Daroogada Neuroprotective - waa maxay? Nootropics. Diyaargaraw tallaabo nootropic

Nootropics - Waa maxay dawadan? Jawaabta su'aasha a aad ka soo gudbinta article u hesho. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaad ku baran doontaa taariikhda ay asal ahaan, mabaadi'da hawlgalka, guryaha, tilmaamo iyo saamaynta on codsiga.

Guudmarka

daroogada Neuroprotective - waa maxay? Daawooyinkan waxaa loo horumariyo shaqada maskaxda, nooleynaya jidhka iyo nolol dheeraan. Waxaa kiciya neyrometabolicheskie in ay leeyihiin saamayn kaakicin ah waxbarashada. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxay si weyn u hagaajiyo waxqabadka maskaxda iyo xusuusta. Ereyga "nootropic" wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba eray oo Giriig ah νους iyo τροπή, taas oo macnaheedu yahay "ku hay" iyo "beddelka", siday u kala horreeyaan.

description

tallaabo nootropic daroogada aadan haysan fasal ee kala soocidda ee daawooyinka caafimaad. Taasi waa sababta ay la weheliso kiciya oo lagu daweeyey kooxda pharmacotherapeutic la Ath ee code soo socda: N06VH.

Taariikhda dhacdo

In 1963, ee pharmacologists Belgian iyo S. V. Skondia Giurgea dhexsameeysmo daroogada ugu horeysay ka koox wakiil - "Pyracetam". Maanta waa daroogada nootropic yaqaan in ay bukaanka ugu badan sida "Nootropil". Like psychostimulant a bartamihii qarnigii 20-, waxay hagaajinaysaa maskaxda awoodda nin oo sidaas waxyeelo ma laha.

In 1972, mid ka mid ah aasaasayaasha medicament ayaa soo jeediyay ereyga "nootropic" si loogu yeero koox ka mid ah daroogada in kor loogu qaado xasuusta aqooneed, waxbarasho iyo dareenka, iyo sidoo kale saamayn transcallosal ka iman kara hantidaan hawl antihypoxic hana isticmaali waxyeello ka soo gaartey jirka ka.

Marka la barbardhigo ah psychostimulants yaqaan iyo nootropics kicin ah unugyada dareenka, oo raadad dheeraad ah si loo kordhiyo ay waxqabad, taas oo ah tiro halkii tayada. Waa in la ogaadaa in tallaabada ugu of daawooyinkan aan la muujiyey kadib qiyaasta hore iyo daaweyn muddada-dheer.

nootropics ugu dambeeyey

Currently, in ka badan 10 nootropics asalka dhexsameeysmo pyrrolidine taxanaha, kuwaas oo ah in wajiga 3 tijaabo, ama lagu diiwaan gashan ee dalalka qaar. Ka mid ah daawooyin sida loo aqoonsado "oxiracetam", "nefiracetam", "Etiratsetam", "Aniracetam", "Rolziratsetam", "Izatsetam", "pramiracetam", "Tsebratsetam", "Dupratsetam", "Detiratsetam" et al. Daawooyinka bandhigay leeyihiin magaca caadiga ah "racetam".

Marka laga reebo oo dhan dadka kale, iyo dhexsameeysmo nootropics kale ee qoyska oo ay ku jiraan GABAergic, cholinergic, glutamatergic iyo nidaamka peptidergic. Sidoo kale waa in la ogaadaa in qayb ka nootropic firfircoon waa la joogo in medicaments kale kuwaas oo asal ahaan ah kiimikada kala duwan.

Mabda 'hawlgalka

Nootropics - nooca daroogada, iyo taas oo ay soo magacaabay? The salaysan ficilka-daweynta ee daawooyinka sida been dhowr farsamooyinka:

• kaakicin geedi socodka caag ah in habka dhexe ee neerfayaasha ay sabab u tahay protein kordhay iyo Avv RNA;
• horumar ee gobolka tamarta ee neurons, kaas oo lagu muujiyay si kor loogu qaado Avv ATP iyo sidoo kale saamaynta antihypoxic iyo antioxidant;
• hagaajinta isticmaalka glucose,
• xoojinta habka la isugu gudbiyo synaptic in habka dhexe ee neerfayaasha,
• xuub xasilinta saamaynta.

Features daroogada

The hababka ugu muhiimsan ee daroogada sida loo arkaa in ay saamaynta ay si toos ah habka dheefshiidka iyo bioenergetics in unugyada dareenka, iyo sidoo kale is dhexgalka nidaamka of maskaxda (horrayn neurotransmitter).

Waxaa muddo dheer la caddeeyey in nootropics ay awoodaan in ay dhaqaajiso cyclase adenylate iyo kordhiso fiirsashada ee neuron ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, heerarka sare ee xilliile amp keenaysaa iyada oo isbedel ku daadanayo ee Ca2 intracellular + udhigo iyo K + inay sii daayo si degdeg ah neurotransmitter neuron ku dareen.

Sidoo kale waa in la ogaadaa in shaqeysiin cyclase adenylate awood u dayactirka xasiloonida ee wax soo saarka ATP in unugyada aan ogsijiin, iyo xaaladaha of hypoxia inuu turjumo-shiid maskaxda in hab a kaydiyaa.

daroogada Neuroprotective dadka waayeelka ah iyo carruurta waa lagama maarmaan si loo xoojiyo hal-abuurka iyo ka soo kabashada dib u dhac horumarka aqooneed. Soo-saareyaasha of dhiirrigeliyeyaasha sida sheegan in daawooyinka ay wanaajiyo-shiid ee acids nucleic, dhaqaajiso Avv borotiinka ee ATP iyo RNA yihiin kuwo si fiican gelin BBB, laakiin sidoo kale kordhin heerka of isticmaalka glucose.

guryaha nootoropov

Saamaynta of tiro ka mid ah daroogada nootropic mararka qaarkood waxaa dhex dhexaadin loo sii marayo Nidaamka neurotransmitter maskaxda (cholinergic, monoaminergic, glutamatergic).

Sida laga soo xigtay saarayaasha, nootropics abaalmarin kartaa noocyada kale ee saamaynta, ay ka mid yihiin:

• antioxidant;
• xuub xasilinta;
• neuroprotection;
• anti-hypoxic.

daawooyinka kale ee suurto gal ah

Nootropics ku talinaynaa isticmaalka adag ah. Maxaa yeelay, sidaas oo kale keliya hagaagtay hawl bioelectrical iyo hawl dhamaystiran ee maskaxda, in muuqato sida masaal caan isbedel ee elektarooniga ah (koror calaamadeeyay in heerka xillo, iyo sidoo kale ugu xumaa xukuma, marinka godkii macluumaadka u dhexeeya barka ah ee maskaxda, horumarinta ah Hippocampus awood spectrum EEG qaraabo iyo waadaxa ah iyo kiliyaha).

By hagaajinta gacanta cortico-subcortical ah, horumar of war isdhaafsi ee maskaxda, saamaynta togan on dhalmo iyo formation of raad xasuusta, waxaan si ammaan ah u oran karaa in daawooyinkan keeni kordhay barashada awooda, wanaajiyo xasuusta, fikirka, dareenka, aragtida, iyo hawshooda u ah ee hawlaha caqliga .

Dhab ahaantii, saarayaasha badan waxay ku andacoodaan in qalabka si weyn u hagaajin karaa oo dardar ku garashada (ama garasho). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, eedaymahaas aan la xaqiijiyay in si cilmiyeysan.

saamaynta

Sida laga soo xigtay farsameeya, daroogada nootropic leeyihiin on saamaynta aadanaha ee soo socda:

1. Mnemotropnoe (saamayn barashada iyo xusuusta).
2. Nootropic (saamayn heerka fursadaha muhiimka ah iyo xukummadiisa, iyo sidoo kale khalkhal shaqada cortical, wanaajiyo gacanta cortical dhaqdhaqaaqa subcortical, dareenka, fikirka iyo hadalka).
3. Adaptogenic (saamayn dulqaad in waxyaabo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan daroogada, la kordhiyo iska caabin guud ee u shaqeeyo in arrimo xad-dhaaf ah).
4. Kordhi heerka nimadu miyir, jeedaan (saameynta uu ku leeyahay gobolka miyir oo ka mid ah kuwa la dulmay iyo madoobaan).
5. Psychostimulant (saamayn tiiro maskaxda, sababaha saboolnimada hypobulia, arxandarro, aspontannost iyo dhimaal psychomotor).
6. Antiasthenic (saamayn on daal, feejignaan xumo, daciifnimo, ifafaale of daal jidhka iyo maskaxda).
7. Suuxinta (hoos caro iyo dareen excitability).
8. Niyad jabka.
9. Antikineticheskoe.
10. Daaqsinka (saamayn wareer, madax-xanuun iyo tserebrastenicheskom syndrome).
11. Antiepileptic (hawl qabashada saamaynta paroxysmal).
12. Antiparkinsonian.
13. Energy.
14. Somatotropinostimuliruyuschee (koritaanka sii daayo hormone dhacdaa).
15. Hypoglycemic (yaraynta fiirsashada of glucose ee plasma dhiig).
16. Lipolytic (wisaaya glucose ogol yahay tamarta ee foomka of acids dufanka leh).
17. Antitoxic (faafiso waxyaabaha qashinka iyo takhalusi kala duwan waxyaabo waxyeello).
18. Dhiska.
19. Immunostimulant.

Waa wax ku ool ah daroogo nootropic ka hortagga stroke?

Waa maxay nooca daroogada, waxaan fahmeen. Laakiin tani waxay kicisaa su'aasha cusub oo ku saabsan sida ay u wax ku ool ah ee daaweynta iyo ka hortaga stroke yihiin. Waa in la ogaadaa in gudniinka la warsan. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in isticmaalka nootropics ka dhanka ah aan caadi ahayn sida aan la xaqiijiyay daawo cadaymo ku salaysan.

codsiga clinical

Ka hor inta aan sharaxo waxa lacagtaas waxaa loo isticmaalaa in daawada rasmiga ah, waxaa la ogaadaa in daawooyinka nootropic aan dhakhaatiirta daawada aan siiyey farmasiyada. Tan waxaa loo sharxay by xaqiiqada ah in ay ka tirsan yihiin kooxda dawooyinka la mid ah sida ay ugu adag kiciya.

Asal ahaan soo bandhigay by dawooyinka loo isticmaalo in lagu daaweeyo cudurada shaqada maskaxda ee dadka waayeelka ah la organic maskaxda syndrome. Inkasta oo in dhowrkii sano ee la soo dhaafay (sida caadiga ah dalalka dunida saddexaad) waxay noqdeen kuwo ku ballaaran loo isticmaalo beeraha kala duwan ee daawada, oo ay ku jiraan qaliin, Caruurta, maskaxda, neurolojiga, qabatinka, iyo sidoo kale dhaqanka ee uurreyda iyo umulaha iyo waayeelka.

Sayidka, nootropics waxaa loo isticmaalaa by dhakhaatiirta at:

• kaafi cerebrovascular chronic;
• sarkhaan,
• neurosis iyo ka waalan cudurada;
• Dementia asal ahaan kala duwan (neefo, vascular iyo cudurka Alzheimers);
• psihorganicheskom syndrome,
• dhaawac maskaxda;
• dystonia daaqsinka-vascular,
• xanuunada wareegga cerebral,
• caqliga-maskaxeed xanuunada (daciif ah , xusuuta, iyo fikirka);
• Khamriga chronic (syndrome psychoorganic, encephalopathy, bixitaanka);
• niyad, asthenic-niyad iyo asthenic syndrome,
• habdhiska dhimirka;
• si loo horumariyo shaqada maskaxda.

Tilmaamayaasha ee carruurta

In dalalka soo koraya, lacag la siiyo si gaar ah caadiga ah ee Caruurta. Sidaas darteed, carruurta nootropic daawooyinka laguu qoray, waayo,

• dhimaal maskaxeed;
• dib u hadalka iyo horumarka maskaxda;
• cerebral palsy;
• saamaynta lesions dhalida ka yimaada habdhiska dhimirka;
• Ootiisam.

tilmaamo kale si loogu isticmaalo

Best daroogada neuroprotective - tani waa daroogada in uu saameyn ku fahmayaan daweynta iyo waxa aanu saameyn xun ku yeelan ma on jidhka bini'aadamka. Waa in la ogaadaa in daawooyinka noocan ah waxaa mararka qaarkood loo isticmaalo in:

• iibiyo ( "Pantogam", "Phenibutum");
• saxo syndrome neuroleptic ( "acid hopantenic", "Pyritinol", "atseglumat deanol", "Pantogam");
• hyperkinesis ( "hopantenic acid", "Phenibutum", "memantine");
• gubta ( "Pantogam", "nicotinoyl-Gebacna");
• hurdo xumo ( "Phenibut", "Calcium gamma-hydroxybutyrate," "Glycine");
• xanuunka dhanjafka ( "Pyritinol", "nicotinoyl-Gebacna", "Semaks");
• dawakh ( "Ginkgo biloba", "Phenibutum", "Pyracetam");
• ka hortagga ah ee bukaanka mooshin ( "Gebacna", "Phenibut").

By habka, ku dhaqanka indhaha, lacagaha sida loo isticmaalo sida qeyb ka mid ah therapy isku dhafan gulukooma-xagal furan, cudurada vascular ah ileyska iyo (macula "nicotinoyl-Gebacna"), iyo sidoo kale da'da la xiriira xumaanshaha macular iyo retinopathy diabetic ( "Ginkgo biloba").

nootropics dabiiciga ah

Waxa intaa dheer in daawooyinka, waayo saamaynta ay ku daweyn waxaa inta badan walax dabiici ah oo leh shaqaale guryaha la mid ah. Dabcan, nootropics dabiici ah ma aha sida wax ku ool ah sida wakiilada pharmacological, laakiin dhawr todobaad ee la isticmaalo ka dib, bukaan weli bilaabaan inay aragto horumar shaqada garashada, iyo wixii la mid ah.