Kharkov kuleeliyaha 1942

Sida aan ognahay, ka maalmood ee ugu horreeya ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida iyo muddo dhawr bilood ah ciidamada Soviet gurteen dhererka xadka galbeed ee dalka oo dhan. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee xawaaraha dheereeya ee cadowga la joojiyay bishii November 1941, oo ku taal duleedka Moscow. Markaas qiimaha dadaalka aadka u badan ee Army Cas awooday inay ku tuuraan naasiga ah. Tani waxay siisay kor u qaada ciidamada ayaa kalsooni ku qabta in diyaar u ah ciidamada si ay u qabtaan weeraro ka geysaneyso. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qalad sida ayaa keentay in masiibo dhow Kharkiv.

qorshaha asalka ah

By markii ugu markii weerarka lagu qaaday ciidamada Jarmalka ayaa si guul leh joojiyay, iyo, weliba, cadowga ahaa dib u tuuro xuduudaha Moscow ka on meel fog si cadaalad hufan, inta badan warshadaha la daadgureeyay u Urals, halkaas oo gelinba in shirkadaha ugu sameeyay wax soo saarka firfircoon qalabka military. Qabashada hubka ciidanka si caadi ah ku soo laabtay, marka lagu daro, si weyn u kordhay shaqaalaha ciidanka. Horeba quarter labaad ee 1942 waxaa u suurtagashay in ay dhalin oo keliya ma aha dhamaystirka ciidanka, laakiin ciidanka iyo reserve sagaal.

Iyada oo ku saleysan xaaladahan, Taliska Sare ee ay go'aansatay in ay horumariyaan tiro ka mid ah hawlaha weerar qaybaha kala duwan ee hore iyadoo ujeedadoodu tahay in niyadda cadowga, inaan loo ogolaan inuu ku biiro ciidankooda, gooyn hore koonfureed ee Germany iyo, iyaga oo riixaya in la burburiyo. Waxaa ka mid ah hawlaha istiraatiiji ah oo lagu daray liiska Kharkov kuleeliyaha 1942.

Halabuurka ee isku dhac mustaqbalka

Dhinaca Soviet, waxaa la go'aamiyay in ka mid ah oo dagaalka ku jira ciidanka reer saddex furimood - Bryansk, South-West iyo South. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah toban sano ka badan ciidammada hubka la isku daro, iyo sidoo kale todobo qolofka taangiga iyo in ka badan labaatan demisku taangiga gaar ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, safka hore ayaa la toosin reserve, taas oo ka koobnayd unugyada gaashaaman oo dheeraad ah. Kharkov 1942 kuleeliyaha si taxadar leh, si ka qaybgalka ka badan 640 kun oo askari oo loo diyaariyey dagaallada mustaqbalka, oo ay ku jiraan saraakiil, iyo 1.2 kun oo taangiyada.

Command ee hawlgalka oo dhan ayaa sidoo kale la faray dadka ugu horeeya ee hoggaanka ciidamada ee dalka. Ka mid ah hoggaanka ahaa madaxa Front South-Western, Marshal Semyon Timoshenko, taliyaha xarunta madax by Ivan Bagramyan iyo Nikita Khrushchev. At madaxa Jabhadda Koonfurta wakhtigaas ahaa Lieutenant-General Rodion Malinovsky. Ciidamada Hitler ee uu hogaaminayo Field Marshal Fedor von Bock. Ciidamada Common tiriyey saddex ciidammadoodii, oo ay ku jiraan Sixth Army ee Paulus. Dhinaceeda, Wehrmacht u yeedhay hawlgalka kuleyliyaha Kharkov 1942 "Frederikus".

shaqo diyaarinta

Horraantii 1942, Ciidamada Soviet bilaabay farsamooyinkooda diyaarinta. Waxaa bilaabay formation of Gommadihinnana wuu xoog badan qaybo ka mid ah South-Western Front ee gobolka Kharkiv ee agagaarka magaalada sabiib, meel u dhow Donets Seversky webiga, on bangiga galbeedka kuwaas oo maamula si ay u abuuraan iyo taageero weerar dheeraad ah ee Kharkov iyo Dnepropetrovsk. Gaar ahaan, ciidankii Soviet ahaa awoodaan in ay ka gooyay line tareenka, kuwaas oo foomamka sahayda cutubyo cadowga. Laakiin guga ayaa yimaadaan oo waxaa la gaysto ee waddooyinka soo dhexgalay in qorshaha dagaalka - weerar lahaa in la joojiyay.

hortago

Sida laga soo xigtay qorshaha of Command Sare Jarmal maleeyey in kuleyliyaha Kharkov 1942 waxaa markii hore ka muujiyay in burburinta Army Soviet dhisay bridgehead ah, ka dibna soo galay deegaanka. weerar naasiga ahayd in laga bilaabo 18 May, laakiin Army Red ka hor Jarmalka, waxay bilaabeen in ay weeraraan lix maalmood ka hor. Hawlgalka ayaa la bilaabay la weeraro isku mar ah oo ku saabsan cutubyada Cadawgiinna waqooyiga iyo koonfurta. Sida laga soo xigtay istaraatijiyad ee amarka Soviet, Army Sixth ahaa si aad u hesho galay deegaanka - in kuleeliyaha Kharkov. In 1942, tan iyo bilowgii u muuqday kuwo ku rajo - hore ayaa qorshaynaysa xiriir Soviet ayaa guul leh u dhaqan. Shan maalmood ka dib, waxay si dhab ah u suurtagashay in ay wax miiran Jarmalka in Kharkov.

Isla, dhinaca koonfureed ee Jarmalka dulmin kaliya seddex ciidammadoodu Soviet, kuwaas oo u suurtagashay in ay jebiyaan oo ka difaaca Jarmal iyo aaso magaalada yar, halkaas oo dagaal muddo dheer kulul bilaabay. Waqooyiga waa ka maalmood ee ugu horreeya ee hawlgalka u suurtagashay in ay dhexgalin ee difaaca Jarmal on 65 kiiloomitir. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, jabhada South-West iyo South aan la cadeeyay inuu yahay mid aad u firfircoon, jidaynayey Jarmalka waqti ay ku xalliso xaaladda iyo in ay isku urursadaan ciidamada, keeno qayb ka mid ah oo dhan goobaha ay weerareen.

The ugu horeysay fashilaad - ka harbingers ee musiibada

Operation "Kharkov kuleeliyaha" (1942) ayaa si guul leh loogu qabtay dhinaca Soviet oo kaliya in maalmaha ugu horreeya. By dhamaadka maalintii shanaad ee dagaalka, waxaa u cadaatay in ay wax u socon sidii loogu qorsheeyo. Waqtigaa difaaca lahaa in la soo jiidasho leh si dhab ah jebiyey, iyo Ciidamada Soviet - in ay u guuraan meel fog ka hor, laakiin waxa ay weli ku tuntay safka hore. On qaybta waqooyi ee dagaalka difaac ka dhan ah weerarada Jarmal ah ayaa la adkeeyay. Taariikhyahanadu ayaa xusay in maalmaha ugu horreeya ee weerarka leh koonfurta iyo waqooyiga dhinacyada muujiso waxa u dhaqmeen. The xeryahooda oo ka mid ah jabhada koonfurta iyo South-Western, iyo dhammaan muujiso dhaqmeen, abuurista fashilaad halis ah howlgalka.

Sidoo kale, ma sameeyaan kaydka, diyaarinta dhismeedka injineernimada iyo caqabadaha ahaa heer aad u hooseeya. Sidaas darteed, dhinaca koonfureed oo aan la xaqiijisatay difaaca dhagan. Waxaa qayb ahaan waxa weeye sababtii kuleyliyaha Kharkov 1942 ugu danbeyn soo jeestay musiibo ee Ciidamada Soviet. Ha illoobin in amarka ma ku lug suurtagalnimada of weerar Jarmal intii uu howlgalku socday. kalsooni noocan oo kale ah u waxyoonay in la dhiso saldhig ka dhigteen.

riposte

Ciidamada Jarmalka ayaa sidoo kale la qorsheeyay in ay ku dhufan laba foori dhankiisa koonfureed goobtii ah in uu sii horumariyo weerar on sabiib ah. Inta lagu jiro qaybtii this of Ninth Army uu mas'uul ka ahaa. Waxaa la qorsheeyey in Jarmalka jebiyaan oo ka difaaca Soviet iyo ciidamada gooyay ilaa laba qaybood si ay u hareerayn oo iyaga si gaar ah ugu baabbi'iyo. Next waxaa la filayaa in ay sii wadaan weerarka ah inuu wax baabbi'iyo oo dhan group ciidanka, kuwaas oo naftooda tiirar adag in bridgehead ah.

Oo maalintii shanaad waxaa dagaalka ee Ciidamada koowaad ee Panzer u suurtagashay in ay jebiyaan oo ka difaaca iyo taageeridda Ciidanka Cas inay laayaan. Ku dar in maalinta ugu horeysa ay awoodaan in ay ka go'een ciidamada ugu weyn ee mid ka mid ah ciidammadii reer Front Koonfurta iyo suurtagalnimada in ay dib u gurasho bari toban maalmood ahaayeen. Malaha horay Kharkov kuleeliyaha 1942 (photo, xidhiidhin dhacdooyinka u soo bandhigay in dib u eegista) waxaa lagu xukumay. Tymoshenko, ogaaday xaaladda quusta ah, weydiiyey Moscow for gurasho ogolaansho. Inkastoo Alexander Vasilevsky, wakhtigaas hore u magacaabay Chief of Staff, oggol yahay Stalin ayaa sheegay in ay soodajiyo "maya." Sidaas darteed, on May 23 tiro badan oo ciidamada Soviet ayaa hareereeyey.

dabin cadowga ee

Laga soo bilaabo in Ciidanka Cas adag isku dayeen in ay jebiyaan oo go'doominta. Gaar ahaan, saraakiishii Jarmal yeeri weerar tirada Hadaba iyo aad u daran cajiib badan oo lugta. Isku day aan si gaar ah guul, saddex maalmood laga bilaabo bilowga ah ee deegaanka Ciidamada Soviet kala eryay oo meel yar oo u dhow magaalada yar ee Barvinkove. Waxa ay ahayd oo keliya wajiga hore ee dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. Kharkov kuleeliyaha ahayd oo keliya cidhibtii macquul la'aan ah oo tababar la'aan iyo isuduwidda. ma heli karo baxay Buuloburde ayaa ka mid ah qayb ka mid ah Soviet sababta oo ah difaaca Jarmal xoog leh. waxba Tymoshenko Labada kale in la sameeyo, laakiin si ay u joojiyaan weerarka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isku dayaysa in ay ka baxaan deegaanka sii dhowr maalmood. Inkastoo khasaaraha weyn (liiska macno lahayn oo ka mid ah dhibanayaasha ahaa) Kharkov kuleeliyaha u suurtagashay in ay jebiyaan oo yar tuulo u dhow Lozovenka. Laakiin ahaa awoodaan in ay ka dabin kaliya qayb ka mid ah toban meelood loo qabtay waxaa ku baxsadaan. Waxa ay ahayd guul burburiyo. Dhimashada kuleeliyaha Kharkov ee 1942 - 171.000 oo qof - ay naftooda ku waayay macno ahaan sida in, waxaan dhihi karaa, sababta oo ah hawada Stalin. Tirada guud ee khasaaraha gaaray 270 kun.

cawaaqib xun

The natiijo ugu muhiimsan ee failure ahaa daciifaan guud ee difaaca Soviet weheliyaan dhererka oo dhan Front koonfurta. Si cadaalad ah ciidamada badan oo la maal-kuleeliyaha Kharkov ah (1942). Caradiisa tub in dagaalka ka, waxa uu ahaa mid aad u xanuun badan. Oo Wehrmacht yahay, dabcan, iyo sidoo kale-loo isticmaalo.

Jarmalka ayaa weerar weyn jihada of the Caucasus iyo Volga ah. Dabayaaqadii June, ka dib markii marayay inta u dhaxaysa Kharkov iyo Kursk, waxay sii dhex qarxay si ay Don ah. Ku bixiyay Kharkov kuleeliyaha 1942 - liisaska dhintay biiray dhowr ka tirsan ciidamada, oo ay ku jiraan saraakiishii ciidammadiisa iyo jabhada. Laakiin halka Socda qaybo ka mid ah khasaaraha Front Koonfur ahaayeen badan. Iyadoo kooxda Jarmalka qaaday Voronezh oo u dhaqaaqay Rostov, ciidankii Soviet maxaabiista laga badiyay 80 ilaa 200 kun oo dagaalyahaniin. Rostov qaadashada dhamaadkii July, horraantii August, in cadowgu ku Stalingrad yimid - guul ah in Jarmalka ma awoodi doonaan in ay ka gudbaan.

About xaaladda Kharkov waa liibaanta ugu dambeeyey ee Wehrmacht ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, ayuu qoray buug Konstantin Bykov - ". Kharkov kuleeliyaha 1942 sano"

Ku noqo Kharkov

Dhab ahaantii, dagaal ee xuduudaha Kharkov jiray in ka badan hal mar. Oo kanuna waa la fahmi karo. Hitler bilaabay weerar si hufan ula Belarus iyo Ukraine. On hababka ay u Kharkov, Ciidamada Soviet mar hore bilaabay in ay diiradda saaraan oo ay bartaan inay dib u la dagaalamaan cadowga. Sayidka, ka kuleeliyaha horeysay Kharkov 1941 "karaya" ee bisha October. Markaas oo labada dhinac si ba'an u diriray Xoolo warshadaha ee magaalada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, by markii magaalada ku dhacay, inta badan waaweyn ee manufactures ama horey ayaa loo dhoofiyo ama la wada baabbi'iyey.

kulanka saddexaad ee xuduudaha la mid ah ka dhacay hal sano ka dib dagaalkii labaad. Kale kuleeliyaha Kharkov - 1943 - waxaa la aasaasay bishii February iyo March ee dhulka u dhaxeeya Kharkiv iyo Voronezh. Oo wakhtigii this, magaalada ayaa sidoo kale u wakiishay. Khasaaraha labada dhinac jiray in ka badan oo cajiib ah.