Hoganaya Kiimikada - oo ku salaysan falgalka kiimikada karo

Sida laga soo xigtay mid ka mid ah kala saaro ee loo isticmaalo in lagu qeexo hababka kiimikada, waxaa jira laba nooc oo dareen diidmo oo ka soo hor jeedda - karo iyo celin karin. dareen-celin karo ma gaadho dhamaadka, ie, midkoodna walxaha kaas oo soo galay gudaha galay, oo aan si buuxda loo wada baabbe'een oo aysan waxba ka beddelin-fiirsashada. Marxaladani waxay kaalinta Oogidda hoganaya kiimikada ama dheelitirka, taas oo loogu yeero ⇌. Laakiin weeraryahanka iyo beddeli reactions socon, oo aan istaagin, sidaas darteed loo yaqaan dheelitirka ama mobile firfircoon. Waxaa iman doona hoganaya kiimikaad oo muujinaysa in ay dareen-celin si toos qaadataa meel xawaare isku mid ah (V1), iyo in-bedelka (V2), V1 = V2 ah. Haddii cadaadiska iyo heerkulka waa beddelin, dheelitirka ee nidaamka socon karaa muddo aan la cayimin.

Tiro hoganaya kiimikada ku tilmaamay by hoganaya si joogto ah taas oo ah saamiga geysid line (K1) iyo jawaab-celinta (K2) falcelin ah. Xisaabi waxay noqon kartaa sida ay caanaha: K = K1 / K2. Performance of joogto hoganaya ku xirnaan doontaa kooban oo ka mid ah reactants iyo heerkulka.
Barakaca ee hoganaya kiimikada ku salaysan mabda'a Le Chatelier, kaas oo u akhriya sida soo socota: ". Haddii nidaamka waxa kortay, saamaynta ay arrimaha dibadda, hoganaya ah loo jeediyo oo ku barokacay ee ka soo horjeeda jihada isbedelka this ee"

Tixgeli xaaladaha hoganaya kiimikada iyo barakac on tusaale ahaan ka mid ah formation of taagoo ammonia: N2 + 3H2 ↔ 2NH3 + Q.

Ka fiirsaneysa isla'egta reaction this, dhigay:

1. jawaab toos ah - cadaanyo ee xarunta, sida 2 ka mid ah walxaha fudud 1 adag waxaa la aasaasay (ammonia), iyo guuldaradoodii - daatay;

2. falcelin toos baxa la formation of kulaylka, sidaas darteed ay tahay - waa gube, sidaas darteed, loo beddelo - endothermic iyo tagaa la nuugo kulaylka.

Haddaba ka fiirsada isla'egta bixiyo bedelayaan oo xuduudaheedu gaar ah:

1. isbedel-fiirsashada. Haddii fiirsashada of walxaha hore la kordhiyo - nitrogen iyo hydrogen - iyo in la yareeyo xaddiga ammonia, hoganaya u soo guuro xaq u leeyihiin inay formation of NH3. Haddii aad rabto in aad u guurto bidix, kordhin fiirsashada of ammonia.

2. kaca Heerkulka dhaqaaqi doono hoganaya dhinaca reaction taas oo kulaylka nuugo, oo waxaa hoos u dhaca - waa iftiimisay. Sidaa darteed, haddii la kordhiyo heerkulka of Avv ammonia ah, hoganaya la wareejiyay xagga qalabka upka, i.e., bidixda, iyo marka heerkulka - si xaq jihada in alaabta falcelinta.

3. Haddii la kordhiyo cadaadiska, hoganaya u soo guuro dhinaca, halkaas oo lacagta ka mid ah walxaha gaseous ka yar, iyo marka cadaadiska hoos u - jihada meesha xaddiga korodhka gaaska. In ka N2 iyo 4 jiirarka of 3H2 synthesizing NH3 waa la helay 2 NH3. Sidaa darteed, haddii aan la kordhiyo cadaadiska, hoganaya u soo guuro xaq, si formation of NH3. Haddii cadaadiska waa la dhimay, dheelitirka u wareejin doona dhinaca ka mid ah waxyaabaha asalka ah.

Waxaannu ku tirinnaa in hoganaya ah kiimikada lagu soo dhibtay karaa haddii korodhka ama hoos u dhac:

1. heerkulka,

2. cadaadiska,

3. fiirsashada of walxaha.

Marka bandhigid Hannaan kasta oo galay dheelitirka falcelinta ma beddelmin, i.e., hoganaya kiimikada aan la rabshaysan tahay.