver amiirradii tataarka naxay iyo taliyayaal kale oo Ruush. Sidaas darteed, magaalada noqday dhibane u ahaa taxane ah oo dagaallo kuwaas oo derisyadaada oo dhan ku midoobeen isaga ka gees ah. Saddexda amiirradii reer Tver waqtiyo kala duwan madaxooda iyagoo badiyay Horde ah. Iyada oo halganka this for awoodda badan ee dalalkan oo Ruush Moscow ku guuleystay. Ivan III kaliya u dhammeeyey shuqulkii oo bilaabay ka horreeyay.

Moscow iyo Tver Midowga

Tver taliyayaashii, badiyay ay saamayn hore, ayaa isku dayay in la soo gabagabeyn isbahaysi la Russia, kaas oo ay ku noqon lahaa xubnaha loo siman yahay. Marka aabbihiis Ivan III, Vasily Madow ah, in isagay uu bilaabay jahwareer. dagaal u dhexeeya farac ka Dmitriya Donskogo (iska yeelyeelaan carshiga) ayaa loogu tala galay in ka dibna Prince of Tver Boris go'aansaday inuu caawiyo mid ka mid ah. Dooqiisa on Basil Dark ku dhacay. Taliyayaasha isku raacay in Ivan III guursaday gabadhii of Tver amiirka. Marka Basil dambeyntii xaqiijisatay carshiga (in kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in uu tiray), ururka la dhameystiray.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa guurka ee Ivan III sameeyey goysiga suurto gal ah in madax Moscow ee Tver. ina ugu horeysay (oo sidoo kale Ivan), mahad hooyadiis, haystay oo dhan xuquuqda carshiga reer binu uu awoowe.

xiriirka qaboojinta

crack ee xiriirka ka dhexeeya deriska yimid, markii si lama filaan ah xaaska ayaa ku dhintay Moscow Maria B. Duke. Dhacdadaas ka dib, ee boyars hami iyo aragti Tver bilaabay inuu Moscow guurto, la eegaayo in dagaal mustaqbalka. iyaga ka mid ahaa, tusaale ahaan, Daniil Holmsky - taliyihii caan ah iyo taliyaha ciidamada. Ku biirista kibir Moscow ee Tver lahaa inay dhacaan sababaha taariikhiga ah lama huraan, iyo soo bixitaanka of sabab u muuqday arrin waqti kaliya. Ivan III sarraysiin soo goostay, oo tilmaamayo boyars kale in ay fiican yahay inuu u dhaqaaqo isaga u adeega. Talaabooyinkani waxay ka dhigtay xiriir si kibir Moscow ee Tver jimicsi fudud. Elite nuugo magaalada ma iska caabin ah ay dhacdo lama huraan.

Weerarka ayaa ka soo socda on Mihailu Borisovichu ahayd ballan oo ka mid ah Bishop of Tver Bassion. In dunida waxay ahayd ina ka mid ah Jeneraaladii ee Ivan III. kiniisaddu cusub ayaa joogay isha gooyo magaalada u dhow. Oo isna wuxuu sameeyey wax badan in meel goysiga ah ee Tver si kibir Moscow. Year sano ka dib, Bishop Ivan Dispatches on gobolka maskaxda aristocracy deegaanka diray.

New Xulafada Michael

rajada ugu danbeysay ee Mikhail Borisovich si loo ilaaliyo madax-bannaanida laga yaabaa inuu noqdo isbahaysi la dawladda Polish-Lithuanian. Ku biirista Tver si kibir Moscow noqon lahaa dhib badan haddii ay daaficidda deriska Western. Marka ugu horeysa, Michael hanuuniyey by ganacsato taajiriin ah xagjir ah oo durriyadii Gediminas. Ayuu hadalkiisa ku koobay guurka saldanadii, laakiinse iyagu ma ay keenaan wax saami.

In 1483 Michael noqday carmal ah. Waxa uu go'aansaday in uu safaaradda qarsoodi ah u galay boqorkii Polish Casimir diro. amiirka waxa uu doonayay inuu guursado oo uu maayso iyo aad u hesho saaxiib lagu kalsoonaan karo. Ulaha ahaayeen Catholics, iyo in Moscow ay daweeyeen in ka badan qabow. Soon Ivan III bartay oo ku saabsan xiriirka qarsoon Michael. Ka dib markii in, wuxuu go'aansaday inuu ku soo bilowdo Tver ku biiro kibir Moscow ee. Taariikhda dhacdadan waxaa ku eegan socdo.

Fall Tver

Dhamaadka August 1485, Ivan III ururiyey regiments daacad. Oo wuxuu u tegey inuu Tver, dhawaaqista xaalad dagaal Mihailu Borisovichu. Joogsada madax ahaa waxba. Michael u cararay Poland. Haray boyars ee Ivan la weydiiyey inay ku qaado oo uu adeeg ka badan xiriir la dhammeeyayna ay Tver si kibir Moscow. Year sano ka dib, Ivan si tartiib tartiib tagay deriskiisa aan taageerayaasha iyo khayraadka. In dhamaadka, waxaa jiray hogaansanaanta kibir Moscow ee Tver. Haddii uu qof lahaa dhicisoobay ama hadda waa asaxaabta magaalada, iyagu ma ay siin karaan caabbi ee dawladda dhexe. Moscow uu ahaa natiijo dabiiciga ah ee ballaarinta halganka qarniyo jir ah oo u dhexeeya madaxda u gaar ah, kaas oo ahaa inuu ku guuleysto qof ka mid ah. Marka ina Ivan III iyo Vasily ayaa ku biiray Pskov iyo Ryazan, taas oo ku dhamaatay ururka of Russia. Moscow ayaa noqday xarun siyaasadeed ee qaranka, kuwaas oo horey u ahaa ma lagu muransan yahay.

Last Prince of Tver Mikhail Borisovich ahaa ee Poland, halkaas oo uu si nabad ah ku dhinteen 1505 (sanadkii la mid ah sida Ivan III). By Casimir, in uu helay xaafadaha dhowr, halkaas oo uu ku noolaa ilaa uu dhintay.