Injineer ah ee Ukraine, warshadaha iyo isbeddellada hadda

Farsamo Engineering of Ukraine ayaa dhaqan ahaan loo tixgeliyaa qaybta sare iyo tareenka ee dhaqaalaha. Halkan yihiin shirkadaha teknoolojiyad sare gaari oo diyaarad injineernimada waaweyn, metallurgy, tamarta, warshadaha difaaca iyo beeraha kale.

Taariikhda horumarka warshadaha

Waxa uu bilaabo sheekada handasada farsamada ee Ukraine qarnigii XIX ah. Horumarinta ee kayd dhuxusha weyn in Basin Donets iyo horumarinta metallurgy baahan yahay isticmaalka mashiinada warshadaha, qalab, biraha. Waayo, beeraha, waxa ay sidoo kale waxaa u baahan tahay qalab wanaagsan iyo mechanization qayb ahaan.

Warshada hore ee mashiinada beeraha waxaa la furay sanadkii 1840 in Mlieve. shirkadaha waaweyn ahaayeen Alexandrovsky Plant in Ekaterinoslav (hadda Dnepropetrovsk), Plant Hughes in warshad Donetsk "Dnipro" in Kamensky (hadda Dnipropetrovsk), dukaamada tareenka ee Kharkov iyo Lugansk. Ka hor inta kacaanka ee guud ahaan wax soo saarka warshadaha ee Empire Ruushka, share Ukraine ayaa ahaa 25%.

mishiino neefso New Ukraine helay leh dhalashada awoodda Soviet. In goobta lacag aad u badan lagu maalgeliyay in dhismaha shirkadaha waaweyn. .. Gaar ahaan, Plant marawaxadaha Kharkov ee (1929), cagaf Kharkov ee Plant (1930), Dnepropetrovsk Electric tareenka Plant (1934), Kiev warshad gaashaaman (1935), iwm dagaalka ka dib, horumarka weyn ayaa teknoolojiyad sare warshadaha injineernimada, duulista, gantaal meel, baabuurta, warshadaha difaaca, injineernimada culus, sameynta qalab iyo kuwa kale.

sifooyinka Guud

Tani waxay arrimuhu horumarka handasada farsamada ee Ukraine ka hadlayaa isbedelka xagjirka ah iyo habeynta dhismaha oo dhan warshadaha ee. Against hortegi lahaa xiriirka la Russia (oo horay lammaanaha ugu weyn) iyo ballaarinta fursadaha dhoofinta in Europe ka shirkado badan oo ah sida dhibaato dhoofinta alaabta dhaqanka, iyo sidoo kale rajada qaar ka mid ah kala duwan ee wax soo saarka mustaqbalka.

Si aad su'aasha "Sharax warshadaha injineernimada dhismaha Ukraine" waxay leeyihiin jawaabta saxda ah. adag Machine-dhisidda ee Ukraine waxaa ka mid ah in ka badan 20 laamood oo khaas ah, 58-laamood sub. Dhab ahaantii, ee dalka ku matalayay dhamaan noocyada jira of injineernimada. Sida laga soo xigtay tirooyinka rasmiga ah, 11.267 shirkadaha ka diiwaan-dhismeedka 146 ka mid ah oo waa weyn, 1834 - celcelis ahaan, iyo 9287 - yar. qaab-dhismeedka waxaa ka shaqeeya oo ku saabsan 1.5 milyan oo shaqaalaha yihiin.

saarka falanqaynta

Sida laga soo xigtay Guddiga Tirakoobka Gobolka, wax soo saarka ee adag mashiinka-dhisidda ee 2011-2013, ka dhanka ah asalka ah ee warshadaha oo dhan waa sida soo socota (eeg shaxda.)

Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoob, xitaa ka hor inta dhibaatada ka jirta 2014 waxaa jiray hoos u dhac of Muga-soo-saarka ee qaybta ka 10 ilaa 8.7%. Haddii aan is barbar injineernimada farsamo ee Ukraine iyo dunida, marka la eego iibka (boqolkiiba ka mid ah warshadaha total) tirooyinka ballaaran kala duwan - ratio this aad uga yar tahay dalalka horumariyo. Isbeddelkani waxa lagu gartaa horumarinta qasan dhismaha mashiinka-dhisidda.

Falanqayn lagu dhoofinta iyo soo dejinta

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, dhoofinta wax soo saarka warshadaha mishiino ugu horrayn lagu tiriyaa wadamada CIS, inta badan Federation Ruush iyo Kazakhstan. Hoos hawlaha maalgashiga ee suuqyada waaweyn ee keentay in hoos u dhac in wax soo saarka warshadaha dhoofinta.

Sida laga soo xigtay Guddiga Tirakoobka State of Ukraine, ee 2011-2013, Jamhuuriyadda dhoofiyay in ka badan nus ka mid ah wax soo saarka si ay u dalal kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kororka hore ee baahida loo qabo alaabta Yukreeniyaan suuqa dunida iyo hanuuninta dhoofinta adag mashiinka-dhisidda dalka ee 2015 ka ahayd wuxuu u dhiibay si ay fadhiidka ah in industry ee.

Ukraine waxyaabaha injineernimada, taas oo soo dhoofsadaan-hawlgalayaasha shisheeye (2014):

• Motors iyo bambooyin (wadarta dakhliga - $ 3 bilyan oo doolar).
• Qalabka korontada ($ 2.7 billion).
• gaadiidka W / d ($ 0.8 billion).
• gaadiidka Road ($ 0.3 billion).
• gaadiidka Air ($ 0.2 billion).
• Qalab ($ 0.2 billion).
• Maxkamadda ($ 0.1 billion).

xarumaha injineernimada Ukraine

Dhaqan ahaan, inta badan ee warshadaha waxaa ku yaalla qaybta dhexe iyo bari ee dalka. Waxay u muuqdaan in ay megacities iyo gobolka warshadaha Donbass. Kooxaaha injineernimada Major waa Kiev, Kharkov iyo Dnepropetrovskiy.

shuqullada injineernimada Major (Ukraine):

• Gantaal oo meel iyo warshadaha duulista: Kiev ( "Antonov"), Zaporozhye ( "Motor Sich"), Dnipropetrovsk ( "Pivdenmash").
• Automotive: Zaporozhye (ZAZ, "IVECO-Motor Sich"), Kremenchug (KraZ), Cherkasy ( "Bogdan"), Lutsk (LuAZ), Kiev ( "UkrAvto").
• injineernimada Transport: Kharkov (HZTM Malyshev, HTZ Ordzhonikidze ..).
• Dhismaha maraakiibta, Nikolaev ( "Ocean" Plant magacaabay ka dib markii 61 Communards.), Kherson (Kherson deked markab).
• mashiino culus: Mariupol ( "Azovmash"), Kramatorsk (Novokramatorsky Machine Works), Donetsk (Asili "mashiinada Macdanta"), Sumy (. Sumy Frunze), Kharkov ( "Electrotyazhmash", "Turboatom"), Kiev ( "Bolshevik" ), Dnipropetrovsk ( "Dneprotyazhmash").
• F / A Transport: Ball ( "Dneprovagonmash"), Kremenchug (Krukiv), Lugansk ( "Luganskteplovoz").
• Korontada iyo qalab injineernimada: Zaporozhye ( "ZTR"), Odessa ( "Telecard-qalabka").
• Qalabka Home: Donetsk ( "Nord").
• Metalworking: Kharkov (kataarad).

warshadaha baabuurta

Waxay leedahay dhaqan qani ku ah injineernimada baabuurta ee Ukraine. warshadaha ayaa soo saarta kala duwan oo ay ka buuxaan waxyaabaha militeri iyo kuwa rayid. Waxaana ay ku aaddan tiro balaadhan oo ah hay'adaha ku hawlan barnaamijyada horumarinta, soo saaridda iyo iibinta baabuurta, baabuurta rakaabka iyo gawaarida ganacsiga, basaska, jiido, mootooyinka, mootada, dayactir iyo accessories.

Sida laga soo xigtay fikirka ah horumarinta suuqa baabuurta ee 2015 ayaa la filayaa in ay soo saaraan ilaa 500,000 oo baabuurta, ilaa 45,000 baabuur, 20,000 oo basaska. In dhaqanka, saamiga warshadaha wax soo saarka warshadaha ee sannadihii la soo dhaafay waxaa uun 0,8-0,6%, iyo in la abuuro of saarka guud ee qaranka - ka yar 0.4-0.3%. injineernimada Automotive in Ukraine waxaa lagu gartaa sida dhacsan, oo ay ka qayb qaateen in aan qiimo lahayn dhaqaalaha qaranka. In qaabka shaqaalaynta ka yar 0.1% oo dhan ka shaqeeya dalka.

In qeybta "baabuurta waa" noocyada la joogo shisheeye inta badan SKD dabaqada dhexe (C, B) ee heerka hoose ee deegaamaynta iyo qiimaha ku daray abuureen dhulka ee Ukraine. Guud ahaan, warshadaha ee Ukraine baabuurta ayaa 100 shirkadood, ugu weyn ee oo kala ah:

• CJSC ZAZ.
• KrASZ LLC.
• "Eurocar" CJSC.
• "Bogdan" Corporation.

mashiino culus Ukraine

Tani waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu horumarsan-qaybaha hoosaadka ee dalka, lagu gartaa tiro badan oo ah shirkadaha, joogitaanka dugsiga "xoog leh" injineernimada, caadooyinka wax soo saarka. Diyaar u ah inay soo iibsadaan alaabta firdhiyey sida wada-hawlgalayaasha bariga iyo galbeedka. Keena, cagafcagaf, raraha, malqacadaha, wasakhahaasi, converters, is tamping, qoditaanka, tunneling, foundries, mashiinada wadada, wiishashka, unugyada for shiidi doona, kala astaynta jagooyinka, shiidi doona, machining, la isku qasin dhulka, senti, dhagax iyo waxyaabaha kale ee macdanta.

warshadaha diyaaradaha

warshadaha wuxuu ka kooban yahay in ka badan 60 ururada, kuwaas oo loo tixgeliyo rubuc ka mid ah dhammaan shaqaalaha ee injineernimada qaranka. Ku saleysan oo ka mid ah shan shirkadood oo waaweyn. ka iman kara ee warshadaha duulista waxay suuro gelineysaa in la kordhiyo mugga horumarka iyo wax soo saarka ah ee diyaaradaha, gaar ahaan:

• rakaabka gobol iyo diyaarad gaadiidka;
• matoorada diyaaradaha iyo qaybaha;
• hage, diiradda lagu saaray isticmaalka isgaarsiinta satellite, navigation iyo ilaalo,
• helicopters iyo diyaaradaha diyaaradaha yar yar, gaar ahaan saarnayn.

horumar ididiilo ka mid ah:

• Diyaaradaha "AN" of beddelka kala duwan.
• Production ee matoorada diyaaradaha.
• Diyaaradaha qumaatiga u kaca.

warshado kale

Machine-qalab kuu ogolaanaya horumarinta dhammaan laamaha of injineernimada, wax soo saarka dhaqanka iyo farsamada. Plant Machine-Tool (mashiinada jeestay iyo mashiinada semiautomatic, mashiinada diamond-caajiso) ku yaalaan Kharkov, Lvov, Kiev, Berdichev, Odessa, Cherkassy, Dnepropetrovsk. Warshad Machine culus oo ka hawlgasha Kramatorsk (line toos ah).

Qalab kaalin muhiim ah in dardar horumarka sayniska iyo farsamada. Taasoo keentay in la abuuro shirkadaha farsamada elektarooniga ah ee dalka waa urur wax soo saarka "farmagaadho" Severodonetsk iyo "Electronmash" ee Kiev ee. Tiro balaadhan oo ah qalabka korontada iyo kale soo saaray in Kiev, Kharkov, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Sumy, Cherkasy, Zhytomyr, Lutsk.

injineernimada beeraha farsamo ee Ukraine waxay bixisaa beeralayda qalabka lagama maarmaanka ah. The shirkadaha waaxda waxaa ku yaalla meelo ka mid ah isticmaalka waxyaabaha dhammeeyey. Cagaf xoogbadane manufactures Kharkov cagaf Plant. Warshadda Kirovograd "Red Star" saarta layliga. kaxeynayo dhismaha Beet in Dnipropetrovsk iyo Ternopil, isu geeyo dillaaliinta - Kherson ( "Slavutich") iyo Alexandria ( "LAN"), Corn - in Kherson, makiinadaha beeraha - in Odessa, Kiev, Berdyansk, Slavyansk. injineer ah wax soo saarka xoolaha iyo calafka xoolaha waa mid isku urursan ee Uman, Novograd Volyn, magaalada qadiimiga ah oo qurux badan, Coloma, Church Cad.

Dhismaha maraakiibta ee Ukraine waxaa ku urursan (Dnipro p.) Dekadaha badda weyn (Badda Madow, Badda Azov) iyo webiga. weelasha Marine dhisay Nikolayev iyo Kherson, webi iyo badda - in Kiev. Shipyards ka shaqaynaynaa in Odessa, Mariupol.

mishiino Gaadiidka manufactures tareen iyo gaadhi. Xarumaha waa Lugansk tareenka, Kharkov (tareen), Dnipropetrovsk, dhismaha baabuur - Stakhanov, Dnipropetrovsk, Kremenchug. baabuurta taangiga tareenka xamuulka macmalay ee Mariupol. Plant Repair tareenka ka shaqeeya magaalooyinka gaadiidka waaweyn.

injineer ah in shuruudaha isdhexgalka Yurub

Khubarada ayaa saadaaliyay sida bytmashinostroenie kartaa Ukraine isdhexgalka Yurub. Saxiixa heshiiskan Association u dhexeeya Ukraine iyo Midowga Yurub uu ogol yahay fududeynta ee socodka ganacsiga ka dhexeeya dalalka, tan iyo January 1, 2016. Oo tan iyo April 2014-dhigida ee Dooratay ganacsiga gooni EU for Ukraine ayaa horeba gacan uga geysatey kordhinta in dhoofinta dalagyada injineernimada iyo hoos u dheelitirka xun ee ganacsiga shisheeye la leedahay dalalka ka mid ah waxyaabaha injineernimada farsamada Yurub.

Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoob ka Service Statistics State of Ukraine, share of injineernimada farsamada ee 2014 lagu tiriyaa 18.3% ee dhoofinta iyo 23.8% ka mid ah laga keeno alaabta, iyo lixdii bilood ee ugu horreeyay sannadka 2015, siday u kala horreeyaan, 11.7% iyo 20.8%. In 2015 dhaqankan cusub ee dhimista soo xeroota ee warshadaha. Isla mar ahaantaana, wadarta dhoofinta dalagyada injineernimada share ee Midowga Yurub ku koray ka 30.4 (2014) si ay u 43.4% (marka hore kala badh 2015).

Statistics iyo isbeddellada

Warku horumarka handasada farsamada ee Ukraine waxay muujinaysaa in dhammaan warshadaha ma ku habboon xaqiiqada cusub ee dhaqaalaha. In suuqyada dibedda ee kululeeyaha weyn dalabka, mashiinada, qalabka korontada, tigoodu nuclear. Ay wadarta share in qaab dhismeedka of warshadaha in Midowga Yurub ay ka dhoofiso waa 40%. Waxaa ka mid ah waarido waaweyn muuqan (2014):

• Hungary (in qadarka $ 270,6 milyan oo doolar).
• Germany ($ 239.8 million).
• Poland ($ 207.9).
• Czech Republic ($ 80 million).

rajada

Ukraine, kaas oo injineernimada horumarsan ku filan, weli u baahan-teknoolojiyad sare mashiinada, qalabka iyo qayb qaybo ka mid ah wax soo saarka shisheeye. koror in laga keeno ee baabuurta, cagaf, isu geeyo dillaaliinta, qalabka guriga, mashiino culus. The Muga weyn ee badeecadaha ka soo jeeda laga keeno:

• Germany (in qadarka $ 577,9 milyan oo doolar).
• Poland ($ 255.1 million).
• Italy ($ 160.9 million).
• Czech Republic ($ 116.8 million).
• France ($ 101.4 million).

Practice muujinaysaa in saxiixa heshiiska Association waxay siisaa faa'iidooyinka ka badan khataraha. horumarinta dheeraad ah oo ku xiran tahay sida dhakhsada ah injineernimada Ukraine ka topic ayaa udhaqaaqi doona fursado halis topic.

khatarta

caqabad A weyn in la kordhiyo mugga iyo hagaajin dhismeedka isbeddelkaas ganacsiga labada dhinac in industry injineernimada waa helitaanka caqabadaha farsamo ganacsiga u dhexeeya Ukraine iyo la-hawlgalayaasheeda shisheeye. Khataraha xiran suurtagalnimada khasaaraha qayb ka mid ah warshadaha mashiinka shaqsi, inta badan ka shaqeeya suuqa Ruush iyo xeerarka ay farsamo. Gaar ah ugu nugul ahaayeen warshadaha farsmada heerka sare ah: in duulimaadyada, warshadaha difaaca, Dhismaha maraakiibta, sahaminta bannaan.

shirkadaha warshadaha, wax soo saarka taas oo sare ku daray qiimaha, waxaan u baahan nahay si ay u horumariyaan awood u leh inay si deg deg ah uga jawaabaan isbedel ee deegaanka dibadda, si loo abuuro wax soo saarka, shuruudaha macaamiisha saadaalin. Tani waxaa laga yaabaa in ay gacan ka isbeddelka model ganacsiga, guurka si ay model habka xalinta dhibaatada maamulka. Waayo, inta badan shirkadaha waxaa lagu gartaa model dabacsan in isku daraa habka ugu muhiimsan: maamulka meertada wax soo saarka, horumarka cusub ee wax soo saarka, maamulka xiriirka macaamiisha, iibka iyo maamulka si la geedi socodka taageerada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ukraine Engineering isbedel wayn. Waxa ay noqon doontaa - waqti sheegi doonaa.