Waa maxay dhinaca dambe ee dayaxa? Waa maxay dhulka ku yaal dhinaca dambe ee dayaxa? Waa maxay dhinaca badda dayaxa mid ah?

Sannaddiisii laba iyo kontonaad-sagaalaad ee Midowga Jamhuuriyadaha Socialist Soviet oo markii ugu horeysay ee adduunka ka mid kun iyo sagaal boqol iyo si ay u muujiyaan dadka in uu yahay dhinaca dambe ee dayaxa. Sawirradan waxaa soo qaaday la idaacadda si toos ah interplanetary "Luna-3» (Lunik-3). In meel godadka pride bilaabay October 4 iyadoo la kaashanayo gantaal side "Vostok-L."

Digniin! Koofiyadaha!

images gaar ah AMC "diray" saddex subaxnimo, October 7, 1959. Qaadashada signal soo saaray Simeiz Observatory (hadda qeyb Crimean Astrophysical Observatory). Noocyada "kooxda aan la arki karin dayaxa", wareejiyay dhulka, daboolay masaafada 483 000 km.

Raadinta ee images isku darsamay, qaar badan oo ka yaabay "at bartii" waayo, kaasu waa ku dhinac ee dayaxa? Haa, tayada image waa miskiin, laakiin ay la miino! Hogaamiyaha USSR Research helay xaq u leeyihiin inay u yeedhaan furan dushiisa oo ka mid ah goobaha satellite dhow.

dunida oo dhan og waxa badda waxa uu ku yaalaa dhinaca dambe ee dayaxa - Moscow. Qeybta waxaa ka mid ah, oo qoto dheer Hidiya dalka, loo yaqaan Gacanka cir. bohol ku saabsan yahay 60 miles (96,5 km) isaga ka ahaa magaca Professor Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, horyaal ee Cosmonautics, kuwaas oo ku dhintay 1935. Ridge dhow dhulbaraha kibir ka dhawaajisay sida Soofiyeeti. kaalinta Dark u dhow soohdinta reer qaybo ka muuqda oo aan la arki karin of Moon wuxuu ahaa badda Dreams. sideed noocyada waaweyn ee loo aqoonsaday.

midayso The qaraabo

Guddoomiyaha Golaha makii oo ka mid ah Academy of Sciences, Professor Alexander Mikhailov (1888-1983), hadlayey Radio Moscow, ayaa sheegay in midayso qaraabo ah oo dhinaca fog ee dayaxa. Waxa uu soo jeediyay in cirbixiyeyaasha iyo Haseyeeshee leeyihiin si ay u sharxaan ah ifafaale, kaas oo, shaki ku jirin, ay sabab u tahay su'aasha ah ee asalka ah ee dhiismeedka dayaxa.

Total ee 6 ilaa 7 Camera October saldhigga interplanetary automatic "Luna-3" ka dhigay 29 sawirada. All qalabka, oo ay ku jiraan video, shaqeeyeen sidii calaamadaha gacanta ka dhulka, iyo sahayda qalabka saarnaa. markii loo doortay iyada oo la raacayo meel qorraxda ee toogashada. Diyaar ma u tahay biqil photo a AMC waa dhexeeya ak tirsan iyo Dayaxa. Markaas ayaan u suurtagashay in ay soo saarto boqolkiiba ka territory aadanaha qarsoona 70.

Ka hor inta in ay fuliyeen laba bilaabay more: satellite ah "Luna-1" duulay ee la soo dhaafay iyo ka libdhay meel bannaan. "Luna 2" dhacay in ay dusha ka mid ah "Queen of Habeenka." Iyada oo saldhigyada, kuwaas oo aan qaab-dhismeedka aad u adag hawlaha shaqeeyo sida qalabka wax soo saarka, waayo, idiinna interplanetary, hababka dayactirka raadiyaha, iyo wixii la mid ah. D. Wax walba waxaa lagu sameeyey si ay u isticmaalaan Dadka sheegi kartaa si kalsooni leh in uu yahay dhinaca dib Moon.

Secrets shaaca ka qaaday

"Luna-3" muhiimad ahaan jiray design cusub: qalabka qalabka of hanuuninta hadda, malaha, waxaa loogu yeedhi lahaa "nidaamka Glonass"; AMC shaqeeyeen cadceedda. taariikhda Daahfurka soo beegay in guuradii ee horyaalka ah ee satellite Earth macmal ah marka hore la sii daayay galay kastana falagiisuu dhex October 4, 1957. Waxaa jiray kacaanka dhab ah in baaris meel dhigay dalka weyn ee USSR.

"Bar" dhalato satellite in uu yahay dhinaca dambe ee dayaxa, cilmi photo doonayay in uu helo wax ka badan 29 burburiyey. By habka, siyaabo kala duwan oo la sawirayo image ah, inkastoo tayada aan aad u sarreeya, waxaa laga heli karaa oo keliya ka camera la spotlighting. Diraya taxane ah ugu horeysay ee "Wehbe" karaayi, saldhigga si lama filaan ah joogsadeen in ay u gudbiyaan macluumaad.

Tani waxa ay ahayd badan tahay in ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in inta lagu guda jiro gudbinta macluumaadka, bateriga waa dhintay (ama waxaa laga yaabaa, waxaa jiray isku dhaceen meteorite ah?). Malaha, unit la gubay jawiga guga ee 1960 (laakiin iyo noolaan karaa ilaa 1962). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qarsoodiga ayaa loo xalliyo.

chorus ee wareeg

Waa maxay sababta meeraha la arki karo ka Earth had iyo jeer waa on dhinac oo kaliya? Taas darteed, waa wax aan macquul aheyn in la ogaado waxa uu yahay dhinaca dambe ee dayaxa! Sababta been in xaqiiqda ah in Selena qabata kastana falagiisuu dhex wareegsan dhulka isla muddadaas inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo Earth jirsado ay dhidibka. Axial iyo rogista cajaladda orbital waa 27.3 maalmood. .Wadashaqayntaas Traffic dhacay qiyaastii 4 bilyan oo sano ka hor.

Sida muujinta "dhinaca madow ee dayaxa", waxaa qaabeeya (aan la arki karin, sidaa darteed u dhacna). Dhab ahaantii, qorraxda iftiiminaya our "deriskiisa jacayl ah" ka dhinacyada oo dhan si siman. Waxaa hal mar u maleeyey in synchronism ku wareeg ah Earth iyo Dayaxa - arrin gaar ah.

Baaritaanadii u danbeeyay waxay caddaysteen in ku dhawaad oo dhan satalayt waaweyn ee quraxda xidiga ah u jeesanaynaa sidan. Waxaa loo hagaajiyaa uu "guri" hal dhinac. Tani waxa ay muujinaysaa nidaamyada caan ku dabiiciga ah ee horumarinta caadiga ah ee sharciga ah ee ciidamada ee caalamka. Ay xadgudub keeni kara in ay cawaaqib aan la saadaalin karin.

Moray yar

Side of Moon, waxaa jira? badda! Qaar badan oo ka dareemay jidkaas. Ka dib oo dhan, dadka qayb ka mid ah la arki karo oo ka mid ah "sickle" kuwa aadan tirin! Waxay dhab ahaan ma eegaan dhulka - taasi waa a qulqulka dhagax dab qadiimiga weyn. Dhinaca waddada tooska ah ay wax badan ka yar yihiin, inkastoo ay u muuqato lahaa, meel ay tahay in ay ka badan dusha oo dhan meeraha kordhiyo, sidii wax u (aragti Franz) belting.

Waxaa intaa dheer, in la furay 1959 Badda Moscow (degan dhulka gobolka Moscow) iyo riyooyin yihiin kuwo aad u suubban ee size. Cilmi baadhayaashu waxay la yaabeen, Ma muuqaalka ah ee labada dhinac si kala duwan? Waa maxay sababta?

Si aad u hesho jawaabaha, loo baahan yahay ka badan baadhitaan qoto dheer. Research sii 1965. Station "oo baaraya 3" baxay inuu dusha dayaxa. Its automatic "isha" ayay mahad hore aan hoos bannaan, isla 30 boqolkiiba. kaqabto ee dhinacyada waxaa si buuxda u xaqiijiyay.

Mountains iyo craters badan

Sidaas daraaddeed, on the "wejiga" ee Selena heysatay badda, iyo in dhinaca dambe ee dayaxa? Waxaa Dadwaynaha buuraha iyo craters. Dissimilarity qaar ka mid ah sharxi aragtida labada bilaha cusubu dhashaan, iyo nabadgelyo wada noolaansho oo halaagsameen isagoo yar iska xaadirin galay mid ka mid weyn.

Ka dib markii labada dhinac oo isku dhafan processing sawiro dayaxa filim istiwooday in "toortaha" Gobolka iftiin arki karo (waxay - waqooyiga iyo koonfurta qaaradood) xagga xidho. Taas macnaheedu waxa weeye in ay jirto a gaashaan qaaradda uniform. Badda - walax gudaha qaaradood ah, buuxinta ku Niyadjabka qotada dheer iyo qolof ballaaran dayaxa.

Ku soo noqoshada qarsoon illuminance ee dabiiciga ah - waxaa Selena, waa xusid mudan in ay jiraan nooks halkaas oo ay mar walba mugdi ah. Tusaale ahaan, sida a craters qoto dheer in qoraxda marnaba gaaraan hoose. Waxaa macquul ah in gudcurka weligeed ah ee u ururay kayd weyn oo baraf ah in aadanuhu ay la tilmaami karaa inay yihiin NC (sahayda xaaladaha degdegga ah).

Observatory Labiyo

Waxaa macquul ah in weelasha dabiiciga ah lagu kaydin laga yaabaa in sahayda hawada iyo shidaalka gantaal. Kooxda fog of Moon waxaa si dabiici ah laga ilaaliyo hirarka raadiyaha dhulka - meel aad u wanaagsan, waayo, fiirinta ee radiosensitive si ay u sahamiyaan craters kor taagan.

Laakiin jawaabta su'aasha ku saabsan waxa ay tahay dhinaca dhulka dooxada dayaxa ah? South West! Sidaas daraaddeed, in publications qaar ka mid pool bohol ah South Pole - Aitken. niyad jabka ugu yaab koob-qaabeeya ee dusha sare ee Selene - bohol ku Aitken, eg duwan buur. Waxay leedahay hoose ka yara flat, oo colal ku xaseeyey giraan-qaabeeya kiciyey. wax kala 2250 kilomitir si qoto dheer meelo kala duwan 8-16 kiiloomitir.

Iyadoo la tixgelinayo mudnaanta Midowga Soofiyeeti magaca foomamka dhul dayaxa, dalka weyn ku hadhay, xusuusta reer farcankii earthlings socda magacyo craters: Kurchatov, Mendeleev, Popov, Sklodowska-Curie, Gagarin, Korolev, iwm Waa hagaag, Badda Moscow ee Dreams ..