Gobolka Leninabad ee Tajikistan, gobollada iyo magaalooyinka

gobolka Sughd Modern ee Tajikistan, xarunta maamulka taas oo ah magaalomadaxda reer Khujand, ilaa 1991 waxaa loo yaqaan gobolka Leninabad ee Tajikistan, xarunta gobolka waxaa la odhan jiray Leninabad.

meel juquraafi

Xaaladda eego juqraafiga siyaasadeed, kuwaas oo degan gobolka Leninabad (Tajikistan), la qiimeeyo sida wanaagsan, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in gobolka uu leeyahay outlet ma badda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horumarka iyo barwaaqada ka qayb qaatay Khujand waa halka ay juqraafi ahaan. Isagu waa magaalada kaliya ee ku taal baananka webiga ugu weyn ee Central Asia - Darya Syr - iyo joogay daga Road Silk ah. Waxay qeyb ka tahay horumarinta xiriirka ganacsiga dalalka horumaray ee Bariga iyo Galbeedka ee maalmaha jir.

Gobolka Leninabad (Sughd) hareereysan safafka buur ee Shan Tien iyo Gissar-Altai ah. Si xagga woqooyi ku yaalaan xigtaa Kurama iyo buuraha Mogoltau, ee xagga koonfureed - Range Turkestan iyo buurta Zarafshan. Waxa aad wadaagtan xuduudaha la Kyrgyzstan iyo Uzbekistan. Inta u dhaxaysa Kurama iyo Turkestan Range waa gobolka galbeed ee Valley ee Ferghana, oo ku yaalla iyo aagga.

On dhulkeeda ee labada webi. The ugu weyn ee Central Asia, Darya ku Syr iyo Zarafshan, taas oo sitoos buurta dhalaa magac la mid ah ka billaabay. Sida Zeravshan iyo addoommo ay leeyihiin cuntada wanaagsan ka barafku ee glaciers, kaydka weyn ee hydropower. Loo isticmaalaa in dalka bannaanka waraabiya.

Taariikhda Khujand

Khujand kun oo sano ahayd xarunta ilbaxnimada ee Central Asia. Location of magaalada ka qayb qaatay horumarka degdeg ah iyo barwaaqo. Coeval magaalooyinka qadiimiga ah sida Samarkand, Khiva, Bukhara, wuxuu kaalin muhiim ah horumarinta gobolka this of Central Asia.

waxaa dhex maray Silk Road Weyn. baayacmushtariyaasha Khujand, dalalka fog laabtay, keeno alaabta ma aha oo kaliya arrimaha dibadda, laakiin sidoo kale aqoon. magaalada magoolay, shaqo ugu weyn ee deggan tuulooyinka ku hareereysan ahaa beeraha iyo xannaanada xoolaha. Waxaa horumariyo farsamada gacanta. Meel gaar ah waxaa loo heystey ganacsiga.

magaalada bariga Rich, waxa uu si joogta ah loo soo galeen oo ay ku soo duulay, kuwaas oo ku riyooday inay qabsadaan, oo waxay ku dhici. Laakiin taariikhda ayaa sii raagayaan caddayn guulaysanaya ciidammadoodu geesaha Aleksandra Makedonskogo dhawra magaalada iyo ka qayb qaatay dhinaca horumarinta. Waxa uu helay magaca cusub Alexandria Eskhata (ba'an).

Duulaankii ee tataarka si buuxda u tirtirayaa wejigiisa dhulka. Laakiin meel magaalada ahayd la soo celiyey. Taasi waxay keentay in ay meesha wanaagsan.

Iyadoo qayb ka ah Empire Ruushka

Qarniyo maray, magaalada si tartiib tartiib ah loo joojiyo horumarka iyo bilaabeen inay ka yar doorka, gobolka nolosha Central Asia. booska wadista waxa uu ku mashquulsan Samarkand, Bukhara, Kokand. Ee dadka ka shaqeeya beeraha, iyo keliya qayb yar oo ka mid ah farsamada ugaadhsado, gaar ahaan texeen dhar xariir.

In 1866, magaalada Khujand waxaa ka guulaystay ciidamada dalka Ruushka oo ku jira Empire Ruush ah. Dhismaha waddada tareenka ee ku neefsaday oo nolol cusub u galay. Waxa uu noqday xarunta of isgoyska of waddooyinka isku xira Fergana, Zeravshan Valley iyo abaabulan xidshiidha.

Magaaladu waxay soo diray shaqaalaha tareenada ee, injineerada ee dhismaha iyo dayactirka saldhigyada tareenka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhakhaatiirta, macalimiinta yimid iyaga. dugsiyada iyo isbitaallada oo la furay. Waxaa jiray warshadaha farsamada yar. Tani waxaa fududeeyay khayraadka dabiiciga ah, in saliid gaar ah, biraha non-ferrous.

Iyadoo qayb ka ah USSR

Inkastoo horumarinta weyn ee magaalada, ayuu ku hadhay gobollada dib ugu of Empire Ruush la shirkadaha artisanal yar, inta badan texeen. ubax ugu weyn ee gobolka Leninabad gaaray USSR. La dhisay ganacsiyo cusub, dib jir. injineerada, shaqaalaha, dhakhaatiirta, macalimiinta, saynisyahano oo lagu baranayay khayraadka dabiiciga ah: Bedka shaqaalaha u qalma yimid. dugsiyada furay, isbitaalada, xarumaha tababarka xirfadaha, si ay u diyaariyaan shaqaalaha cusub, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa ka dadka deegaanka.

Khujand waxaa magacooda loo baxshay in Leninabad. Waxa uu noqday xarunta maamulka gobolka waxaa ka mid ahaa 8 magaalo kaabayaasha horumaray iyo warshadaha. In gobolka bilaabay inuu soo saaro dhuxusha, saliid, zinc, lead, tungsten, molybdenum, midabyo iyo Meerkuridu. ee shirkadaha macdanta ore iyo processing ugu weyn ee la dhisay. In Leninabad la qotomiyey warshad weyn oo dhar xariir.

In ka badan saddex meelood wadarta soo saarka warshadaha ee Jamhuuriyadda siiyey gobolka Leninabad. Tajik sii buurayn ee wejigeeda helay hogaamiyaha warshadaha iyo dhaqaalaha.

Cities Leninabad (Sogdi) field

Sababo la xiriira xarumaha dadka ku yaal dhulkeeda, meel keentay in dhaqaalaha ee Tajikistan qabsaday gobolka Leninabad. Cities waxaa ka mid ah in ay ka kooban, lahaa shirkadaha warshadaha waaweyn, qaar iyaga ka mid ah waa mid gaar ah.

Guud ahaan, degaanka ka koobnaa 8 magaalo, oo ay ku jiraan Leninabad. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin taariikh dheer oo door muhiim ah sanadihii hore. Inta badan magaalooyinka ahaayeen laf-warshadaha ee gobolka Leninabad ah:

• Istravshan (Uroteppa). Waxay ku taallaa ee magalaada kala duwan Turkestan of 78 kiiloomitir u jirta xarunta gobolka. Waxa uu ku nool yahay waxa ay 63 kun oo qof.
• magaalada Isfara, oo ku yaalla dooxada kala duwan Turkestan webiga Isfara ah. Home si ay 43,000 oo qof.
• Kairakum (Khodjent). Waxaa ku yaal kaydka Kara Kum. Home si ay 43,000 oo qof.
• Panjakent waxa uu ku yaalaa on webiga Zarafshan ah, at sare ah ee 900 mitir heerka badda. Tirada dadka ee 36,5 kun oo qof.

Khujand

Leninabad, Khujand casriga ah, mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu quruxda badan ee Valley Fergana ah. Duniyooyinka tiixtiix buurta, a, Beero xaqse qorraxda-armuu iyo ubax, waa abaabulan run ah. Syr Darya iyo kayd Karakum waxaa cimilada khafiif ah ka samaysaa, oo kulaylka koonfurta si fudud wareejiyo. Buurihii waxay ka dabaysha cidlada kulul ee xagaaga iyo qabow ee xilliga qaboobaha ilaaliyo.

Gobolka City Leninabad Leninabad iyo booskaasi u horseedda in dhaqaalaha Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic ah, taas oo qayb ka iyo barwaaqo. kaabayaasha horumaray ee magaalada. Dhismaha goobaha cusub ee la deggan yahay, iskuulada, isbitaalada, xannaanooyinka, xarumaha dhaqanka, goobaha isboortiga. In magaalada Institute koriska la furay, wax badan oo ka mid ah dugsiyada farsamada iyo kulliyadaha. Khadadka trolleybus ayaa la dhigay si loo hagaajiyo sahayda gaadiidka.

dareenka badan ayaa lagu bixiyey in ka taxadiri naqshadaha, shuqullada dib u soo celinta la fuliyey. sameeyay excavations qaddiimiga ah ee u dhow magaalada. Fur Local History Museum ah, Musical Comedy Tiyaatarka. Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of sii buurayn ee Tajik ah waxaa la aasaasay.

Leninabad noqday xarunta warshadaha ee Central Asia. Waxaa ka shaqeeya tiro badan oo ah shirkadaha waaweyn: Isku dhar xariir, grenazhny, siriq suuf, weelka galaaska, dhirta korontada, caano iyo dhirta qasaceyn iyo in ka badan.

magaalada Taboshar

Gobolka waxaa magaalo yar oo raaxo leh Taboshar. Gobolka Leninabad (Tajikistan) ayaa tiro ka mid ah magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka lahaa muhiimadda istiraatiiji u ah Midowga Soofiyeeti. Close si Taboshar waa kayd qani ku ah senti polymetallic ay ku jiraan inta badan zinc, wuxuuna ku aroorin jidka oo lacag bixiyay, dahab, copper, bismuth, iyo tiro ka mid ah macdanaha kale.

Dhow yahay "tailing" - dhiigmiiradka qashinka processing ore. Waxaa jira in ka badan 20 sano oo uranium miino, oo la farsameeyo ee Chkalovsk u dhow. Warshad magaalada "Star of East ah", taas oo ay soo saaraan qaybo iyo matoorada for gantaalo istiraatiiji ah ku shaqeeya tan iyo 1968dii. Hadda waxay conserved, tan iyo burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti, dadka deegaanka ugu dhaqaaqay Russia iyo dalalka kale. Magaaladu waxay hoy u tahay shacabka laga soo tarxiilay Western Ukraine, Baltic iyo Volga Jarmalka.

Maanta magaalada ayaa dadka kaliya 13.5 kun, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay yihiin shaqo la'aan. Marka waxaa la isugu, magaalada raaxo leh oo qurux badan leh ay duurka blackberry, iyo ubaxyo beeraha iyo guga, magaalada waxaa lagu aasay ceeryaan ah abrikot ubax badan oo swirled dhicin iyo dragonflies.

magaalada Chkalovsk

Dhisay 1946, Leninabad Macdanta iyo Chemical Isku siiyey dhalashada ilaa magaalo la yidhaahdo "Chkalov". Gobolka Leninabad helay magaalada kale ee ay ka kooban. Maanta, waxaa jira ah oo ku saabsan 21 kun oo qof. Ka dib burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti ku saabsan 80% ka mid ah dadka deggan hore ka tagay dejinta.

Plant siiyey kaca ma aha oo kaliya in ay magaalada, laakiin sidoo kale nuclear ugu horeeyay ee nuclear oo qarax ugu horeysay ee Soviet qaaradda, kaas oo buuxinaya uranium hodan, soo saaray ee warshadda. wax xumu ka timaada beeraha oo dhan of Central Asia iyo Valley Ferghana ah, taas oo ahayd badan.

Ugu site ee magaalada waxa la dhisay tuulo raaxo leh, taas oo ay ku noolaayeen oo kuwii ku dhisayna iyo shaqaalaha ee warshadda. Iyada oo ay horumar ku koray iyo tuulada, taas oo la siiyey xaaladda magaalada ee 1956. In Chkalovsk lahaa ugu wanaagsan ee dugsiyada, xannaanooyinka, isbitaallada, shineemooyinka iyo xataa laba tiyaatarka.

Hareereysan Ereyada iyo ubax, oo leh kaabayaasha a horumariyo - magaaladan xusuustay muwaadiniinteeda kuwaas oo u tagay. xaaladda ay ku sugan Buston, in uu helay in aannu mar magac, waa miskiin. Marka shirkadaha awood uma shaqeeyaan, in guryaha ma aha had iyo jeer biyo, inta badan gooyay korontada, deggan haray qasbo inuu ka tago meesha aad deggan tahay.

Meelaha gobolka Leninabad

juqraafi ahaan gobolka Leninabad, Syrdarya River iyo Zarafshan, Kara Kum kaydka abuuray xaaladaha wanaagsan loogu talagalay beeraha. Inta dhulka ee gobolka jiifsan jardiinooyin iyo beeraha, taas oo tiro badan oo ah khudaarta yihiin koray. Xataa in times Soofiyeeti dhirta waxaa falanqeeyo of miraha iyo khudaarta la dhisay. In gobolka waxaa jira ilaa 14-degmo beeraha. Hoos waxaa ku qoran liiska degmooyinka iyo tirada dadka degan (kun):

• Aini - 76,9;
• Asht - 151,6;
• Bobo Gafurov - 347,4;
• Devashtich - 154,3;
• Gorno-Matchinskiy- 22.8;
• Jabbar-Rasulov - 125,0;
• Zafarabad - 67,4;
• Istaravshan - 185,6;
• Isfara - 204,5;
• Kanibadam - 146,3;
• Matcha - 113,4;
• Panjakent - 231,2;
• Spitamen - 128,7;
• Shahristan - 38.5.

Taasoo keentay booska in howsha wax soo saarka xoolaha ee Jamhuuriyadda qabsaday gobolka Leninabad, meelaha ku hawlan yihiin in wax soo saarka caanaha, hilibka - taasi waa weyn ee ay xoogga xoolaha. In dooxada ku hawlan yihiin in taranta ee riyaha iyo idaha. dareenka badan waxaa la siiyaa beerista of suuf.

aagga Khojent

Bedelayaan ma ahayn u tudhay iyo, meesha ugu weyn ee Khojent. Gobolka Leninabad ayaa noqday gobolka Sogd ah, magaalada Leninabad xanbaarsan magaca Khujand, meesha Khojent ayaa loo magacaabay Bobo Gafurov. xarunta ay maamul - dejinta Gafurov.

Bedka uu ku yaal dooxada Ferghana iyo waa ugu horumaray iyo aag aad u ballaaran beeraha ee Leninabad (gobolka Sogd). In waqooyiga xadka ay la Gobolka xidshiidha ah, oo ku yaalla koonfurta - la Kyrgyzstan. On dhulka waxaa jira warshad suuf weyn, iyo shirkadaha cuntada yar.

goobta ayaa ku dhow xarunta gobolka, si ay diiradda saareen wax soo saarka beeraha. Waxaa siisa dadka degan miraha iyo khudaarta Khujand, kaas oo gobolka ka mid ah tiro aad u badan, iyo sidoo kale caano iyo hilib.