Jarmal Truck "Opel dhantaalay": taariikhda iyo sifooyinka

"Opel dhantaalay" - waa laga yaabaa in mid ka mid ah baabuurta ugu caansan ee dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. Mashiinka la og yahay, sababta oo ah waxa uu leeyahay tiro. Waxaan ogaa gaariga iyo in USSR. Waxa kale oo jiray version drive afar-wheel a. Laakiin oo ku saabsan ogayn yar, inkastoo ay tahay mid ka mid ah baabuurta ugu horumarsan waqtiga.

The baabuurta ugu horeysay "Opel dhantaalay", helay qaab koobab, dabcan, ismaandhaafka xiiso dhab ah oo dhan. gaariga wuxuu ahaa mid aan xiiso leh oo keliya, maxaa yeelay, ilaa iyo dhamaadka 1941 oo dhan koobab ka helay by ciidankii Soviet, fiiriyey aad dhif u ah - inta lagu guda jiro askari oo dib u gurasho ka siiyey baabuurta iyo horjeeda kale ee qalabka. Production of warshadaha ee Jarmal baabuurta la yaab yaabaa - mashiinada ahaayeen wax badan ka kaamilsan. Baabuurta sida drive afar-wheel "dharbaaxo xooggan" in USSR iyo jiray ma at dhan.

wuxuu u dhawyahay hillaacu

History of Truck Jarmalka "Opel dhantaalay" iyo qayb ka mid ah mid ka mid ah ka qaybgalayaasha waaweyn ee dagaalka ka badan si nabad ah bilaabay. gaariga bilaabay inuu wax dhiso sannaddii 30aad. Shirkadda "Opel", kaas oo sanadkii la soo dhaafay noqday hantida "General Motors", ayaa bilaabay taxane ah oo lagu daydo ee baabuurta la payload hal ton. The "Opel", abuurista mishiinka, is ogow in aan Reichswehr - ka dibna ciidanka Jarmal ma kala duwan yihiin labada xoog leh ama taageero maaddi ah. Germany degdeg loogu baahan yahay oo la awoodi karo, waqti isku mid lagu kalsoonaan karo oo raagaya baabuur ah.

baabuurta ganacsiga iyo hadda dhif ah loogu yeedhaa magacyo habboon. Sanadihii kuwa, habkan sameeyay waxa ay ahayd cusub. Gaar ahaan in "hillaac" (oo la tarjumay sida "dhantaalay"), ku habboon lahaa gaari isboorti oo waaweyn ama jet dagaalka ah. Laakiin gaariga "Opel saareyso (hillaac)" waxay ahayd arrin si nabad ah. Laakiin in 1935 xaaladda ay isbedeshay sida jeer ay is badaleen, iyo automaker Jarmalka. Waxa ay ahayd in sanadkan in Brandenburg dhammeeyey dhismihii warshad casri ah, halkaas oo waxaa la qorsheeyay in la soo saaro baabuur oo keliya. Haddaba Reich ah mashiinada waxay u baahan sida ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah. Waxaan xoogga saaraan gaari ilaa 3 tons. Waxa uu dunida u yimid in 37aad ee.

Features iyo sooc

Gaariga mar la arkaa kaamil ah. qol The, loogu talagalay saddex qof, fiiriyey arrin fiican. Sida engine lix dhululubo ah, Jarmalka ayaa loo isticmaalaa qaybta 3.6 litir ah, taas oo siisay 75 hp Sida saxda ah unit ka mid ah marka lagu rakibay on model flagship rakaabka ah ee brand Jarmalka ah.

Lamaanahan ayaa lagu daray ka engine iyo shan xawaaraha gudbinta Buuggan-hal saxan xajin engegan. Mashiinka ku qalabeysan yahay absorbers lama filaan ah Haydarooliga. Waddo heerka "Opel dhantaalay" iyo kuwa ka qayb awood ah oo la degdegsiimada ayaa laga yaabaa in ay 90 km / h, in uu ahaa xawaaraha aad u sarreeya waqtiga. isticmaalka shidaalka min 25 ilaa 36 litir 100 km dhaxaysey.

daydo kadibna waxaa aad caan u noqday in Wehrmacht ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay la socdaan baabuurka monoprivodnom waxa uu ahaa mid aad u lagama maarmaan ah oo dhan-wheel gaari drive. militariga iyo ololayaal lagu qabtay meelo badan oo dunida ah - ay dhammaan kala duwan yihiin. Dabcan, waxaa jira, halkaas oo ciidanka u tageen inay Reich ah, wadada aan ahaa hortiisa. version aasaasiga ah ee gadaal u wheel awoodda load-ku sidday ee 3.3 tan oo ahaa mass buuxda ugu badnaan 5800 kg. Sii daayay 37 ilaa 44 sano ay. Mashiinka lahaa wheelbase a 3,600 mm iyo miisaanka waddada ee gaariga uu yahay 2500 kg. Vehicle qalabaysan haan shidaal hal of 82 litir. gaari xamuul ah ayaa sidoo kale fursad kasta oo ay jiido trailer ah oo miisaankeedu yahay laba tan oo.

40, lala version monoprivodnom bilaabeen in ay soo saaraan oo dhan-wheel model drive. Halkan, laba-xawaaraha sanduuqa kala iibsiga lagu rakibay ee intaa dheer in gudbinta shan xawaare.

engine

unit Awoodda siiyey 75 hooras ee mugga a of 3.6 litir. engine Tani waxay hore u rakiban gaari "Admiral", oo ay ahayd wax caadi ah shirkadda. Xuddunta ugu badan ee engine la tusay ee 3120 rev / min. waxqabadka Engine beegantay zis-5 Soofiyeedka, laakiin kooxda Jarmalka ay horey u ahaa yar crankcase aluminium mugga, madaxa dhululubo oo bir ah ee kabka ka dhigay.

this ratio riixo engine ayaa sidoo kale si caddaalad ah "rakaabka". Waayo, hawlgalka hufan ee motor waa in baabbi'iyee shidaal tayo leh oo kaliya. Tani waxay gabi ahaanba meesha suurtagalnimada isticmaalka shidaalka qabtay bariga.

Sababtan awgeed, in January 1942, "Opel" ayuu ku bilaabay si ay u horumariyaan beddelid engine oo cabirku yahay riixo hoose. Isbeddelladan keenay hoos u dhac ku kor awood u leeyahay 68 hooras. xawaaraha ugu badan hoos ilaa 80 km / h. Mashiinka lahaa reserve wanaagsan oo gaari la qalabeeyey taangiga shidaalka ee 92 litir ah.

Iyadoo casriyeynta iyo kordhay isticmaalka shidaalka, gaariga bilaabay inay u baabba'do ilaa 30 litir oo waddada weyn oo tayo sare leh oo ku saabsan 40 litir ee xaaladaha off-road.

Afar-wheel drive

Khubarada-taariikhyahanadu ee warshadaha ee baabuurka Jarmal intii lagu jiray dagaalka, ayaa ku dooday in "Opel dhantaalay" drive Wehrmacht-wheel (loogu talagalay in sanadka 38aad) aan la abuuray ee baahida ciidanka. Waxaan aaminsanahay in ay tahay mid aad u adag. Vehicle ka badan loo baahan yahay iyo Wehrmacht iyo SS. In Reich lahaa qorshe weyn. Oo kii, haddii aanay shirkaddu, "Opel", si loo hindiso iyo in la dhiso mashiinka noocan oo kale ah. Base marka la barbar dhigo model monoprivodnom ahaa wax yar ka gaaban. gaari Standard ayaa saldhig of 3600 mm. cab la motor ka dib. Ansixin tagay la mid ah sida ay ahayd. Waxaa si siman u 225 milimitir. Waayo, gaari-dhul ma aha wax badan. The giraangiraha gadaal loo xiraa. Maaddaama ay gaari kala jar wanaagsan oo kedis ah ayaa laga yaabaa in ay 40 darajo.

In nidaamka gudbinta, sida aynu hore u sheegnay, waxaan ku darsannay sanduuqa kala iibsiga ah. Its ratio waa 1: 1,93. Isla mar ahaantaana ay u fuliyaan bedesheen ka Safka sare oo ka mid ah geerka hoose ayaa laga yaabaa inuu ku biiro - kaliya aad u baahan tahay in ay isticmaalaan a qabashada xajin double. Muddo sanado ah kuwa, qaab-dhismeedka this ayaa failed.

Afar-wheel drive - waa dhex kordhay iyo fursadaha badan oo ku saabsan waddooyinka. Laakiin faa'iidooyinka kuwan waxaa lagu gaari allabaryo badan. Sidaas darteed, kor u dhex, iyo waxa kor u kacay iyo isticmaalka shidaalka. On xogta baasaboorka Truck "Opel dhantaalay" Waxaan si loo dhammeeyo ilaa 40 litir. shidaalka ee dhaqdhaqaaq ay jiraan waddooyin kale ma jiro. Laakiin waa in la sheegay in, halkaas oo askari oo Jarmal u tegey on mashiinada kuwan, isticmaalka shidaalka aan ahaa muhiim ah. xawaaraha ugu badan ee gaariga Waddo yahay 85 km / h.

Baaritaano la sameeyay ayaa muujisay in gaari xamuul ah model this si fiican u asiibi karo hawlaha ay. Oo sidaas daraaddeed, 1940, baabuur ee ay maamusho ee taxanahan. Imtixaanka first on share ee gaariga fudud ee ganacsiga ayaa ka dhacay sanadkii th 41. Mashiinka waxaa la tijaabiyey in Africa - baabuur iibsaday loogu tiriyey hawsha Asluubta Rommel ee.

Privations iyo iyaguba

Wheel version drive ee "Opel dhantaalay" (sawirka eeg in this article), waxaan aad u hesho wax badan ka wanaagsan yahay blitzkrieg qorsheeyay. War Germany, iyo dunida oo dhan u beddelay ah musiibadii ku daatay weyn. Waxay dareemeen dadka ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale technology, iyo oo ay ku jiraan baabuurta. Oo ha baabuurta Jarmal qummanahay, laakiin waxay ahaayeen dayrta ee 1941 waxaa macno ahaan Hawiyaha ee dhoobada Ruush. dhaxan Winter matoorada Ruush baaro si ay joogsadeen si ay u bilaabaan. Xaaladahan oo kale, oo dhan-wheel eryi Jarmal Truck "Opel dhantaalay" ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u noqdaan khasaare.

beddelka

"Dhantaalay" waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa in ku dhowaad dhammaan qaababka ciidanka Jarmal. Markaasay waxay u keeneen xamuulka, jiidaya qalab, gaadiid lugta.

jiifku ay gaari lagu rakibay noocyo kala duwan oo lagu daydo ee jirkooda alwaax iyo bir looxyo meelaha kala duwan, oo teendhooyinkooda ka shaqeeya, kuraasta iyo qalabka kale. On ku salaysan hab doorinta kala duwan abuuray madal. Model "Opel dhantaalay" soo baxday in aad u wejiyo.

Gaari gaadiid ay ku dhaawacmeen

Shirkadda Jarmal The "Mize" rakibay gaari xamuul ah oo lagu soo koobay jirka ah nadaafada, taas oo gaadiidka dhaawaca iyo iyagiina wuxuu dhex dhigay beerta qalliinka iyo shaybaarka. Shirkadda ayaa sidoo kale soo saarta baabuur universal iyo dab. model saldhig bamka gaariga loo adeegsaday ayaa, dhisay on boosteejo gadaal drive. On ku salaysan haanta dab drive dhan-wheel la abuuray.

baska W39

Tani waa wax ka beddelid ugu fiican u yaqaan. Her waxaad ka arki kartaa sawirka hoose. Loogu talagalay baska ciidanka, oo la yimaada jirka-birta oo dhan. waxaa gudaha ku haboon laga yaabaa 30-32 qof. Soo saaray mashiinada, kuwaas oo 39 ay u '44. model ayaa waxaa loogu tala galay gaadiidka ka mid ah saraakiisha ujeedooyin caafi.

basaska Kuwani degay xarunta, daabacaadda. gaari xamuul ah ayaa gaari kara xawaare la mid ah sida model salka. isticmaalka shidaalka waa ugu yaraan soddon litir boqol oo kiilomitir.

Bedelida ah "Mule"

Iyadoo 42 '44 sii daayay afar kun oo bar-track gaari-cagaf ku saleysan "Opel" jiifku polnopriovdnogo. Mid ka mid ah lagu daydo oo aad ku arki kartaa sawirka hoose. In ka beddelid ka mid ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo matoorada khafiifa. liisanka ayaa lagu iibsaday dagaalka ka hor. Truck qalabaysan taageeraya rollers disc iyo kuwan raadkaygay nidaamka badala xawaaraha wareeg.

Waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah baabuurta ugu guulaha badan. model Tani waxa ay ahayd inay awoodaan inay dhacaan inta u dhaxaysa wax soo saarka isla "Ford" iyo "Klöckner-Deutz". miisaanka Vehicle ahaa ku dhawaad lix kun oo kilo, oo 100 kiiloomitir waxaa lagama maarmaan ah 50 litir oo shidaal ahaa. xawaaraha at kaas oo uu ahaa awoodaan in ay dardar-gaari xamuul ah, si ay wax ka badan 38 kilomitir saacaddii (sababta oo ah miisaanka unladen sare).

Maanta waxaad ka iibsan kartaa "Opel saareyso (Mule)" 1:35. Hoos u model sax ah. Waxa ay noqon doontaa mid xiiso leh in kuwa ku mashquulsan yihiin taariikh military iyo baabuurta. On ku salaysan jiifku ku abuuray iyo beddelka kale, si kastaba ha ahaatee - kuwani waa kuwa ugu muhiimsan, iyo ugu caansan.

"Dharbaaxo xooggan" ka dib markii dagaalka

In xagaagii 1944, ka dib markii qarax xooggan, labada warshad weyn ee "Opel" burburay. wax soo saarka ee baabuurta, kuwaas oo dhigay at the "Daimler-Benz". Dagaalka ka dib qalabka oo dhan waxaa laga soo qaaday in Midowga Soofiyeeti, iyo "Opel" la Maraykanka dib u dhiska wax soo saarka iyo sii waday in ay soo saaraan baabuur kuwan.

Ka dib markii dhawr sannadood dhaafaan waxa la soo saari doonaa "Opel Bedford dhantaalay", kaas oo noqon doona sifooyinka kala duwan farsamo wanaagsan iyo qalabka. Laakiin taasi waa sheeko kale.

gunaanad

Sidaas awgeed, waxaan soo baxay tirada taariikhda Truck "Opel dhantaalay". Jarmal "hillaac" - waa analoogga ah Gorky ee "baabuur". Laakiin our qalabka Soviet ahayd ka badan ayaa Hardy. Gaari xamuul ah "Opel" ayaa diiday in ay bilowdo in ay dhaxan daran oo ay fududahay in la fadhiisan "on caloosha" sababta oo ah ansixin 22-centimitir ah. Si aad u taariikhda, mashiinada, kuwaas oo loo arki karaa oo keliya sida soo bandhigid museum ama nidaamyada hoos u dhac ku ururin gaar ahaaneed.