Dheef-caaga, ay nuxurka iyo doorka ee jirka

Dheef-caaga waa magac kale oo anabolism ama milmaan, iyo waa a collection of dhan falcelinta enzymatic lagmamaarmaanna u keeni in xeryahooda bioorganic yihiin dhexsameeysmo jirka.

sarrifka caaga ka mid ah biosynthesis ee borotiinada, subaga, carbohydrates, acids nucleic. Marka anabolism sidoo kale maraa habka of photosynthesis iyo chemosynthesis.

Haddii aan ka hadlo shiid caag ah ee jidhka bini'aadamka, waxaa isla markiiba loo baahan yahay in la yidhaahdo in dhammaan nafaqooyinka in uu jirka galo cunto, waxay leeyihiin a Halabuurka kelli sare, sidaas daraaddeed aan la hayeyna karo. In geeddi-socodka dheefshiidka, xeryahooda, kuwaas oo ku dhacaa monomers shakhsi, kuwaas oo hore u isticmaalo ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee walxaha macromolecular gaar asalka ah ee jidhka bini'aadamka.

Mid ka mid ah fasalada ugu muhiimsan ee xeryahooda ku jira borotiinno. dabeecadda Protein leeyihiin oo dhan ensaymes ee jirka, iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah hormoonada. Borotiin waa unugga (bixisaa shaqada neefsashada), antibodies (jawaab difaaca bixisaa u shaqeeyo), actin iyo myosin (predetermine foosha muruqa), collagen oo keratin (qabtaan shaqo ah dhismaha jirka).

Marka la eego doorka muhiimka ah ee protein jirka si ay shaqo, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la tixgeliyo habka ay Avv sida qayb muhiim ah oo is-dhaafsiga caag ah.

Waa inaan sheegaa in noolaha oo dhan ku kala duwan yihiin joogitaanka borotiinada gaar ah, kuwaas oo ka kooban acids amino. Waa jagooyinka qaraabo ah acids amino go'aamisa guryaha gaarka ah ee xeryahooda protein ah.

Borotiin yihiin dhexsameeysmo cytoplasm gacanta ku organelles gaar ah - ribosomes. dhismayaasha waxay ka kooban yihiin ee subunits waaweyn iyo kuwo yaryar. Waxay ku lug Avv borotiinka. door muhiim ah ka biosynthesis ee borotiinada ciyaari acid ah nucleic, taas oo ka mid ah DNA iyo RNA. Sidaas darteed, unugyada dhismaha ee DNA (hiddo) ku jira ku suntan macluumaad ku saabsan qaab dhismeedka hoose ee borotiin ah (amino acid isku xigxiga), iyo RNA ayaa mas'uul ka ah akhriska iyo gaadiidka goobta of acids amino, halkaas oo ay jiraan Avv borotiinka.

Avv Protein dhacdaa laba talaabo: qoraal iyo turjumidda. At xudunta u ah qoraal uu yahay nidaamka of wareejinta macluumaad ku saabsan qaab-dhismeedka ka mid ah protein in DNA si RNA.

Translation - waa ereygu wuxuu si toos ah silsilad polypeptide la isku xigxiga oo amino acid dhigma sida ay a code genetic, iyadoo ay kaalmo ka mid ah shax (warbixin) RNA. Geedi socodka oo dhan turjumaad maraa saddex marxaladood: bilaabidda, muruqa, terminanatsii. Sidaas darteed of baahinta sameeyay protein la dhismeedka aasaasiga ah.

Waxaa haboon in la xasuusnaado in sarrifka ee caagga ah - ma aha oo kaliya ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee borotiinada ama kale xeryahooda organic, laakiin photosynthesis, oo waa geedi socod adag iyo multistage, waxaa maraa laba weji.

Wejiga iftiin qubanayo in chloroplasts (on thylakoids), kuna waari dhexdeeda ATP waxaa la aasaasay oo ku qarisay oxygen kelli iyo wajiga madow kordhiyay walax guud ahaan chloroplast iyo sababaa nuugista ee carbon dioxide iyo formation of carbohydrates.

Anigu ma u baahan deggan doorka photosynthesis, waxaa ku filan in la yidhaahdo in geedi socodka sanad walba soo saarta 150 billion. Walxaha Ie dabiiciga ah organic, iyo sidoo kale ku saabsan $ 200 billion. Ton oo ogsijiin.

waa waxaan idinku leeyahay dheef caag ah oo la xidhiidh dhow in ay geedi socodka tamarta ka dhaca jidhka. Sayidka, Dheef tamarta (catabolism) waa hab lagu soo horjeeda ee anabolism oo ka mid ah oo dhan cadaanyo cholesterol ah, markii xeryahooda adag cawisa in walxaha fudud iyo-kelli sare waxaa lagu beddelay taxane ah oo miisaankiisu yahay kelli hooseeyo. Marka tamarta tani waxaa la sii daayay, oo waxaa loo isticmaalaa in geedi socodka shiid caag ah.

Sayidka, caagga ah iyo Dheef tamarta ee unugyada foomka ku saleysan is-dhaafsiga total - shiid, kaas oo ka kooban dhammaan geedi socodkii Avv oo kala daatay ee walxaha.