Emergency dabeecadda noolaha: tusaalooyin. Qoondaynta ee xaaladaha degdegga ah

Xaaladda degdegga ah waxaa lagu gartaa sida xaalad khatar jirta meel gaar ah. Sababta ay dhacdo waxay noqon kartaa nin-dhigay masiibooyinka, dhacdooyinka dabiiciga ah ba'an ama arrimo kale oo halis dadka dhibaato badan. Gaar ahaan ku habboon ee muddooyinkii dhowaa ay jirto wax dhibaato ah oo nooca musiibada noolaha oo adduunka ah.

qeexid

In formation of noocan ah musiibada in meel ka mid ah nolosha aadanaha, jiritaanka xayawaanka guri iyo dalagyo nolashaada halis ku qabriga, baabbi'in hab-nololeedyada iyo shaqooyinka.

Ilaha dabeecadda noolaha ee xaaladaha degdegga jira noocyo badanaa kala duwan ee cudurada faafa. Marka ay jirto la socodka ku filnayn of faafinta virus ama gaabis ah ku qaadato in la baabi'iyo cudurka tallaabooyin zone tartiib ballaarin doonto, taas oo macnaheedu yahay waxa uu noqon doonaa noolaha dheeraad ah cudurka.

story

Inta lagu jiro jiritaanka Dadka waxaa jiray qaar badan oo ka mid ah Xoogaga bakteeriyada cudurka keena, ee qarniyadii dhexe, cudurkii tirtiro saddex-meelood laba ka mid ah Yurub ku dhowaad, iyo in horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad, furuqa sheegay in nolosha ka badan labadii dagaal aduunka. Sanad kasta waxaa jira noocyo cusub oo halis u ah cudurada faafa aadanaha, iyo qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah, culumadu aysan awoodin in ay qabsadaan, HIV, cudur ku faraxnay, iwm ...

In Russia, dhibaatooyinka, ka hortagga iyo badanoo of xaaladaha degdegga ah sida masuuliyadda noolaha ee Wasaaradda la socodka caafimaadka, goobaha caafimaadka iyo adeegyada degdegga ah.

Nooca xaaladaha degdega ah. nin-dhigay musiibada

Xaaladaha degdega ah waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay ku xiran tahay halka uu ka soo jeedo. Maanta go'aansanay in loo qoondeeyo noocyada soo socda:

1. Dad-samee.
2. Deegaanka.
3. Dabiiciga ah.

nin-dhigay Degdegga ah, in uu yahay, kaas oo ka dhacay warshadaha, tamarta iyo waxyaabaha kale. Its feature ugu muhiimsan - waxay ahayd shil.

Inta badan musiibada ay keentay qalad aadanaha ama isticmaalka aan habboonayn ee qalabka wax soo saarka:

• shil gaari, shil diyaarad, tareenada, gaadiidka biyaha;
• dababka in dhismayaasha la deggan yahay iyo goobaha warshadaha;
• shil khatarta ejection walxaha kiimikada iyo shucaaca,
• burburkii dhismayaasha,
• daamanka, dhaawac nidaamka awood;
• shil ee goobaha la wadaago mas'uul ka ah hab-nololeedka qofka (bulaacadaha horumar degdeg ah, sahayda biyaha, kulka off, khalkhal gaaska);
• nasasho xireenka.

All nin-dhigay musiibadu dhicin sababta oo ah kormeerka ama dayacaada ku filnayn in ay ka shaqeeyaan ama shuruudaha ammaanka ee xarunta warshadaha ama nidaamka.

xaaladaha degdegga ah Environmental

Wixii kun oo sano Dadka ayaa isku dayaya in ay ka adkaan kari adduunka ku wareegsan, in ay ku riday dabiiciga ah si ay hawsha baahidooda, taas oo inta badan ay saameyn ba'an ku dhammaan nolosha caalamka. noocyada deegaanka degdegga ah ayaa loo la xidhiidha isbedel dhab ah oo inta badan celin karin ee deegaanka:

• meelaha biyo mareenka, aad iyo aad u heerarka wasakhda;
• beddelo kooban jawiga hawada: dhinacada hore uncharacteristic cimilada, content-dhaafka ah ee nijaasta ahaa in jawiga, ciiryaamada magaalooyinka, heerarka qaylada xad-dhaaf ah "dalool Allena";
• dhibaatooyinka la xiriira wasakhaysan ee hydrosphere ah, sida ka kooban aqueous dhulka oo dhan, unsuitability ee ilaha wax cabbaya, dheecaan, xaalufka, sii daayo qashinka oo badda lagu tuuro.

Ilaa dhawr sano ka hor, dhibaatooyinkan qaadataa ku dhawaad jirin, laakiin hadda, ka dib markii Chernobyl, shallowing of Sea Azov iyo kala duwanaanshaha la taaban karo ee heerkulka xilliyeed, gobolka dunida ayaa xiiso u hortagga hortagga iyo musiibada. In Russia, lacag badan loo qoondeeyay Ujeedada this sanad walba.

xaaladaha degdegga ah ee dabiiciga ah

musiibada dabiiciga ah ma keenaan wax badan by saameynta waxqabadyada aadanaha, ifafaale badan oo dabiici ah. In kasta oo mararka qaarkood aadanaha si dadban ku lug Musiibo dhacday, kala duwan.

Qoondaynta oo ah masiibo dabiici ah waxay bixisaa qaybaha soo socda:

• Dhulgariir ama buureedyada.
• Dhacdooyinka sababa geedi socodka dhulka, dhul, guurka, dabeylo, nabaad guurka, dhul, iwm ...
• Qoondaynta oo ah masiibo dabiici ah ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka saadaasha hawada, duufaanada, duufaanno, roobdhagaxyaale, roob culus, dhaxan, baraf, baraf, Baraf, kulaylka xad-dhaaf ah, abaarta.
• khataraha Marine: fatahaada, sunaamida, dabeylihii, cadaadis ama kala barafka, iyo wixii la mid ah ..
• ifafaale biyaha: korinta heerka biyaha, ciriiriga gaadiidka.
• Wildfires.

Emergency noolaha ee asal ahaan waxay sidoo kale khuseeyaan dabiiciga ah sida sabab cudurada faafa oo kala ah dadka, xoolaha iyo dhirta beeraha. Waayo this category, Qeexidda soo socda codsan: dhacdo ka mid ah aagga girgire cudurka, wareer live, faafa, sadheysan yihiin iyo habka epifitotichesky.

sababaha

Waayo, degdeg ah kasta loo qoondeeyey ilaha dhibaatada ay. Sidaas daraaddeed, Waayo, masiibo ee dabeecadda noolaha ee cudurkan faafa. Waxaa sababa mudida jidhka noolaha shisheeye, kuwaas oo loo yaqaan wareer ah.

1. Waayo, dadka, xoolaha iyo dhirta cudurka viral ugu burbur. tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ahaa oo baaxad weyn faafin hargabka ee qaabab kala duwan, oo sannad kasta mutates virus iyo islana wax daroogo ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa ka mid ah cagaarshow, busbuska, oo ka mid ah cudurada xoolaha - cagta iyo Cudurka afka iyo glanders.
2. Sababta soo socota nooca noolaha degdeg ah - caabuq bakteeriyo (meningococcal, enteritis, dabadhiig qaba). Horumarinta ee daawada in labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ayaa keentay in hoos u dhac in heerka cudurka by wareer ah ee noocan ah. Sababo la horumarinta antibiotics, kor ka hortagga iyo daryeelka cudurrada bakteeriyada ma aha sidaas u cabsi badan Dadka.

maareynta masiibada ku xiran tahay garashada sababaha dabka. Cudurka - habka ah in meel jirka ah oo kala duwan, faafa - marka cudurka ku baaso ka mid shaqeeyo in kale.

Heerka faafo

Iyadoo ku xiran heerka uu gaarsiisan yahay burburinta iyo musiibo dhibanayaasha loo kala saari karaa sida soo socota:

1. qiimaha degaanka ee xaaladaha degdegga ah, masiibooyinka ama marka cudurka la faafin ka baxsan aag yar, tirada dhibbaneyaasha waa wax ka badan toban qof iyo wax dhaawac ma dhaafto hal boqol oo kun.
2. Municipal - PC ku taala agagaarka gaar ah federaalka ama magaalada saameeyeen in ka yar konton qof, iyo dhaawaca shan milyan oo rubles gudahood.
3. Intermunicipal markii meesha ay dhibaatadu saameysey ayaa ballaadhiyey oo ka mid ah laba shay ku xiga, waxa ay noqon tuulo ama magaalo.
4. muhiimadda Regional degdeg noqdo, marka dhibaatada ma baxsan aagga this.
5. Inter-goboleed.
6. Federaalka, halkaas oo tirada dhibbaneyaasha waa ka badan shan boqol oo qof, oo meesha faafidda daboolayaa in ka badan laba gobol.

Cawaaqibka xaaladaha degdegga ah ee saameynta noolaha waxaa inta badan takhalusin by gobol kasta si gooni gooni ah. Marar dhif ah halkaasoo cudurrada faafa koobi tiro badan oo ah dadka waxaa lagu dhawaaqi karaa masiibo on qiyaasta qaran.

hababka qaybinta

• caabuqa xiidmaha. laga yaabaa inuu dhaco marka isticmaalka cuntada sumaysan iyo biyaha, isticmaalka suxuunta mid ah.
• caabuqyada neef-mareenka. Sababta oo ah caabuq uu noqdo xiriir toos ah la qofka buka.
• Cudurka maqaarka dibadda. Waxaa sabab u ah qaniinyada cayayaanka, xayawaanka, jiirka, caarada, at jajab nabarka oo ka kooban wareer ah viral.

dhibaato ah oo gooni ah cudurka dilaaga ah faafin inta lagu jiro dagaalka. Inkastoo ay ganaaxyo ku saabsan isticmaalka hubka sida xun wax u gumaada, dabeecadda noolaha ee xaaladaha degdegga ah kici xilliyo in qaar ka mid ah dhibco kulul dunida.

stage horumarineed

Environmental, xaaladaha degdegga ah ee dabiiciga ah iyo kuwa dad-sameega had iyo jeer waa isla calaamadaas, taas oo ka mid ah marxaladaha soo socda:

1. stage Generation, raasamaal ee aan caadi ahayn ee geedi socodka a, dhacdo ka mid ah xaaladaha iyo shuruudaha loogu talagalay muuqaalka kore ee xaalad degdeg ah. Iyada oo ku xidhan asalka ah ee wajigan socon karaa daqiiqo, saacadaha, sano iyo qarniyo. Tusaalayaal: halista dabka duurka, difaac wiiqay, la'aanta control of xaaladda baahsan ee gobolka, iyo wixii la mid ah ..
2. Bilowgii xaalad deg deg ah. Martigelin diidanyihiin habka bilow ah qaadataa meel. nin-dhigay masiibooyinka ayaa inta badan waa qodob aadanaha ee noolaha - shaqeeyo cudurka.
3. dulucdii ee geeddi-socodka laftiisa in ay dhacdo musiibo. Waxaa jira saamayn ugu badan soo gaartey dadweynaha (tusaale ahaan, fiditaanka fayraska hargabka).
4. Marxaladda afaraad, muddada suuska, marka adeegyada gaarka ah waxaa lagu reebay cawaaqib xaaladaha degdegga ah, ama ay yihiin sabab u tahay sababaha Ujeeddada.

Badanoo bilaabmaa marxaladda saddexaad iyo, iyada oo ku xidhan nooca xaaladda degdegga, waxa laga yaabaa inay qaadato bilood, sano ama xataa tobanaan sano. kiiska la degdegga ah noolaha gaar ahaan adag yahay. Xaaladaha qaarkood, waxa ay qaadataa sano si ay u horumariyaan, baaritaanka iyo hirgelinta daawooyinka lagama maarmaanka ah.

Amarka ka mid ah tirtiridda

dabeecadda degdegga ah noolaha waa khatar, sababtoo ah cudurrada faafa si dhakhso ah oo ayan sii faafin talaabo waqtiga waxay keeni kartaa dhaawac weyn ku ah caafimaadka dadka, ilaa uu ka dhinto. Sidaa darteed, barnaamij gaar ah garoomada ka tirtiridda mid ka mid ah saddex links-socodka ah ee faafidda cudurkan ayaa la sameeyey:

1. Saameynta halka uu cudurka iyo jeermi.
2. Raadinta iyo siyaabo jeex la isugu gudbiyo cudurka.
3. Horumarinta farsamooyin si loo hagaajiyo difaac cudurada faafa.

Marka si sax ah samayn, qiyaastaas oo gacan ka deegaamaynta ah ee ka dilaacay cudurka, ka dibna ku qaadeen badanoo ka mid ah cawaaqibka xaaladaha degdegga ah.

natiijooyinka suurtogalka ah

Fayrusyada iyo bakteeriyada uu jirka galo, oo markiiba bilaabaan inay si firfircoon badanayaan, keenaya waxyeello caafimaad oo muhiim ah. Sanad kasta dunida oo dhan, kumanaan qof ayaa u dhinta dhibaatooyinka uu keeno fayraska hargabka, ama ka saamaynta burbur of hepatitis iyo cudurrada kale ee bakteeriyadu keento xubnaha gudaha.

Sababta waxay noqon kartaa xaaladaha degdegga kasta. Xayawaanka iyo dhirta beerta ayaa sidoo kale soo if-baxay cudurada kala duwan, iyo, ka bacdi, sidoo kale uma shaqayn karo sida il cudurka. Warbaahinta inta badan u muuqataa warbixin ku saabsan doofaarka ama hargabka shimbiraha, kuwaas oo la dilay ama si qasab ah lagu dilay tiro badan oo xoolo, iyo warshadaha ayaa soo gaaray dhaawac weyn.

Tallaabooyinka ah in laga hortago xaaladaha degdegga ah

Ka hortagga xaaladaha degdegga ah ayaa gaarka ah u gaar ah, wax badan ku xiran tahay horumarinta daryeelka caafimaadka ee dalka, helitaanka barnaamijyada dowladda. In Russia, sababtoo ah cimilada adag ay jirto wax dhibaato ah oo fiditaanka fayraska infalawansada ah sanad kasta, gaar ahaan carruurta.

Habka ugu wanaagsan ee looga hortago cudurka faafaya ama ka dhigi cudurka sababa dhaawac yar, - ka hortagga firfircoon. Haddii daawooyinka our ma caawin, waa in aad raacdo xeerasha dhaqanka xaaladaha degdegga ah.

Iyada oo ku xidhan nooca ficilka la dagaallanka cudurka iyo cudurka ilaa xad ah la wadaago waxaa soo socda habab looga hortago cudurro dillaaca ama masiibo:

• tallaabooyin ka hortag ah. Waxay si joogto ah la sameeyay, xataa ay ka maqan yihiin cudurka. Muddooyinkan danbe qaadeen tallaalka hargabka ee Russia, fuliyay outreach baahsan, dhakhaatiirta boorinayaa bukaanka in ay ka fogaadaan booqashada dhacdooyin tiro badan oo dad ah iyo inay xajiyaan oo nadaafad shakhsiyeed wanaagsan.
• hawlaha Anti-faafa sameeyay inta lagu guda jiro cudurka mass degdeg ah ee gobolka oo gaar ah.

Caddee nooca tallaabooyinka loogu baahan yahay hirgelinta oo dhan ururada iyo qaab-dhismeedka, waxaa mas'uul ka ah caafimaadkooda qof waluba wuxuu xanbaarsan yahay.

Tusaale ahaan in Russia

A boqol oo sano ka hor, hargabka fudud qaadi karaan in hal xilli ciyaareed nolosha kun oo qof, laakiin la alifay ee immunomodulating iyo daawooyinka fayruska iyo tallaabooyinka ka hortagga ka hortagga musiibooyinka ayaa wax badan ka fiican oo noqday. Laakiin maanta dalkeena waa in muddo qabow ayaa wajahaya faafa ee heer gobolka, sannad kasta sheyga way isbaddali iyo qabsado dawooyinka, si dhakhaatiir u leeyihiin in ay raadiyaan xal cusub.

Waxa intaa dheer in Wasaaradda Caafimaadka, badanoo ka mid ah cawaaqibka dabeecadda noolaha ee xaaladaha degdegga ah ee Russia ayaa ku hawlan dhismeedka noocan oo kale ah sida daawada degdegga ah. Ururka Tani ma aha oo kaliya la socodka cudurka ee dalka, soo saara gacanta badanoo ka mid ah cawaaqibka cudurada mass, laakiin sidoo kale kor u xeerarka guud ee anshaxa lagu jiro xaaladaha degdegga ah, saadaasha iyo yeesho habab cusub oo wax looga qabanayo dhibaatooyinka noolaha.

Wakhtigan cudurrada faafa gaar ahaan khatar ah - taas cudurku, daacuun, HIV, qandhada jaallada ah, hepatitis A viral, dabadhiig, tiifowga iyo hargabka.