Keyboard Laptop: shaqo oo muhiim ah. tuuryo

keyboard Dhaqameed - laptop, ama "desktop", iyo inkastoo Lagaga ee baahsanaanta caalamiga ah "dareemayaal" on casriga ah iyo kiniiniyada - iyadoo la isticmaalayo taasoo dadka inta badan ay bilaabaan inay iska ilaawaan wixii waa furaha - maaddo deymeed oo ku tacaluqa universal. keyboard horyalka Talyaaniga iyo ergonomic - qayb ka mid ah soo dhaweyn gudaha computer kasta oo IT-enthusiast ah.

Istareexsan Isticmaalka qayb hardware haboon ee PC ah, ma aha oo kaliya ay muuqaalka - Sidoo kale waa shuruuda muhiim u ah gargaarka milkiilaha kombiyuutarka. Keyboard - taariikh ahaan waa element ugu horeysay ee ay gacanta ku PC ah, jiirka markii dambe been abuurtay. Oo maxaa yeelay muhiim ah qalab - gaar ahaan isku dhafan oo kale - by default, qalab aad wax ku ool ah iyo functional in gacmaha user ah. Waxaa jira version a in muuqaalada farsamada ee "desktop" iyo laptop predetermine qaar ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha u dhexeeya muuqaalada teebabka, iyadoo la kaashanayo oo maamulka oo ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee qalabka.

Miyuu nooca keyboard computer marka la eego shaqooyinka muhiimka ah shaqo? Ma waxaa jira farqi u dhexeeya simayo siyaasadaha arrintan la xiriira sameeyo by saarayaasha kala duwan buugga brand? Maxaa tuuryo keyboard, waxaan tilmaami karaa ugu waxtarka?

Furayaasha ku laptop iyo "desktop": barbar

Farqiga u dhexeeya asaasiga ah jidka ku laptop rada habaysan iyo "desktop" sida caadiga ah, waxaa aan arkay. Tani waa la fahmi karo - saarayaasha computer isku dayaan in ay soo saaraan kantaroolka ku haboon, u hoggaansanaayeen heerarka, si ay dadku u badan yihiin diyaar u ah inay soo iibsadaan qalabka, oo aan wax cabsi ah in ay yeelan doonaan in ay la qabsadaan xirfadahooda si ay meesha cusub ee furayaasha. Waa in la ogaadaa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, in dooddan waa ansax haddii computer la tixgeliyaa naqshadaha ugu caansan ee maanta - IBM PC. Waxaa jira heerarka kale ee hardware PC iyo qaabeynta software - sida, tusaale ahaan, Macintosh ah.

hawlaha simayo

Sidaa darteed, waxaa macno ah ma, ilaa iyo inta aan ka hadlayno hal iyo madal la mid ah in aan la heli karaa - badhamada ee "desktop-ka" version ama keyboard laptop ah - shaqo muhiim ah shiidaa isku mid ah kiisaska oo dhan u noqon doonaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Gudigga weli halkaas. Siyaabo badan, ay ku jiraan sabab ugu horrayn si ay u kala duwan yihiin ee dhinacyada "desktop" iyo laptop. user waa PC caadi ah, sida caadiga ah - miis. Waxaa karo keyboard aad u weyn. In ka qaabab design ugu dhiirato. Waxa kale oo - keyboard laptop ah. shaqo Key waxa on, in kastoo, iyo ku dhawaad la mid ah sida on the "desktop" - leeyihiin furaha loo baahan yahay si aad u is haysta. Sidaas darteed, soo saaraha laptop wuu go'aansan karaa si loo hubiyo in, in mabda, in meesha laga saaro furayaasha koox kasta.

Waa furaha calaamad on keyboard laptop ah, taas oo ku xidhan brand gaar ah? Inteeda badan, ma. Oo waxaa sidoo kale inta badan ay sabab u tahay arrin suuq ah: saaraha brand rabo user si, Aynu niraahno, caadaysteen in ay xaqiiqda ah in uu haatan heysto - keyboard laptop "Lenovo", laga yaabaa in si fudud loo habeeyey in qayb ka mid ah hardware ka ASUS, iyo qeybsanaan. faraqa, haddii ay jiraan, ay u muuqdaan in ay been ka design ka mid ah badhamada, dhererkiisa, qaabka, midabka, wax la sameeyay. The keyboard Acer Laptop, sidaas dhigooda shiidaa isku mid ka ASUS, HP, Dell oo wata magac kale, oo ku salaysan shaqooyinka muhiimka ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ay noqon doontaa mid waxtar leh in la ogaado sifooyinka muhiimka ah ee qaybinta hawlaha ku xidhan furayaasha gaar ah. arrinta No - waxaan ka hadleynaa badhannada ku habboon for "desktop", ama bartay keyboard laptop ah. hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee kooxaha functional, gaar ahaan isku dhafan oo kale - meel aad u xiiso badan ee awoodaha waxbarasho ee kombiyuutarka. Sidaas bilaabaan baaritaanada noocyada kala ah badhamada.

furayaasha function

furayaasha Function on keyboard laptop ah had iyo jeer waa hadiyad - haddii aan xambaarro on farsamada, sii daayay wata magac fiican u yaqaan saarayaasha - Acer, Lenovo, ASUS. Ka fikir waxa xilalka kasta. Dhamaan furayaasha shaqada 12. Waxay ku yaalaan kor ku xusan inta kale. Ina keena aynu wax taas oo ay mas'uul ka yihiin wax ka barato.

muhiimka ah ee F1 had iyo barnaamijkii si ay u caawiyaan caqabad - in nidaamka qalliinka ama barnaamij gaar ah. Habkaani la odhan karaa isku mid u ah dhamaan noocyada ee PC ah - iyadoo la isticmaalayo keyboard ee laptop HP, Lenovo, ama, ASUS ah - kala duwanaan ma leh. Xaaladaha qaarkood, haddii aan file Help dhisay-in waxaa la siiyaa barnaamijka, F1-saxaafadeed baro computer si ay u cabbayso iibiya bogga software ka la macluumaadka lagama maarmaanka ah.

Ujeedada dhaqanka ee F2 - keyboard laptop muhiimka ah ama "desktop" in magaca file ee la doortay ama folder.

button F3 kiisaska intooda badan mas'uul ka wacaya search engine Windows - loading ay interface caadiga ah, iyadoo la isticmaalayo, taas oo aad ka raadin kartaa faylasha on your computer oo dhan, ama maxaliga ah - ee suuqa kala gooni ah. Haddii aad u furo gal ah - waa la baadhi doonaa waxyaabaha ku yaal dhexdeeda, haddii an suuqa kala browser firfircoon ama, waxaad tidhaahdaan, Word, qoraalka ku yaal bogga.

Furaha F4, inta badan ku habboon isticmaalka qolofka file dhinac saddexaad - sida, tusaale ahaan, Total Taliyaha. Its faaiidada ee Windows waxaa loo arkaa by khubaro badan sida aan si cad. Laakiin view this qurxan yahay, adiga oo riixaya F4 ah, tusaale ahaan, in bar cinwaanka browser waa la furi karaa - waa ka dhaqso badan tallaabo la mid ah la jiirka.

muhiimka ah F5 waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in ay si deg deg ah u cusbooneysiin ka kooban yahay suuqa kala codsiga, desktop, ama Windows Explorer. In cid saddexaad ee qolofka file lug iyada, sida caadiga ah, waa arrin kale. Tusaale ahaan, in Total Taliyaha iyadoo la kaashanayo of this keyboard muhiimka ah buugaaga ama "desktop", ku wareejinaya files iyo fayl.

muhiimka ah F6 waxay leedahay qiyaastii shaqeynta la mid ah sida F4 ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii ay taasi ku, sida caadiga ah, ma dhaqaajiso liiska goobaha taariikhda loo siiyaa biraawsarkaaga.

badhamada qaar ka mid ah on keyboard oo ka mid ah laptop iyo "desktop" - F7, F8, F9, iyo F12 ma yihiin si adag functional qabanaya. Iyadoo ku xiran barnaamijka gaar ah, ama, lagu daydo qalab, waxay la qorsheeyay kartaa kooxood oo kala duwan. Tani waxay ahayd middii kiiska marka aan u arki karaan teknoolajiyada dissimilarity loo isticmaalo noocyada qalabka ama software soo saara.

Taa baddalkeeda, qiimaha furayaasha keyboard laptop ama "desktop" F10 iyo F11 waxaa ku filan cabiran - marka ay timaado iyaga oo isticmaalaya ee Windows. button F10 ayaa mas'uul ka ah furitaanka menu codsiga. F11 ayaa, sida caadiga ah, waxaa la qorsheeyay in la hubiyo in daaqadaha la demin ka hab caadi ah in shaashad buuxda iyo qeybsanaan ku xigeenka.

furayaasha keyboard buugga Function leeyihiin cayimayo a kala: sida caadiga ah, waxay barnaamijkii falalka ku lug leh isku-dar ah oo muhiim ah FN la gaar ah, kaas oo ku saabsan teebabka "desktop" kiisaska intooda badan, maqan yahay. Hadda waxaan ka fiirso dhegyadii ee iyaga la shaqeeya.

FN muhiimka ah

FN muhiim ah on laptop ah waxaa inta badan loo qoondeeyey midab ka duwan - tusaale ahaan, cad, ama buluug ah - si user ah si fudud u heli karo on keyboard ah. furayaasha noocan oo kale ah oo ku saabsan qalabka sida caadiga ah waa mid ka mid ama laba. Riixaya FN ee foomka saafi ah, sida caadiga ah, looguma talagalin inay qabtaan shaqo kasta. Laakiin ay isku dhafan oo furayaasha shaqada barnaamijkii galay tiro badan oo ah falalka waxtar leh. ay content gaar ah kala duwanaan karaan ku xiran tahay astaanta ah. Keyboard for ASUS buug, sidaas kala duwanaan karaan in hawlgelinta arrin FN furayaasha xubno ka hardware la mid ah qalabka Lenovo ama Acer. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khubarada u qeexday tiro ka mid ah xeerarka caadiga ah ee dhammaan kombiyuutarada ku saabsan isticmaalka fursado FN. Aynu u fiiriyaa.

In lala button F1 muhiimka FN laga yaabaa, tusaale ahaan, la siiyo computer si ay dami amarka (Power Off). Tani waxay ka badbaadiyaa waqti marka la barbar dhigo hawlgalka habraaca la mid ah ka fuliyeen la jiirka.

In lala button F2 muhiimka FN mararka qaarkood kuu ogolaanaya in aad soo wac suuqa kala goobaha la xiriira ilaalinta tamarta. Doorashadan waxa ay noqon kartaa mid waxtar leh haddii, tusaale ahaan, la helay in awood batari laptop ku egyahay, oo waa deg deg ah loo baahan yahay si ay u gudbiyaan si, hawlgalka ka dhaqaale badan ka kale.

FN muhiim ah on laptop lala button F3 mas'uulka ka ah awood iyo naafada interfaces wireless noqon kartaa - tusaale ahaan, Bluetooth ama Wi-Fi. Tani waa mid waxtar leh haddii, tusaale ahaan, on computer ah oo aan haysan shido hardware, kaas oo aad ku samayn kartaa tallaabo la mid ah.

In lala FN muhiimka ah F4 fure, sida caadiga ah, barnaamijkii inay gudbiyaan fariimaha in computer ka si ay u tagaan hab hurdo (oo aan xiraan). In noocyada qaar ka mid ah laptops isku darka sidoo kale mas'uul ka ah "baraaruga" of computer waa.

Isticmaalka isku-dar ah FN iyo F5 ku wajahan qaababka ugu tahay dhaqaajiso karaa ama barkinta signal saarka video si ay u bandhigay dibadda ah ku xiran via interface a St Paul in kaarka muuqaallo kale. Isla mar ahaantaana on buugaagta badan waa habka kaliya ee si loo fuliyo noocan oo kale ah tallaabo by hardware ah - kale waxay noqon kartaa goobaha software saarka nidaamka video xad dheer.

Disable monitor sida caadiga ah waxay u ogolaaneysaa isku darka FN iyo F6 ama F7. Tani shaqo oo muhiim ah waa mid waxtar leh haddii, tusaale ahaan, user ayaa go'aansaday in muddo ah in ay u guuraan meel ka fog kombiyuutarka - kiiskan, waxaad badbaadin kartaa korontada by deminta bandhigay.

keyboard waxtar leh oo ku filan - FN iyo F8. Waxay kuu ogolaanaysaa inaad si ay awood ama gab dhawaaqa on computer ah (kiiskan, heerka mugga hadda aan la dhigay in eber - ka dib markii mar kale adiga oo riixaya isku darka this, goobaha ay soo celiyay). Tani shaqo oo muhiim ah waa mid waxtar leh haddii, tusaale ahaan, qof u yeedhay on telefoonka, waxaad u baahan tahay jawaab degdeg ah, iyo PC la ciyaaro music cod weyn.

On laptops badan la siiyo si ku meel gaar gab Touch suuf - qalabka dhisay-in nooca-taabashada ah oo u qabata hawlaha la midka ah ee jiirka. Tallaabadan waxaa lagu fulin karaa adigoo riixaya isku jira ee FN iyo F9.

Haddii aad isticmaasho isku-dar ah FN iyo F10, waxaad bedeli kartaa khariidad keyboard ah. Tani waa mid waxtar leh haddii, tusaale ahaan, in ka badan furayaasha caadiga sabab qaar ka mid ah uma shaqeeyaan.

Haddii laptop ah waa rada u tiro (sida caadiga ah ku yaal xaq ah), ka dibna si aad u bilowdo ama barkinta waxaa suurto gal by shaqaalaynta isku-dar ah FN iyo F11.

isku dhafan ee FN iyo F12 la barnaamijkii karaa kala duwan oo ku filan balaadhan oo ah waxqabadyada, ku xiran tahay nooc computer gaar ah. Keyboard for buugga HP ku siin karaan mid ka mid ah, isku waslad ka mid ah hardware ka Acer - dheeraad ah. Xaaladaha qaarkood, taas oo ku lug leh isku-dar ah tallaabo software ah - tusaale ahaan, dardargelinta ee shaashadda dhaqaaqin hawlaha shaqada, gaar ahaan Excel.

Sidoo kale ogow in furaha u FN la barnaamijkii karaa in shaqo kasta oo lala ma aha oo kaliya la furayaasha index F, laakiin sidoo kale isku dhafan oo caadiga ah, taasoo ku yaalaan hoos ku rada ah. Mar kale, waxa ay ku xiran model ah. Keyboard for ASUS buugga laga yaabaa in xeerar u gaar ah, waayo, Lenovo, waxay noqon karaan kuwo kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, in qaar ka mid ah lagu daydo qalab isku jira furayaasha FN iyo on taas oo tirada bandhigay 1 (iyo dhibic la yaabka ah) nidaaminaya laga yaabaa in heerka iftiinku ee shaashadda. button The darka FN, iyo kaas oo la rinjiyeeyay tirada 2 (@ icon) ah, karaa, markeeda, xakameeyo mugga codka.

Sidaas awgeed, waxaan bartay waxa sifooyinka lagu gartaa keyboard laptop ah, magacaabista ah furayaasha nooca functional. Haddaba aynu u noqon oo daraasadda ka mid ah badhamada category ugu xiisaha badan. Waxaa loo yaqaan "furayaasha kulul". Waa maxay astaamaha ay?

furayaasha "Hot"

Dhammaan teebabka loogu talagalay naqshadaha PC ah, IBM oo socda Windows, oo sidaas daraaddeed ayaa sidoo kale in buugaagta, waxaa lagu magacaabo "furayaasha kulul". Waxay waxaa loogu talagalay dardargelinta degdeg ah oo ah hawlaha nidaamka qalliinka hardware ama software, taas oo wac ficilo mouse sida caadiga ah waa waqti dheer oo dhib badan. Tixgeli kala duwan oo ka mid ah qaababka ugu caansan in la siiyo "Fure kulul" in Windows 7 - mid ka mid ah nidaamyada hawlgalka ugu caansan ee maanta. Ogsoonow in isku darka ee badhamada, kuwaas oo aan hoos ku soo bandhigaan, waa ansax haddii aan at asturidda qalab kasta oo xogta keliya - "desktop" option, haddii kale, ASUS laptop keyboard ah. Assignment Key "nooca kulul", guud ahaan, on qalabka oo dhan isku mid ah. La siiyaa, dabcan, in ay ku rakiban yihiin Windows.

furayaasha Hot by ALT riixaya

Mid ka mid ah furayaasha aasaasiga ah ee rada ah, qayb ku leh hawshooda u ah ee hawlaha kala duwan ee hab "kulul" - ALT. Waa maxay fursadaha uu u riixriixan oo isku dhafan oo furayaasha kale? Waxaa ka mid ah qaababka ugu cajiibsan - si aad u bilowdo ama, guddi files sun, waayo, taasu aad u baahan tahay in ay isticmaalaan isku dhafan ee muhiimka ah ALT iyo P.

isku dhafan ee ALT iyo tab kuu ogolaanayaa inaad si dhakhso ah u kala bedesho daaqadaha codsiyada firfircoon ordaya on Windows. muhiimka ah ALT The isku dhafan oo button UP ee kuu ogolaanaya in aad fuuli sare ee dhismaha ka mid ah fayl daaqadaha furan. isku dhafan ee ALT iyo F4 xirtey codsiga hadda, ama, si ay uga baxa barnaamijka ama ciyaarta computer. isku dhafan ee muhiimka ah ALT iyo bar meel bannaan oo kuu ogolaanaya in aad si aad u furato menu macnaha guud oo ka mid ah suuqa kala shaqeeya.

furayaasha Hot adigoo riixaya Ctrl

Koox kale oo ka mid ah isu-gaynta faa'iido leh "madax" muhiimka ah Ctrl. Ka fiirso tusaale u ah isu-gaynta caan ah. Ctrl-A isku darka kuu ogolaanaya inaad si loo doorto oo dhan files iyo fayl daaqad, ama qoraalka oo dhan, iyo waxyaabaha kale ee kaalinta on bogga ama dukumeenti, tusaale ahaan, in browser ah. Isku Ctrl iyo C - qalab ku haboon oo si fiican u yaqaan dadka isticmaala badan oo nuqul qoraal ah iyo waxyaabaha kale. Haddii warqad labaad waxaa lagu bedelaa V, aan hirgelin karaan warqadda la soo xulay. Marka hawlgelinta halkii X C - shayga "cut", oo ka dib markii V saxaafadda - guuro user meesha uu cayimay ka.

isku dhafan ee Ctrl iyo N in la abuuro file cusub ama dukumenti in editor barnaamij ku habboon, haddii aan bedelo N by O - in la furo shayga. isku dhafan oo ka mid ah Ctrl iyo P soo diro qoraal ama macluumaad kale oo ka screen inay daabacdo si printer ah. Ctrl iyo isku darka Z kuu ogolaanayaa inaad laaban ee la soo dhaafay falal ay ka go'an by user ah. isku dhafan ee Ctrl iyo F4 sida riixaya ALT iyo F4 - xirtay suuqa kala firfircoon si dukumintiga, halka in kiiska labaad in baxa barnaamijka orodka gebi ahaanba. By riixaya Ctrl iyo ESC furi kartaa "Start" menu. Adeegsanaya isku dhafan oo ka mid ah saddex furayaasha - Ctrl, wareejin, iyo N si ay u abuuraan folder cusub. Manager Task laga heli karaa adiga oo riixaya isku jira ee Ctrl iyo tab.

button tuuryo iyo WIN

Xaaladaha intooda badan, button a on keyboard laptop ama "desktop" ku jira ee muhiimka ah WIN. button Tani waxay u eg sanduuq shirkadaha ee Microsoft. Iyadu waa nooc ka mid ah, ku habboon nidaamka qalliinka Windows ah. By habka, dawadu qaabka teebabka u yara ahaa oo dhawaan (haddii la horumar ah oo ka mid ah qaybaha hardware u dhiganta ee PC la barbar dhigo) - 1995, ka dib markii la sii daayo Windows 95. OS suuqa ee OS kale, sida caadiga ah, ma aha functional. Inkasta oo aanay had iyo jeer si - in hababka badan hawlgalka casriga ah ee xeerka shaqada furan oo ku salaysan button WIN si buuxda si buuxda loo fuliyay. Weli, isbeddel, oo muujineysa simayo of technology aan gaar u tahay berrinkii hardware, laakiin sidoo kale software ah. Ka fiirso wixii fursado furmay furaha WIN lug isku dhafan oo badhamada kale.

Haddii aad riix WIN ah isku darka muhiimka ah iyo UP, ka dibna aad geeyo kartaa codsiga uu furmo suuqa firfircoon si shaashad buuxda. Taa baddalkeeda, haddii aan bedelo in isku darka this on UP DOWN - yaraynaysaa in uu furmo, ama dib loo soo celiyo in ay size asalka ah. Marka aad riixdid WIN iyo arrow "tagay" window firfircoon waxaa u dhaqaaqay dhinaca bidix ee shaashadda. Haddii aad isticmaasho ah "xaq", wareeg ah sidoo kale waa daaqad oo isku jiho ah. HOME WIN isku dhafan oo kuu ogolaanaya in aad isku mar loo yareeyo ama, kordhiyo dhammaan daaqadaha, marka laga reebo in u dhaqmo sida firfircoon ah. Isticmaalka isku dhafan ee WIN iyo E furan kartaa barnaamij, Windows Explorer Windows. Ballaadhi ama loo yareeyo image ee shaashadda noqon kartaa by shaqaalaynta isku dhafan ee WIN iyo "+" ama "-". isku dhafan ee WIN iyo F bilawday files nidaamka search.

Simayo ah "software"

Xusay digtoonyey muhiim ah - oo dhan oo ka mid ah qaababka kor ku xusan ee dhinaca of furayaasha toobiye ay si buuxda u shaqaynaysa marka shaqeeya Windows. Haddii user yahay asturidda nidaamka kale ee hawlgalka - tusaale ahaan, Linux, ama Google OS, ka dibna waxaa jira kala duwanaan ee dhinaca qabanaya iskujir ah badhamada in hawlaha kala duwan. Isla mar ahaantaana, sida uu u sheegay badan IT-khubaro, universalization of technology kuma koobna in ay heerka hardware ah - magacaabidda furayaasha (sida aynu hore ee qodobkan ku yidhi), laakiin sidoo kale goobta barnaamijka. Taasi waa, haddii aan ka hadlo qoraalkii ugu dambeeyey ee nidaamyada hawlgalka kale oo aan ahayn Windows, waxaad in badan oo iyaga ka mid ah hirgelinta algorithms function "kulul" ama dardargelinta, tusaale ahaan, furaha WIN, la mid ah kuwa (haddii aan isku mid) in uu joogo in ugu caansan ee dunida ka mid ah nidaamka qalliinka.

sidoo kale ogsoonow in, taariikh ahaan, Windows - ma nidaamka hawlgalka marka hore, kaas oo furayaasha ah in aan maanta la bartay, ayaa laga soo xigtay. By waqtiga OS ee suuqa la heshiis keyboard ee functional iyo kale furayaasha - identically in habka aan iyaga hadda wax ku arkaa, ama hab aad u la mid ah - waxaa jiray in ka badan hal tobankii sano. Sidaas daraaddeed, ayaa in ka badan run oo u sheegay in dad badan oo reer shaqeynta muhiimka ah waxaa loo Yeedhiyaa ma aha oo kaliya by hoggaanka Windows, laakiin sidoo kale asalka taariikhiga ah.

natiijooyinka

Ka dib markii barashada design qoreysa teebabka for "desktops" iyo laptops, aan sawiri kartaa gunaanad qaar ka mid ah.

Marka hore, waxaa jira koox ka mid ah furayaasha isagoo ku filan oo xoog leh ku qabanaya in qaar ka mid ah hawlaha gaar ah - oo ay ku jiraan intooda badan. Waxaa jira, oo iyana, badhamada in laguu ogolaado in aad si aad amarradayda ka computer ku soo diri, ku xiran tahay macnaha guud ee codsiga gaar ah.

Marka labaad, waxaan la soco kartaa noocyo kala duwan oo halkii balaadhan oo ah isku darka furayaasha kala duwan. Marar badan, waxaa la isticmaali karaa sida kale wax ku ool ah si ay jiirka, iyo natiijada ka, si ay u isticmaalaan effektino PC ka badan.

Saddexaad, waxaan la soco kartaa heerka sare ee simayo ma aha oo kaliya in dhinaca furayaasha goobta iyo Noqosho, laakiin sidoo kale heerka fasiraadda ee isu-gaynta kala duwan ee xubno ka ah barnaamijka of PC ah - nidaamka ka hawlgala, codsiyada la daawado iyo tafatirka files, daalacashada.