Diyaarinta aldehydes iyo falcelin

Aldehydes iyo ketones ku jira kooxda xeryahooda carbonyl, iyo wakiil Britain hydrocarbon ah. Si fudud u gelin, aldehydes - xarunta ah ee carbon iyo hydrogen atamka, iyo ketones - xarunta carbonyl la aldehydes harta carbon. Sida caadiga ah, isku-dar ah group carbonyl iyo hydrogen yeedhay group aldehyde, oo waxay isku aldehydes iyo ketones - oksidheeyeyaal xarunta.

Marka laga reebo formaldehyde, taas oo uu leeyahay qaab gas, iyo cayn kasta oo kale oo aldehydes iyo ketones waa dareere mobile isagoo dhibic karaya oo aad uga yar tahay heerkulka carbon ay tiro isku mid ah atamka ah. Hydrogen, taas oo ah qayb ka mid ah aldehydes ah, ogolaanayo in ay si buuxda u baabbi'isaa biyaha.

Diyaarinta aldehydes dhacdaa by habab kala duwan ku kala duwan yihiin kakanaanta iyo walax taas oo dhacda la qayilo hydrocarbon ah. Nooca ugu fudud ee loo yaqaan aldehyde formaldehyde, helay markii xarunta oo ah ogsijiin iyo methane leh tiro yar oo wax copper-zinc. Diyaarinta aldehydes iyo ketones ku xiran tahay kala duwan xarunta kiimikada iyo tirada atamka lug ku qayilo ah.

The acids kuwaas oo helay ka dib markii xeryahooda aldehyde iyo waxyaabaha kale ee haysta substrate isla carbon. Magacyada waxyaabaha aldehyde ugu badan yihiin magacyada Ciyaalle Ruush used u dhigma magaca acids final, kuwaas oo diinta aldehyde. Tusaale ahaan, magacyada qaar ka mid ah aldehydes: formic, acetic, Propionic, butyric iyo aldehydes isobutyric. Oo mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waa laga soo kasta oo kale oo kala duwan ee tirada atamka. Diyaarinta aldehydes waa inta badan ay sabab u tahay qayilo ee alcohols hoose. Waxaa ugu muhiimsan ee dhammaan hababka loo yaqaan diyaarinta walaxda.

Acetaldehyde waa la helay by isku dhafan ee khamriga iyo dichromate potassium, waxaana la qabtay, habka this had iyo jeer in shaybaarka. Habka labaad by kaas oo retrieves xarunta aldehyde waa ah khamriga, ogsijiin iyo bir. Platinum Xaaladaha intooda badan, tan iyo biraha tani waa talaabada ugu firfircoon. Waxaad kaloo isticmaali kartaa budada copper, laakiin inuu la sii adag u shaqeeyaan. Waayo, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la kululeeyo xarunta copper in heerkulka sare.

Falcelinta taas oo oxygen qayb, waxa lagu celcelin karaa lambarka mid ka mid ah jeer. In lagu qayilo ee copper la oxygen helay khamriga methyl. Iyo diyaarinta aldehyde Benzosyrene ka atamka halogeen, taasoo keentay in reaction kiimikada by hydroxyl.

aldehyde kasta oo gaar ah ayaa hantida kiimikada, kaas oo, ee jeedo, fal la walxaha kale. Waxyeellada waxaa loo qaybin karaa kooxo dhowr ah, iyadoo kooxaha kala ah atamka. Ta hore waxa weeye xiriir si xabagta oo lacag ah. Marka xarunta xabagta oo lacag ah, iyo aldehyde, iyo kulaylinta isku dar ah in tube imtixaan loo arki karaa daahan macdan ah. Haddii aldehyde ku darto xabagta copper iyo hadalo kulul heerkulka sare, buluug soo dadajin hydroxide copper beddelin huruud ah. Taasi waa, maalkiisu waa diinta acid ah. Sidoo kale waa in la ogaadaa in haddii ey isku jaalaha ahaa kululeeyo, in dhamaadka ay muuqato cas.

Diyaarinta aldehydes leh guryaha leedahay beduliyum, iyo qiimihii lagu qayilo muddo dheer, iyo ugu danbeyn keenaysaa in dhacdo of acid ee perbenzoic.

Waxyaabaha kale, waxaad ku bixin kartaa fiiro gaar ah u reaction aldehyde ah, loo yaqaan reaction Cannizzaro ah. Inta lagu guda jiro dareen-celin this, mid ka mid ah laba taagoo of aldehyde ah waxaa loo baddalaa acid ah, iyo labaad - back to aalkolada. Dhammaan ka mid ah hababka kor ku soo diyaarinta aldehydes mid lagu wareero, iyo laga yaabee aan la fahmi karin in qofka jaahil, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa muhiim ah in la xusuusto in ku dhowaad dhammaan aldehydes waa mid aad u sun ah oo gaari karaan in jidhka bini'aadamka.