Konstantin Sergeevich Novosolov: Biography, hawlaha sayniska iyo bulshada, abaalmarinta iyo abaal-marinno. Nobel Prize in Physics (2010)

The jirka Ruush si fiican u yaqaan, heshay dhalashada British iyo sidoo kale boqoradu, xubin ka mid ah Society Royal ee London, Nobel Prize in Physics. Yuu yahay? Novoselov Konstantin Sergeyevich!

Biography

saynisyahan caan ah waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada Nizhny Tagil, gobolka Sverdlovsk August 23, 1974 oo qoyska ka mid ah injineer iyo macallinka Ingiriisi lambarka dugsiga 39, aasaasaha iyo agaasimaha kuwaas oo mar ahaa uu awoowe, Viktor Konstantinovich Novoselov.

In fasalka lixaad, Constantine ogaado kartida aad u fiican oo kaalinta koowaad ee tartanka heer gobol ee physics, iyo ka dib, ee tartanka All-Union, soo noqnoqda guusha, galaya tobanka ugu sareeya. In 1991 wuxuu ka qalin physics waraaqo dheeraad ah iyo dugsiga farsamada iyo isla sanadkaas noqday arday ka tirsan machadka Jirka-Technical Moscow ee. Waxa uu u tababaran ee qaaska ah "Nanotechnology" ee Kuliyada Jirka iyo Quantum Electronics, iyo qalin sharaf ka Institute, ka dib markii taas loo qaaday ayuu inay ka shaqeeyaan IMT Raas (Institute of Technology Microelectronics Raas) ee Chernogolovka. Waxaa uu dugsiga ka qalin qalin hoos jihada of Yuriya Dubrovskogo.

dibada

Sanadkii 1999, Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov - jirka ah oo leh sumcad hore u dhismay, dhaqaaqay Netherlands. Waxaa, at the University of Nijmegen, wuxuu soo wada shaqeeya Andrei Geim. Tan iyo 2001, saynisyahano ayaa la University of Manchester shaqeeya. In 2004 ay hesho heerka uu Doctor of Philosophy (madaxa Jan Kees Maan).

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov - professor a of Society Royal iyo Professor of Physics iyo Xisaabta ee Jaamacadda Manchester oo uu leeyahay dhalashada dual (Ruush iyo United Kingdom). Hadda waxa uu ku nool yahay ee Manchester.

cilmi

The yaqaan Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov? Sida laga soo xigtay hay'adda gorfaynta Thomson Reuters, jirka dadka Ruush-British waa mid ka mid ah inta badan la xusay saynisyahano. Laga soo bilaabo markii uu qalinka ku yimid 190 articles sayniska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu weyn ee uu cilmi baaris waa, dabcan, graphene. Dad badan ayaa maqlay hadalka, taas oo u muuqata mid fudud oo caan ah. Technology runtii kooban iyo xarrago, sida oo dhan cajiib ah. waxbarasho dheeraad ah oo graphene iyo codsiyada ay, soo bandhigo laga yaabaa aadanaha marxalad ah qalabka aalladda soomi iyo ultrathin mobile iyo Kombuyuutarada, baabuurta korontada, iyo dhismaha xoog leh, laakiin aad u fudud.

sharaf

Marka Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov u baxay inuu ka shaqeeyo Manchester University, oo wuxuu noqday madaxa jaalle ah oo ka tirsan Russia, Andre Geim. By markii uu muddo dheer ku hawlanaa cilmi aagga this waxaana uu awood u saari hab ay of Amda of wixii baabacooyinka ku ilweynta ee, oo ku salaysan waxaa abuuray cajalad dhegdheg, taasi oo markii dambe loo isticmaalay shaqada physics la graphene. Ka hor inta Geim in caawisay arday Chinese, laakiin, in erayada physics, shaqada bilaabay in ay u guuraan oo kaliya ka dib markii ay qaadatay Novoselov Konstantin Sergeyevich. Prize Nobel waxaa la guddoonsiiyey iyaga bishii October 2010. Novoselov waxaa hadda loo yaqaan horumoodka ugu da'da yaraa ee Nobel ee fiisikiska (ee 37 sano ee la soo dhaafay), ma aha oo kaliya la joogo uu cilmiga kaliya ee ka mid ah Nobel premiatov dhashay ka dib 1970.

In la mid ah 2010 Novoselov ka helay horyaalka ee Taliyaha Order of Libaaxa Dutch ee uu kaalin weyn sayniska ee Netherlands, iyo ka dib, sannadkii 2011, amar of Queen Elizabeth isaga ka dhigi doonto a geesigeeda-bachelor, ayaa uu qayb sayniska ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska. Xaflad weyn leh ee bilowga galay Knights ah ka dib lagu qabtay guga ee 2012, sida la filayo, at Buckingham Palace. Waxay keentay gabadheeda, Queen, Princess Anne.

waa waxaan idinku leeyahay, Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov, hawlaha sayniska iyo bulshada kuwaas oo ilaa xad ballaaran, la gudoonsiiyay abaalmarinta kale qiimaha waxbarasho ee graphene, noqday guusha abaalmarinta "Evrofizika" sanadkii 2008. Waxaa lagu abaalmariyey laba sano oo kasta, guuleysatay Nobel Prize dhex awardees ay jiray saddex iyo toban kaliya. Abaalmarinta waa abaal-marin lacageed ah iyo shahaado of waafaqsan. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay Kurti, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha graphene iyo liiska guulaha degaanka ee kul hoose iyo beeraha magnetic.

About qoyska iyo nolosha

Konstantin Novoselov waa farxad guursaday si ay naagtiisii u Irina. Inkastoo sidoo kale waa Ruush, saynisyahano dibadda bartay dalka Netherlands. Irina waxay ka timaadaa Vologda, ku hawlan cilmi duurka ku ayidhi, PhD (sha difaacay ee St. Petersburg). Lamaanahan ayaa waxay leedahay laba gabdhood, oo mataano ah Sophie iyo Vic ku dhashay 2009.

Stanislavski, in erayada isaga u gaar ah, aanu aabbihii, kaasoo toddobaadyo fadhiistay shaybaarka maraya carruurnimada ee carruurtooda. Waayo, isaga Been transistor yar dunida iyo baro gabadheeda inay tiriyaan illaa toddoba iyo labaatan - wax taagan oo isku xigta la mid ah. "Qofna ma abid idinku sameeyey," - ayuu yidhi.

Taa baddalkeeda, waalidkiis marna isku dayeen in ay xaddidaan wiilkiisii raallinimo. Waxay mar walba ku qanacsanahay in wiilkooda waa mid aad hibada, iyo, sida uu sheegay in, jirka ah, ma la yaabay markii uu helay abaalmarinta Nobel Prize.

Wareysi for magazine Esquire, wuxuu qiray in uu doonayo in uu barto in uu ciyaaro biyaano ah. Waxa uu u barto, si kastaba ha ahaatee, by inuu ogolaado u gaar ah, natiijada waa xumo.

on USSR

Stanislavski ku dhashay Midowga Soofiyeeti oo helay waxbarasho heer sare ah. isaga qudhiisuse wuxuu ku qirtay in sida aqoon qoto dheer oo halkaas wax yar si aad u hesho. Laakiin ma la doonayo inuu dib ugu soo laabto Russia. Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay tahay maxaa yeelay of this, qaar ka mid ah suxufiyiinta qasab isaga ku caayay oo uu la'aanta wadaninimo. Aqoonyahan Tani ayaa sheegay in ma ahan oo ku saabsan lacagta, kaliya ee Britain shaqeeyaan ammaan, maxaa yeelay, qofna ma faragelin arrimaha aad.

Novoselov qaadataa nolosha fudud, ma deggan fashilaad - taasi waa mid ka mid ah xeerarka aasaasiga ah. Haddii ay jiraan dhibaatooyin ku xiriirka dadka, isagu ma uu isku dayo in uu keeni nasashada, laakiin haddii ay tahay lama huraan, ka tago ereyga la soo dhaafay nin kale. In jirka dadka caanka ah waxaa ka jira dhibaatooyin badan caadiga ah ee nolosha, tusaale ahaan, uu u lahaa diyaar u ah inay qaataan wax lacag ah, oo kaliya si aad u hesho waqti qaar ka mid lacag la'aan ah.

Laakiin naftiisa u shaqo iyo nasasho, uusan kala qaybin, laga yaabee in tani ay tahay wax soo saarka tacliimeed ee muhiimka ah. Marka guriga, uu ka fekerayo inuu physics, iyo shaqada - kaliya nafta nasato.

Waa maxay graphene

Inkastoo, dabcan, dhammaan guulaha ay duurka ku of physics, shaqada ugu weyn ee Novoselov ahaa oo weli graphene. Qaab dhismeedka Tani, kaas oo ahaa ugu horeeyay ee la heli karo ee shaybaarka waxaa maamula noo shaqayn jiray, laba-waji leh "mesh" ee atamka carbon in dhumucda mid la eb ee. Novoselov isaga qudhiisa ayaa sheegay in technology aan la qasan iyo in la abuuro graphene kasta, ku dhowaad macmalay karo. Waxa uu sheegay in ay ku filan tahay si ay u bilaabaan ah graphite iibsan wanaagsan, inkasta oo waxa loo isticmaali karaa xataa qalin qori iyo in yar oo a on substrate Silicon iyo sharooto ah ku qaataan. All set si ay u abuuraan graphene diyaar u yahay! Sidaas darteed, wax aan la Iska Baraxay Inaanay doonaa by shirkadaha waaweyn, Novoselov iyo Geim macno ahaan u dhiibay dunida.

guryaha la yaab leh

Sidoo kale yaabay guryaha elektaroonik ah jirka ee wax this. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, graphene waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in transistors, kuwaas oo isku dayaya inuu sameeyo hadda in shirkadaha qaar ka mid ah, bedelida faahfaahinta yaqaan in qalabka mobile.

Sida laga soo xigtay Novoselov ah, graphene ka beddeli doonaa teknoolajiyada. qayb muhiim ah oo wax kasta oo movie sheekooyin sayniska - waa qalab cajiib ah, hufan, khafiif ah, ma jabaysa oo la shaqeynta weyn. Haddii garaafka si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa bedeli doona technology Silicon huriye of shineemo waxay noqon doontaa nolosha.

The waxbarashada dheeraad ah oo caan ah Novoselov iyo Geim? Xaqiiqada ah in ay ku dhow goobtii ka dhaqaaqay shaybaarka si conveyors, iyo qaar kaloo badan - ayaa ahayd mid aad u waxtar leh in sanadaha hore.

teknoolajiyada mustaqbalka

Halkaas oo uu hadda isticmaalayo graphene? Waxaa u muuqan lahaa in maaddadu sida dhawaan helay a aan weli si weyn loo fidin karin, iyo ilaa xad ay tani run tahay. Ku dhawaad horumarinta oo dhan weli waa tijaabo ee dabiiciga ah oo aan la sii daayay, waayo, wax soo saarka mass. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si aad u dalbato wax this ayaa isku dayaysa in ay dhammaan goobaha, laga yaabee, oo la odhan karaa dhab ah "qandho graphene."

qudhiisa Tiri, in kasta oo miisaankiisu yar yahay iyo hufnaan shiidaa buuxa (u nuuga 2% iftiinka kala qaado, si sax ah la mid ah sida an galaas suuqa kala caadiga ah), maaddadu ay tahay mid aad u waara. Cilmi-baaris dhow cilmibaadhe oo Maraykan ah ayaa muujiyay, in graphene waa isku qasan oo leh caag wanaagsan. Tani waxa ay keentey in wax culus-waajib ah in loo isticmaali karaa in dhammaan goobaha, laga bilaabo saarka ee alaabta guriga iyo telefoonada gacanta si sayniska gantaal.

Graphene horeba waa prototypes ah baytariyada baabuurta laydhka. Waxay waxaa lagu gartaa awoodda weyn iyo waqtiga xukun yar. Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay tahay sababta oo ah dhibaatada la baabuur koronto lagu xallin doono, iyo gaadiidka uu noqon doono ugu qiimo jaban uguna bay'adda.

Graphene waxaa loo isticmaalaa horumarinta darfaha cusub taaban, waayo, telefoonada gacanta. Haddii dareemayaal classical la qalo karaa on dusha a flat, ka dibna garaafka ah deficiency this faqiirsan, maxaa yeelay waxa ay la xootay karaa doonistiisa. Intaa waxaa dheer, conductivity korontada sare jawaabayo ugu yaraan ka dhigi doonaa.

In duulista,

gantaalo Housing iyo diyaaradaha, sameeyey iyadoo la isticmaalayo graphene noqon doonaa dhowr jeer ka badan si fudud, taas oo si weyn u yaraynaysaa kharashka shidaalka. duulimaadyo wuxuu noqon doonaa si raqiis ah in awoodi safarka ilaa darafka kale ee dhulka miyuusan karin inuu awoodi mid noqon doonaa. Laakiin, marka lagu daro gaadiidka rakaabka, taas saameyn ku yeelan doonin, dabcan, iyo xamuulka. Supply geesood fog ee adduunka ay noqon doontaa wax badan ka wanaagsan, sidaas darteed, in ay ku noolaadaan iyo shaqada waxaa jiri doona dad badan.