Frederick Taylor. Aasaasihii ururka sayniska ee shaqaalaha iyo maamulka

Ujeedada ugu weyn ee ganacsi - hagaajinta koobin waxqabadka iyaga u gaar ah. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, waxaad u baahan tahay in la kordhiyo wax soo saarka shaqaalaha iyo in la yareeyo kharashka aan loo baahnayn. Frederick Winslow Taylor aqoonsaday waxyaabaha saameeya wax soo saarka, laakiin sidoo kale ka dhigay Abuuraha reer hababka maaraynta sayniska. Iyada oo taxane ah oo tijaabo, ayuu wuxuu goostay markii celcelis ahaan dhamaystirka caadi hawlgallada qaarkood iyo hababka ugu fiican ee iyaga fulinta.

Frederick Taylor: Biography A

Aasaasihii mustaqbalka ee maamulka sayniska, waxa uu ku dhashay 1856 in qareenka qoyska ee Pennsylvania ah. Wuxuu bartay ee France iyo Germany, iyo dambe ee New Hampshire, ee Exeter Academy. Frederick Winslow Taylor asal ahaan loogu talo galay in uu noqdo qareen sida aabbihiis. Waxa uu si guul ah ka qalin jabiyay in 1847 ka Harvard College ee qaaska ah, laakiin wuxuu tusay dhibaatooyin aragga, oo uma ay oggolaan isagii u sii wato waxbarashadiisa.

Uu mustaqbalkiisa Frederick Taylor bilaabay sida modeler arday ah, markii qaar ka mid ahaa dareewal ah, laakiin at da'da 35 sano, waxaa la dalacsiiyay taliye maamulka ah ka dib markii si guul leh sameeyay taxane ah oo tijaabo ayaa dhagax wax bir Midvele ah, oo ku saleysan natiijooyinka dhigtay talooyin qiimo leh maamulka. Halkan inuu yahay lix sano ayaa ka fudud mushaharka shaqaalaha si Injineer sare, in waraaqo isku midka ah helay waxbarashada farsamada, iyo markii ugu horeysay mushaar kala shaqaalaha sidii ay wax soo saarka.

guulaha Professional

In 1890, aasaasaha mustaqbalka ee Taylorism dhamaado uu mustaqbalkiisa injineernimada oo noqday maamulaha guud ee wax soo saarka ee shirkadda maalgelinta Philadelphia. Laakiin saddex sano ka dib, wuxuu go'aansaday inuu ku soo bilowdo ganacsi isaga u gaar ah oo noqday ciyaaryahankii ugu horeeyay ee taariikhda maamulka by la taliye gaar ah. In isku midka ah, Frederick Taylor ku hawlan popularization ee hababka sayniska ee maamulka wax soo saarka iyada oo ay xubno ka yihiin Society American ee Farsamada Injineerro, waxa uu weli ma aasaasay urur u go'ay oo kaliya in ay arrintan.

fikradaha akhriska in isagii keeneen caan adduunka oo dhan, cilmiga ee lagu micneeyay in saddex shuqullo waaweyn:

• "Factory Management";
• "Mabaadii'da Maamulka Sayniska";
• "Maragga Congress ka hor by guddi gaar ah."

tijaabo la taaban karo

Iyada oo ka shaqeeya warshad birta Taylor baaritaan waqtiga ku baxay fulinta hawlaha wax soo saarka shakhsiga. Tijaabada kowaad wuxuu ahaa inay ku qiyaasto daqiiqado muhiimka ah ee jarida birta doofaarka. Frederick Taylor uu karin inuu lean saarka celceliska xeerarka shaqada, taas oo ka dibna bilaabay in la kordhiyay dhammaan shaqaalaha. Sidaas darteed, mushaarka shirkadu kordhay 1.6 jeer ay sabab u kordhiyaan wax soo saarka by dhawaad 4 laab iyo ka fikiraan habka wax soo saarka ee goosimo ah.

Nuxurka of tijaabo labaad, ay qabatay Taylor, waxay ahayd si loo ogaado hababka ugu fiican ee meel workpieces on mishiinnada taliye, kaas oo si gaar ah been abuurtay isaga by, iyo xawaaraha xaq u goynta leh. ganacsi wuxuu leeyahay tobanaan kun oo tijaabo in shaaca ka qaaday 12 arrimood oo saamayn ku oggolyahay finalka ayaa la sameeyey.

aragti cilmi

maamulka Sayniska - dheer dalad fikrado ka saareen marka la eego Taylor aragtida maamulka iyo dhaqanka. Uu hab ku lug wareegyada soo noqnoqda ee gaaban, isku xigxiga oo faahfaahsan hawlaha xubin kasta oo shaqaalaha, loola socdo fulinta ujeedooyinka iyo niyad shaqaalaha la isticmaalayo nidaamka abaal la taaban karo. maanta loo isticmaalaa in ururada ugu nidaamka kala ah mushahar iyo gunno loogu tala-qabadka waxaa la dhisay waqtigii hawlgalka ay. Sida laga soo xigtay cilmi weyn ee maamulka ururka Andrzej Huchinski iyo David Buchanan, hufnaan, saadaalin, oo ay gacanta ku habka wax soo saarka - waa goolkii ugu muhiimsan, taasoo loo aaneeyey inay Frederick Taylor in ay maamulka sayniska.

Isgaarsiinta nolosha shakhsiga ah iyo xirfad

Sidaas darteed of tixgelin waqtiga hawlgalka dhabta ah yaraynaysaa baahida loo qabo shaqada, shaqaalaha layga muday kelyaha xataa isku dayeen in ay dilaan cilmiga. Markii hore, iyo tan iyo hoggaamiyayaasha ganacsiga waxa ka soo horjeeda, iyo in Congress Maraykanka, guddi gaar ah inaad wax ka barato natiijada uu la aasaasay.

Tan iyo 1895, Taylor qudhiisa u huray in daraasadda ururka sayniska halkaas. Waqti ka, uu garawsannay in daryeelka shirkada ayaa suuragal ah keliya ku hoos jira xaalad wanaagsan, waayo shaqaale kasta oo u yimid. saynisyahan ku dhintay da'da 59 ka pneumonia, taasoo ka dhigeysa gabagabada ah in lagu dhiirrigeliyo cilmi-baarayaasha iyo ganacsatada maanta.

Frederick Taylor: Mabaadi'da Management

nidaamka maamulka Sayniska ku salaysan yahay saddex "tiirarka" on: simayo ee geedi socodka shaqada, xulashada nidaamsan iyo tababarka shaqaalaha, dhiirogelin lacagta abaal-qabadka wanaagsan. Sababta ugu weyn ee loogu talagalay waxtardarradoodu ee Taylor - waa dhiirigelin ku filnayn in la dhiiri geliyo shaqaalaha, sidaas oo kaliya ay u leeyihiin in ay bixiyaan in ganacsadaha oo casri ah dareenka.

At qalbiga nidaamka horumariyo by saynisyahano Ururka Shaqaalaha waa 4 mabaadiida:

• dareenka taxadir in qaybaha gaarka ah ee habka wax soo saarka ee aasaaska sharciyada iyo qaaciidooyinka ay dil ku ool ah.
• doorashada si taxadir ah shaqaalaha, tababarka iyo horumarinta xirfadeed, iyo sidoo kale casaan ah ee kuwa aan awoodin in ay fahmaan maamulka sayniska.
• maamulka-celinta shaqaalaha iyo wada ee warshadaha iyo sayniska.
• qaybinta hawlaha ka dhexeeya shaqaalaha iyo maamulka: marka hore waa mas'uul ka ah tayada iyo tirada wax soo saarka ugu dambeeya, halka kuwo kale - ee horumarka ah ee talooyinka hagaajinta ururka ee shaqada.

Taylor mabaadii'da ku xusan ayaa xaqiijiyay sax ah, maxaa yeelay, qarni ka dib, iyagu waa ku salaysan hawlaha shirkadu kasta, iyo waxbarasho ee nidaamka ay gacanta ku - waa mid ka mid ah tilmaamaha ugu weyn ee cilmi-baarista.