Degree of dissociation of electrolytes daciif ah oo xoog badan

Ereyga "dissociation" ee kimisteriga iyo Kiimikada noole ee bololka waa kiimikooyinka habka galay udhigo iyo xag ah. Dissociation - Waa arrin ka soo horjeeda ee ururka ama recombination, waana karo. qiimaysay taranta of dissociation la sameeyaa by qiimaha noocan oo kale ah sida heerka uu dissociation. Waxay leedahay α warqad naqshada iyo qaabka cadaanyo dissociation in direyska nidaamyada (dhqaalaha) sida ay isla'eg: CA ↔ R + gobolka A ee hoganaya. SC - walxaha a mid ah waxyaabaha la bilaabo, K iyo A - waa qayb ka wanaagsan oo kala jejebiyey oo sabab u ah dissociation ee wax particulate weyn. From oo waxaa soo socota in nidaamka la-socodyo doonaa oo undissociated Qurub. Haddii aynu ka fikirno in u taagoo n maydin iyo ma maydin taagoo N, qiimayaashan waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si loo dissociation ah, taas oo loo xisaabinayaa boqolkiiba: Daawynta = n • 100 / N ama qaybta jajabka: Daawynta = n / N.

In uu yahay, heerka uu dissociation waa saamiga qayb-socodyo (molecules) nidaamka dhqaalaha (xal) qadarka hore ee Qurub (molecules) ee nidaamka (xal). Haddii la og yahay in α = 5%, waxay ka dhigan tahay in kaliya 5 ka mid ah 100 taagoo of taagoo bilowga ah waa in qaab udhigo, iyo ka hartay 95 taagoo ma cawisa. Waayo, mid kasta oo α walax shaqsi doono, sida ay ku xiran tahay nooca kiimikada ee Britain ayaa ah, iyo sidoo kale on heerkulka iyo qadarka walaxaha in nidaam dhqaalaha (xal), i.e. ay fiirsashada. electrolytes Strong, oo ay ka mid acids qaarkood, saldhigyada iyo cusbada in xal si buuxda beri galay udhigo, sabab this ma ku haboon yihiin waxbarashada habka dissociation. Sidaa darteed, waxbarasho ee electrolytes daciif codsatay, taagoo ee beri galay udhigo in xalka ma aha gebi ahaanba.

Waayo, reactions karo dissociation joogto dissociation (KD), taas oo calaamad u ah gobolka kortay, waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa formula ah: KD = [K] [A] / [CA]. Sidee heerka uu si joogto ah dissociation oo waxa la isku xidhan, waxaa suurtagal ah si ay u eegaan tusaale ahaan ka mid ah elektrolytka daciif ah. Iyada oo ku saleysan sharciga Barxo dhisay oo dhan sabab u macquul ah, KD = c • α2, halkaas c - fiirsashada of xalka (kiis this = [SC]). Waxaa la og yahay in mugga xal V 1 mol dm3 kala diri walax. In gobolka bilowga-fiirsashada oo ka mid ah laga bilaabo taagoo wax lagu sheegi karaa by: c = [SC] = 1 / V mol / dm3, iyo ka-fiirsashada ra'iyi waxay noqon doontaa: [R] = [A] = 0 / V mol / dm3. Marka hoganaya gaarey qiimaha ay beddelay: [Ka] = (1 - α) / V mol / dm3 iyo [R] = [A] = α / V mol / dm3, halka KD = (α / V • α / V) / (1 - α) / V = α2 / (1 - α) • V. Kiiska of electrolytes fogaanayo yar, heerka dissociation (α) oo ku dhow yahay inuu eber, iyo mugga xalka lagu sheegi karaa in marka la eego fiirsashada yaqaan: V = 1 / [SV] = 1 / s. Markaas isla'egta loo badali karaa: KD = α2 / (1 - α) • V = α2 / (1 - 0) • (1 / s) = α2 • s, iyo soo saarida xididka laba jibbaaran ee jajabka KD / s, waxaa suurtagal ah si ay u xisaabiso heerka of dissociation ah α. sharciga Tani waa ansax haddii α waa uga yar yahay 1.

Waayo, electrolytes xoog badan yihiin oo ku habboon dheer waa heerka muuqata of dissociation. Waxaa la helay sida saamiga lacagta muuqata of walxaha-socodyo si dhab ah ama qeexidda formula Wehliyaha isotonic (loo yaqaan factor van't Hoff, iyo muujinaysaa dabeecadda dhabta ah ee walax in xal): α = (i - 1) / (n - 1). Halkan i - Van't factor Hoff, iyo n - qadarka udhigo soo saaray. Waayo, xal, taagoo gebi ahaanba burburtay galay udhigo, α ≈ 1, iyo hoos u uruureen of Daawynta sii kordheysa waxay noqonaysaa inay 1. Dhammaan this lagu sharaxay by aragtida ah ee electrolytes xoog leh, kaas oo uu tilmaamayaa in dhaqdhaqaaqa siifilisku iyo anions carqaladeeyey taagoo elektrolytka xoog ku adag tahay sababo dhowr ah. First, udhigo ku hareereysan taagoo of dareeraha ah kala horjeeda, waa xidhiidhka ka electrostatic waxaa lagu magacaabaa solvation. Second, oppositely eedeeyay siifilisku iyo anions in xalka, ay sabab u tahay tallaabo ah ee soo jiidashada labada dhinac oo shurako ah foomka ciidamada ama lammaane ra'iyi. Associates dhaqmaan taagoo sida undissociated.