Dzheyms Uatt - hindisa ee engine shiilayo

Dzheyms Uatt ahaa mid ka mid ah, kuwaas oo shaqo ahaa dulucdii ee kacaankii warshadaha ee England iyo dunida. Engineer iyo hindisa of Scotland ku hawlan hagaajinta mashiinka Newcomen, taasoo keenta in ay engine abuurtay multi-ujeedada.

sanadaha hore

Dzheyms Uatt ku dhashay qabiilka reer dhise ee Maraakiibta iyo abuure ka mid ah hababka kala duwan ee James. Oo hooyadiis, Agnes, wuxuu ahaa wakiilka of qoys hodan ah, oo isku mar ayay heleen waxbarasho heer sare ah.

Iftiin hindisa mustaqbalka muuqday 19.01.1736, wiilka waxa uu ku dhashay xanuun badan, si waxbarashada aasaasiga ah helay guriga waalidkood. Ilmuhu wuxuu la facooda waayo caafimaad saboolka ah ma ciyaari karo, sidaas darteed in badan oo ka mid ah wakhtiga lagu kharash gareeyay is-waxbarasho.

Sida dhallinyaro ah, maadooyinka uu ugu jecel yahay ahaayeen chemistry iyo xiddigaha. Waxa uu sidoo kale jecel yahay in model dhigi habab ku abuuray aabbihiis by.

Markay da'da graduate dugsiga hoose James galay gymnasium ah. Waxa uu soo bandhigay guusha weyn ee xisaabta. Wiil The jeclaa akhriska iyo wax badan ayay ka mid ah, ayuu wuxuu doondoonay inuu xaqiijiyo in dhaqanka.

At da'da siddeed iyo ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa, oo hooyadiis badiyay. Tani waxay ka muuqataa caafimaadka iyo arrimaha aabbihiis, sidaas James lahaa in ay is ogow Naftooda. Nin Young on sano ayaa ka soo dhaqaaqay Scotland London si ay u bartaan farsamada ah, kaas oo la xiriira alaabtii qiyaaseed. tababar rasmi ah lagu qabtay muddo toddobo sano ah, laakiin lacagta James ka ahaa ku filan oo keliya muddo hal sano ah. waxbarashada wuxuu bilaabay la soo saarka ee taliyayaashii iyo baraheeda. Si dhakhso ah, ardayga dhallinyarada karaan rubuc geodolity iyo qalab kale oo casri ah.

Sanadkan gudihiisa, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ku dhowaad ma ka baxsan tag. waqtiga oo dhan oo uu ku shaqeeyo, in subaxdii - on ciidanka, iyo habeenkii - amarka. Sidaas daraaddeed isagu xaq buu isu quudiyaan laga yaabaa. Intaa waxaa dheer, ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in uusan ku qoran sida arday rasmi ah, uu waddada lagu qasbay inay qaataan badda.

shaqo ugu horeysay

Ka dib ka qalin tababarka, Dzheyms Uatt caafimaadka saboolka ah si ay Scotland ku soo laabtay. Waxa uu go'aansaday in uu abaabulo ay ganacsi u gaar ah ee Glasgow, kaas oo ahaa in la abuuro iyo dayactirka qalabka. Laakiin wuxuu lahaa ururka ee farsamo, kuwaas oo u diidnay inay sameeyaan shaqo this ka qabtaan. Sababta ahaa in James ma ahaa tababar rasmi ah. Waxaa ma caawin in uu ahaa wakiilka kaliya ee ganacsi ee Scotland.

Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa kiiska Ka Badbaadiyay. Wakhtigan ee jaamacadda Glasgow gaaray qalab xisbiga ee lagu sameeyo xiddigaha. Waxay dalbadeen in fiiro joogto ah, oo ay ku jiraan rakibo. Iyada oo saaxiibbadiis Wyatt helo fursad ay ku shaqeeyaan. Waxa uu loo magacaabay sayidkiisa alaabta sayniska ee hay'adda. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa fursad si ay u abuuraan geerash uu isagu iska.

In dugsiga, James Yuusuf Black, kuwaas oo bartay chemistry kulmay. Master ka caawisaa saynisyahano horumarinta qaar ka mid ah alaabtii kiimikada in dallacsiiyey farmashiyaha cilmi baaris dheeraad ah.

Iyada oo 1759 wax Watt ayaa soo hagaagay. Tani waxaa fududeeyay iskaashi la ganacsade John Craig. Waxay abaabulay shaqada on saarka ee qalabka kala duwan iyo ciyaaraha. hindisa Income ayaa u kordhay. Ay iskaashi joogsadeen lix sano ka dhimashada Craig ka dib.

muddo ah been abuurtay

Newcomen ee engine uumi mar hore jiray dhowr sano ee. Inta badan waxaa la isticmaalaa biyo ku listo. mid ka mid No xitaa ma isku dayday in ay u hagaajin. Tan iyo 1759 fikradda ah codsanaya uumi Watt noqday xiisaynayso, laakiin isku day uu ku jiray lagu guulaysan.

In 1763, odaygii uu weyddiistay wakiil oo ka mid ah Jaamacadda Glasgow la codsi in la caawiyo in dayactirka ah ee qaabka Newcomen abuurka jira. Watt aysan awoodin in ay qaataan, iyada oo leh tiro ka mid ah tijaabooyinka. Waxa uu ahaa awoodaan si uu u xaliyo khariidad iyo in la hubiyo waxtardarradoodu ee mashiinka this. Watt ayaa qaar ka mid ah hagaajinta design, laakiin taasi uguma aysan filneyn.

Laba sano ka dib, Dzheyms Uatt helay sida aad u abuuri karaan engine a uumi kaamil ah. Waxa uu bilaabay in ay fuliso qorshaha uu nolosha. In 1769 wuxuu soo saaray patent ah qolkii shaabadeeyey in ay soo degayaa. Waxa uu ahaa awoodaan si ay u dhisaan model shaqo ah oo uu shaqeeyay on mabda'a this. In la abuuro baabuur size-full ah, oo wuxuu lahaa oo wax lacag ah. Tani waxay caawisay Dzhozef Blek, Dzhon Robak. ma Dhibaatooyinka ma waxaa loo soo afjaro, sababta oo ah waxay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn in la gaaro sax lagama maarmaanka ah ee soo saaridda ee ku dhululubo iyo qalab. Waxaa intaa dheer, cawsha noqday mid kacda.

Watt helay sponsor cusub. Waxay noqday Mettyu Bolton, kuwaas oo ay leedahay macdantu ah. Dhibku jiro abuurista dhululubo Dzhon Uilkinson go'aansaday. Guusha ganacsi ee uu alifay Watt helay iyada oo loo marayo abuuridda shirkadda si wadajir ah la Mettyu Boltonom, kaas oo ku shaqeeya, waayo, shan iyo labaatan sannadood oo keenay maal badan si hindisa ah.

Watt ma kaliya si loo hagaajiyo mishiinka Newcomen, uu doonayo in uu abuuro model la motor a universal. dadaalka oo dhan ayaa keentay in hab cusub oo shuqulkii engine shiilayo, taas oo uu ka hoos magaca mooshin Planetary xiranayo. Waxaa ka dhanka ah habkan bilaabay in ay ka shaqeeyaan engine ugu horeysay uumi by James Watt.

Ka dib markii guusha mashiinka cusub bilaabay isku day badan oo ay ku Abuuran. In dagaalka ee sumcadda ganacsi kuu gaar ah Watt iyo Bolton ayaa lagu qasbay in ay qaataan lacag aad u badan oo ku saabsan dacwadda maxkamadaha. Sidaas darteed, waxay awoodi karaan si ay u difaacaan xuquuqdooda ahaayeen.

Taasoo la micno ah ee la alifay ee

patent ee engine ee James Watt ayaa waxaa ka diiwaan gashan 1769. In dukumintiga, waxaa la ogaaday in qoraaga of patent ah ma ku abuurta gaadhi cusub, iyo engine shiilayo. Watt buuxda uma fahmo sida ay muhiim in mustaqbalka ay noqon doontaa horumar.

muhiimadda ay abuurtay wuxuu ka kooban yahay in qalab engine ku sarkhaansan uumi guuro. Sababo la this waxa uu ahaa suurto gal ah in si joogta ah loo kordhiyo awoodda, abuurista cadaadis badan. Waxa ay ahayd mar dambe ma ay lagama maarmaan tahay in la kordhiyo tirada. Thanks to war abuurashadoodii ah, waxaa suurto gal ah in la abuuro engine ah, oo wax yar ka dib markabka.

aqoonsi

Xitaa inta lagu guda jiro nolosha hindisa gaariga James Watt ayaa galisay warshadaha. Ma aha la yaab leh, ayuu la doortay wakiil ah bulshada oo badan. xitaa uu doonayay inuu abaalmarinta horyaalka ee Baron, laakiin waxa uu u diiday.

Company, kaas oo la doortay waxaa Watt:

• Royal Society of Edinburgh.
• Falsafada Society ee Rotterdam.
• Dhiganta Member of Academy Faransiis ah.
• Lunar Society ee Birmingham - urur aan rasmiga ahayn ee saynisyahano British Nuurin la'aantiis.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

Biography ee James Watt cadeyneysaa sida shakhsiyad wejiyo badan ayuu ahaa. Kala duwanaanta ee uu aqoon dhab ah qoraa yaabay Walter Scott, kuwaas oo ahaa shakhsi ogyahay hindisa ah.

In sano ee uu ka dib Watt ayaa waxaa ku hawlan in ay Mashiinka wax soo saarka gaar ah in nuqul laga yaabaa shuqullada sculptural sida reliefs, Sidaana, iyo weelal kale.

Isagu wuxuu u dhintay sayidkiisa 19.08.1819, at sanadka iyo siddeetan saddexaad. Oo waxaa lagu aasay Hendsvorte.

Qoyska iyo carruurta

Dzheyms Uatt, been abuurtay waa horumar degdeg ah a in industry ee, ayaa guursaday laba jeer. Xaaskiisa ugu horeysay, Margaret Miller, dhintay 1772 ka dib umusha isaga ilmaha ay shanaad. Laakiin si ay nolosha baaluq ka badbaaday carruurta laba kaliya, magacaabay waalidiinta, James iyo Margaret.

xaaskiisa labaad Enn Makgregor ee 1777. carruurtooda wada magacaabay Gregory iyo Janet.

Dhab ahaantii xiiso leh

Watt bixiyeen in la isticmaalo sida a unit awood loo yaqaan "xoogga faraska". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1882 at hindisaha ururka British ah ee Injineerro waxaa la go'aamiyay inuu ku meeleeyo unit ka mid ah awoodda magaca hindisa ah. Tan iyo waqti in, farsamada ka dhigay isticmaalka Watts. Kaasi waxa uu ahaa markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda of technology.