Irene Joliot-Curie: Biography gaaban, sawiro

Irène Joliot-Curie (photo waxay muujinaysaa dambe ee maqaalka) - gabadhii ugu weynaa ee Marie iyo Pierre Curie saynisyahano caanka helay Nobel Prize in Chemistry ee 1935 oo uu helay iyada, ninkeeda of shucaaca aan dabiici ahayn. Waxa uu mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ka bilaabay cilmiga ah sida caawiye ka ahaa baadhitaanka Institute radium ee Paris, aasaasay by waalidkeed ah, ayay ugu dhakhsaha bedelay hooyadeed noqday kormeeraha. Waxaa ayay kulmeen ninkeedii iyo lammaanahaaga sayniska nolosha Frederikom Zholio. Sida caadiga ah, waxay u saxiixay natiijooyinka ay isku dhafan ee qoyska ay.

Irene Joliot-Curie: Biography gaaban

Irene ayaa ku dhashay on 12/09/1897 in Paris ee qoyska Maryan iyo ku guuleystay abaalmarinta Nobel Prize , Pierre Curie. Her carruurnimada ahayd arrin aan caadi ahayn - koriinkedu dhacay ee shirkadda oo ah cilmibaadhe oo cajiib ah. Waalidku waxay wada guursadeen sanadkii 1895 oo uu naftiisa in physics Nagi, qabashada tijaabo uu shaybaar la shucaaca. Mariya Kyuri ahaa ayaa qarka u saaran daahfurka ee radium, marka in yar Irene, ama "ayuu iyada boqorad uga yar," sida hooyadeed yeedhay gabadheeda, waxay ahayd oo kaliya dhawr bilood jir ah.

Gabadha ku koray oo aan muddo sanado ah, laakiin ilmo xishood. Iyadu waa mid aad u leeyihiin in iska hooyadiis, oo ahaa inta badan mashquul ku tijaabo ay. Marka, maalin dheer ee shaybaarka ka dib, "Queen" kulmay hooyadiis u argaggaxay, miraha dalbanayaan, Mary u jeesan oo u tegey suuqa si ay u gutaan dooni gabadhiisa. dhimashadii ku timid shil aabbeheed Pierre 1908 Ka dib, saameyn weyn ku Irene bilaabay sidii uu awoowe on aabbihiisna wuxuu Ezhen Kyuri. Eebe wuxuu baray oo cilmi barasho dhir maayso iyo taariikhda dabiiciga ah, markii ay ku bixisay xagaaga ee tuulada. Curie Sr. ahayd nooc ka mida siyaasadeed xagjirka ah iyo diin laawe ah, oo uu ka caawiyay sameeyaan ee dareenka bidix Irene oo xad gudub ku ah diinta abaabulay.

waxbarashada midabbo

waxbarashada Curie ahayd arrin cajiib ah. Hooyadeed Arkay in Irene iyo Walaasheeda ka yari Eva Denise (1904 p.) Made jimicsiga jidhka iyo maskaxda maalin walba. Gabdhaha lahaa governess ah, laakiin maxaa yeelay, Madame Curie lama siiyo in ay helaan dugsiyada, iyadu abaabulay tababar co-operative, kaas oo reer Professor ee caanka Paris Sorbonne in casharo ee shaybaarka yimid. Irene ayaa hooyadiis bartay physics, iyo shaqaalaheeda caanka kale baray xisaabta, kimisteriga, luqadaha iyo farshaxan. Soon Irene ahaa ardayga ugu wanaagsan oo leh aqoon fiican oo physics iyo kimisteriga. Laba sano ka dib, si kastaba ha ahaatee, markay ahayd 14, iskaashi la duubay oo kale, gabadha la dhigay dugsi gaar loo leeyahay, College Sevigne, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan heshay shahaadada. Waxay ku qaatay xagaaga xeebta ama in buuraha, mararka qaarkood ee shirkadda oo ah dadka caanka ah sida Albert Einstein iyo wiilkiisa. Markaas Irene waxay u yimaadeen inay Sorbonne ah inaad wax ka barato in ay kalkaaliso.

Shaqo hore

Inta lagu jiro First World Madame Curie u tageen inay hore, halkaas oo qalabka X-ray cusub loo isticmaalo daweynta askarta. Gabadha ugu dhaqsaha badan ka bartay in ay isticmaalaan qalab la mid ah, la soo shaqeeyay hooyadiis, iyo ka dib on iyaga u gaar ah. Irene, xishood iyo halkii ay bulshada ee dabiiciga ah, deji oo unruffled wejigiisa halis. At da'da 21, iyana waxay noqotay kaaliyaha hooyada machadka radium ah. Waxay barteen in ay si farsamo u isticmaali jireen qolkii daruurtii, qalab ka dhigaya muuqda Qurub hoose iyada oo raad of dhibcood oo biyo, kuwaas oo ay ka baxaan on waddada ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaqa.

Bilowgii shaqada sayniska

In ka 1920 hore, ka dib markii ay guul u ah safar ee dalka Mareykanka waxaana la socday hooyadiis iyo walaashiis, Iren Kyuri bilaabeen inay ku soo biiriyo shaybaarka. la Fernand Holweck, oo ah agaasimaha maamulka ee machadka shaqaynta, ayay qabtaa dhowr tijaabo la radium, natiijooyinka of kaas oo la daabacay 1921 iyada oo shaqo ugu horeysay. By 1925, waxay ku dhameysatay kaalinta uu sha phD on rays Alfa Polonium, element ah, kaas oo waalidka ay ku furay. asxaabta badan oo shaybaarka, oo ay ku jiraan ninkeeda mustaqbalka, maleeyey inay sida aabbaheed joogto iyadoo awoodda ku dhowaad dabiici ah in ay isticmaalaan qalabka. Frederick yaraa dhawr sano ka badan Irene oo isaguna uma uu waayo-aragnimo in isticmaalka qalabka sayniska. Kolkaasay markii la weydiiyay inuu u sheego oo ku saabsan shucaaca, waxay bilowday hab halkii fiicnayn, laakiin ay ugu dhakhsaha badan bilaabeen inay socod dheer ee dalka. Lamaanahan ayaa guursaday 1926 iyo go'aansaday in ay isticmaalaan magac isku daro Joliot-Curie, ka dib markii waalidkeed caan ah.

iskaashi badan dhala

taariikhda Nobel Irène Joliot-Curie iyo ninkeeda Frederic bilaabay inuu sameeyo cilmi baaris si wadajir ah. Waxay labada saxiixay shaqadooda sayniska, xitaa ka dib markii 1932, Irene ayaa loo magacaabay madaxa shaybaarka. Ka dib markii reading ku saabsan tijaabo ah aqoonyahaniinta Jarmal Walter Bothe iyo Hans Becker ay diiradda physics nuclear - berrinkii sayniska, taas oo weli ahaa in ay bilaw. Kaliya ee Warega of qarnigii, saynisyahano ogaadeen in atamka joogaan dhexe oo ka kooban protons wanaagsan eedeeyay. Ka baxsan xun eedeeyay electrons. Waalidiinta Irene shucaaca baaro, ugub ah taas oo dhacda marka nuclei qaybaha qaarkood dhaadheer walxaha ama tamarta. Ka hore waa qayb ka ah Alfa xad dhab u eg xuduntii eb helium leh laba eedeeyay wanaagsan. In ay shaqada, abaalmarinta ee Nobel Prize, Sr. Curie ku ogaadeen in qaar ka mid ah xubno ka radioactive dhaadheer Qurub in si joogto ah, ku salaysan la saadaalin karo.

isuga nuclear

In uu shaybaarka, Irene Joliot-Curie lahaa helitaanka lacagta aad u badan oo ah wax shucaac ah ee dunida, kuwaas oo Polonium, waalidkeed furo. element kiimikada Tani shanqarta qurubyada alfa oo Irene iyo Frederick loo isticmaalaa in lagu bombard noocyo kala duwan oo walxaha. In 1933, waxay duqeeyay ay core aluminium. Natiijada waxa ay aheyd fosfooraska ah shucaac. Aluminum guud ahaan leeyahay 13 protons laakiin marka la Qurub Alfa waaleen la laba fiican yaruna helo protons dheeraad ah, la xirrira fosfooraska. The element kiimiko keentay kala duwan ka dabiiciga ah - waxay ahayd inuu isotope shucaaca.

Cilmi baaro shucaaca Alfa habka iyo qalabka kale ee, ay ogaadeen in marka qurubyada alfa isku la atamka ay iyaga loogu badalo galay element kale oo tiro badan oo protons. Irene iyo Frederic Joliot-Curie abuuro shucaaca aan dabiici ahayn. Waxay sheegay arrin ka mid ah Academy of Sciences ee January 1934.

Nobel Prize The

Furitaanka Joliot-Curie ahaa muhiimad weyn ma aha oo kaliya sayniska saafi ah, laakiin sidoo kale codsiyada ay tiro badan. In 1930, isotopes badan oo shucaac ah ayaa la helay, taas oo loo adeegsaday sida calamado in baadhista xannuunada, iyo sidoo kale in tijaabo badan. guul habka keentay in aqoonyahaniinta kale si ay tijaabiyaan la sii daayo tamarta nukliyeerka.

Waxa ay ahayd daqiiqad qaraar for Irene Joliot-Curie. Degganahay ku farxaa Maamulka Kililka, laakiin hooyo jiran ogaa in gabadheeda la filayay in la aqoonsado, laakiin iyada ku dhintay July ee sanadkan in ka leukemia sababa gaadhista muddo dheer shucaaca. Dhawr bilood ka dib Joliot-Curie bartay oo ku saabsan shaqo ee Nobel Prize. Waxayna ahaayeen physicists nuclear, labada heshay abaalmarinta ah ee kiimikada ay sabab u tahay cawaaqibka daahfurtay in ay duurka this.

Intaa waxaa dheer, Irene iyo Frederic noqday milkiilayaasha digrii iyo saraakiishii reer Legion of Honor badan sharafeed. Laakiin waxyaalahan waxaa loo abaal shiidaa ma saameeyeen. reading Poetry, dabaasha, shiraaca, barafka iyo tamashlaha waa dheeldheel jecel, Irene Joliot-Curie. Carruurta Hélène iyo Pierre koray, oo iyana waxay noqotay xiiso u dhaqdhaqaaqa arrimaha bulshada iyo siyaasadda. Diin laawe la views bidix, Irene ayaa u ololeeyey codbixinta dumarka. Waxay ahayd wasiir ku xigeenka in dowladda Popular Front a Leona Blyuma ee 1936, ka dibna waxaa loo doortay professor at Sorbonne ee 1937.

eb jabiyo

Sii hawsheeda oo duurka ku of physics ee dabayaaqadii 1930, Irene Joliot-Curie sameeyay tijaabo la duqeyn neutron ah nuclei uranium ah. Iyada oo uu iskaashi ka dhexeeyo Pavlom Savichem ayay muujisay in uranium loo kala qeybin karaa xubno kale shucaac. Her tijaabo aasaasiga ah ay jidka u bannaysay for jirka dadka kale Otto Hahn, kuwaas oo cadeeyay in duqeymo neutron uranium ay u kala qaybin karaa laba atamka ah oo miisaankiisu u dhigma. Tani waxay ifafaale noqday aasaas u ah codsiga wax ku ool ah ee tamarta qaaradda - farcanka tamarta atamka iyo bamka nukliyarka.

Bilowga World labaad ee Irene ayay sii waxbarashadeeda ee Paris, inkastoo ninkeeda Frederick dhulka hoostiisa tegey. Waxay ahaayeen labada qayb ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaqa iska caabin ah Faransiis, iyo in 1944, carruurta Irene ee u baxay inuu Switzerland. Dagaalka ka dib, iyada waxaa loo magacaabay madaxa Machadka radium ah, iyo sidoo kale oggolaaday mashruuca Faransiis nuclear. maalmood iyada Waxay qaatay in shaybaarka, iyo sii waday in ay siin muxaadarooyin iyo bandhigyo ka dhigi on mawduuca of shucaaca, inkastoo iyada caafimaadka si tartiib ah ka sii dartay.

Irene Joliot-Curie: siyaasadda Biography A

Frederick, oo xubin ka ah xisbiga shuuciga ah tan iyo 1942, ayaa waxaa xilka ka qaadi kara madaxa Guddiga Faransiis ah Energy Atoomikada. Ka dib markii in, laba ahaa ayaa bilaabay inay u doodo isticmaalka tamarta nukliyeerka Jidka nabadda. Irene ahaa xubin ka mid ah Golaha Nabadda Adduunka, oo wuxuu ka dhigay dhowr safarada in Midowga Soofiyeeti. Waxay ahayd height of the "Dagaalkii Qaboobaa", iyo sababta oo ah hawlo siyaasadeed ee Irene loo diiday xubin ka Chemical American Society, codsiga oo galaysay ee 1954 Her tabarruc ugu danbeysay ee physics ahaa si ay u caawiyaan in abuurka ah ee xawaaraha walxaha waaweyn ah iyo shaybaarka ee Orsay, koonfurta of Paris, 1955. Her caafimaadka xumaatay, iyo 3/17/56 Irene Joliot-Curie dhintay, sida hooyadeed, ka leukemia sabab u ah guud ahaan qiyaas shucaaca waaweyn.