Communis Pyrus: beerto, daryeelka, cayayaanka iyo ay gacanta ku hayaan

In beerta dhif ah ma laga heli karaa pear - raaxo geed midho qaba taajkii ah oo fidsan, caleenta madaxtooyada iyo miro delicious in waxaa loo arkaa nooc ka mid ah calaamad of barwaaqo iyo fayo-qabka. Ka horreeyay, ama halkii, iyo aasaaskii hooyada of cultivars badan oo qurxin dubaan noqday Pyrus communis, ama duurjoogta. Tani waxay xubin ka mid ah qoyska reer casaan, loo qaybiyey ee dabiiciga ah meelaha badan ee Yurubta Bari galbeed ee qaaradda Asia, warshad aad u cajiib ah. Iyada oo sifooyinka iyo rabitaankayga ay soo bandhigi doonaan qoraalkan.

macluumaadka taariikhiga ah

Baaqbaaq pear bilaabay Gariigta ah ee qadiimiga ah. Waxaa ka Empire ee Byzantine, geedo midho leh, kuwaas oo joogi jiray dalka Ruushka. Ugu horayn waxa ay la qiimeeyey suufiyadoodii waxay bilaabeen inay u tarmin beero keniisad ah. In guryaha boqornimada ee reer koowaad ee guri ammaan Romanov ee Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ayaa koray 16 noocyo of geedo pear, iyo marka reformer weyn Peter Great ee Russia tiradooda ayaa aad u kordhay, sida sannad kasta, dalalka reer galbeedka Yurub ayaa bixisey ah noocyada cusub ee dalagga miro. Maanta, in ka badan 5,000 oo kala duwan oo ah baaraha, qaab iyo size of geedo, dhadhanka, midabka iyo waqtiga midhaha ku fulan, koray dal oo kala duwan kala duwan.

description

Pyrus communis - geed miro a (geed mararka weyn), ee raaxada ee sii kordhaya ilaa 20 m dheer. Dhexroor ee jirridda of dhaqanka ee tijaabooyinka, oo waaweyn mararka qaarkood gaaro 40-50 cm pear Young qoreysa is haysta, wax taaj oo pyramidal ah, geedaha jir-badan -. Round, shirokotsilindricheskoy ama faafo. dhaqanka Samobesplodna, t. E. Waayo formation miro waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay leeyihiin laba nooc cross-pollinated. In zone ee qoraxda, tusaale ahaan, noocyo caan Sibiryachka ku xeeran goobaha, maayso, oo waxaa ku xidhnaa.

Wax soo saar ku nool communis Pyrus ka 30 ilaa 200 sano. Siyaabo badan, cimri dherer ah ee geedka waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa shuruudaha sifooyinka koritaanka iyo varietal.

geed Gaar ahaan qurux badan in muddo ubax ah, markii ubax cad ama wax yar casaan la ururiyey in inflorescences corymbose, daboolay laamaha dhirta si qaro weyn oo iyaga waayo, ma la arki karo oo kali ah Ka Badbaaday caleemaha yar yar loo baabiiyo. Sida caadiga ah ubax dhacdaa ka hor inta caleenta full ubaxu dabayaaqadii April ama May. Ubax la ugxan hoose lixdii bilood la stamens badan.

Baxdey baaraha, wareega ama ofaalka leh tip a dhuuban iyo laayeen serrated - dhalaalaya, oo cufan oo siman. Gaysashada baxo pubescent dadku, baaluq - qaawan, cagaaran nasoo kor ku xusan iyo iftiinka hoos matte. caleemo dayrta of pear, helitaanka huruud ah-orange in midabka, mid aad u madaxtooyada iyo waqti dheer ku dhacaan Jannooyin qurxin hurda.

miro

Dalagyada ripens in August iyo September. Miraha -, qaabka achene classic pear-qaabeeya gadood ama ku wareegsan. The dhagaxa saxarka mid noqoshada kulmaan baaraha jireenka nasoo. Midabaynta of miraha kala duwan ka soo cagaaran iyo huruud ah in ay casaan-cas. Dhadhan waa ka duwan yahay, waxay inta badan kala duwanaayeen astringency la taaban karo. midho Most udgoon siinayaa beeralayda pear jaalaha ah - tiro zheltoplodnyh kala duwan. Kaymo qaybaha kala duwan ee dhirta soo saaro Halabuurka kiimikada kala duwan iyo muuqaalka midhaha, laakiin ay yihiin waxtar leh iyo hodan ku ah xubno ka raad muhiim ah, xeryahooda kala duwan kaas oo abuuri dhadhan gaar ah iyo unmistakable, dabeecad nooc gaar ah.

Pyrus midho communis bilaabmaa da'da 5-8 sano. Dhalidda halkii geed gaadho 30 ilaa 500 kg. dhalidda ugu badan waxay dhacdaa xilliyo in 1-2 sano.

guryaha, daawooyinka oo miro

Waa wax soo saarka cuntada oo aad u fiican, baaraha leeyihiin tiro ka mid ah tayada aad u qiimo badan. Isticmaalkoodu ee cusub ayaa nidaaminaya iyo kan caadiga ah geeddi socodka dheefshiidka, noocyo pear leeyihiin antifebrific badan, xanuunka, durayo iyo saamaynta dayada. Tani waa aalkolada dabiiciga weyn. miro daray ah, iyo sidoo kale dubay, dhakhaatiirti dhaqanka ku talinaynaa in laga nafiso calaamadaha cudurrada sambabada - ka boronkiitada iyo oofwareenka calaamadaha qaaxada. Sidoo kale isticmaali baaraha miro cayriin - wax cayriin ugu qiimaha cunto, cadarka iyo warshadaha distillery.

Beerto dhirta: xulashada goobta

Koraaya dhaqanka ee beeraha, kaymaha kaymo geedo keli ah ama jasiiradaha yaryar. Tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore, dhirta waxaa lagu beeray jardiinooyin guriga, in windbreaks, oo ay la socdaan waddooyinka tareennada iyo jidadka waaweyn.

Caadiga ah, ama duurjoogta ah pear - geed photophilous. Sidaa darteed, si loo hubiyo iyada raaxada iyo horumarka ugu badan ee fruiting doorato meel qoraxdu u furan leh carradu bacrin ah oo iftiin-waadna heensatay. Wixii dhirta ciidda madow ku haboon, la gudboon kaynta cirro meelaha aan taagan dhulka. In pear duurjoogta ah ee inta badan degtaa buuraha dushooda ama dalcadaha yaacday ilaa, ku kala duwan yihiin dheecaan wanaagsan.

Wild pear moistureloving, abaarta iyo dhaxan u adkaysta, laakiin heerkulka ba'an oo dhaawici karaa dhaxan guga qayb ka mid ah ku hari ubax. Si looga hor, meel beerto geed waa in laga ilaaliyo dabaysha waqooyiga.

daryeelka

Ku'saabsan baahida sii kordhaysa ee daryeelka caadiga ah, kaas oo noqon doona aasaas u ah glaze dhexdhexaad sameynta manjooyin, jaridda dhirta iyo dabciyeen ciidda a dogob geed iftiinka, iyo bacarimiso waqtiga, kobcinaya horumarka habboonaanta of geedo midho leh. iyo ilaalinta u baahan tahay ka ah dhibaatooyinkiisu way kala duwan.

cayayaanka pear

Sidee badan oo geedo waaweyn oo midho, noocyo kala duwan oo pear ah cayayaanka. Mite, weevil ubaxu tufaax, caleen iyo miro midges, Baalallay, sawflies, kuwa lamid ah jilif iyo malabiso - taasi waa liis aan dhamaystirnayn oo cayayaanka in si weyn u wiiqi kara caafimaadka geedka. cayayaanka ku'saabsan, sida koronkorro u faro badan, dhicin Aporia Crataegi, oo ay maraan jidkii samaynta in ubbooyinku waxay, iska cunaan caleemaha iyo ubaxa. By dhicin bartamihii xagaaga-jiifay ukunta ay dhinacyadiisa sare ee caleemaha, diir ah ay awoodaan in ay soo goosanaysa waxay iyaga u muuqday, taasoo ka dhigeysa xididka oo keliya. By dayrta ee Aporia Crataegi diyaarin qaboobaha, duubaya in caleemo.

Khatarta iyo balanbaalis-aboor. diir ay iska cunaan guuro ee caleemaha, taasi oo markii dambe wada qallajin soo baxay. Waxay daaqi on saxarka ee midhaha. Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo cayayaanka cqaadir in ay yihiin aan la arki karin in ay isha, laakiin ma halis yar :. sax ku'saabsan, caarada gallic, iwm awoodda ay si badanayaan, iyo maqnaanshaha talaabooyin lagu baajinayo wiiqi kara warshadda iyo yareyn wax-soosaarkooda. In si kale loo dhigo, dagaalka oo iyaga ka gees Waa in la fuliyo si joogto ah sida qori galmo aan si fudud u lumi karo.

Heerarka KONTOROOLKA CAYAYAANKA

hab wax ku ool ah ee la dagaalanka tahayna aad u fiirso pear guga xereen cayayaanka xal geedo waaweyn oo midho. processing "Oleokupritom" First ama "Nitrafenom" waa la fuliyay ka hor xilligii nasashada iyo buro iyo bilaabaan dheecaan kala diridda dejinta inay uruuray talinayaa in annotation.

Ka hor inta ubax, processing lacagaha sida mar kale sida "horjeeda", "Zolon", "Malathion", "Neksion" ama "metaphos".

Intii lagu guda jiray xagaaga, mashiin ka saar caleemo qaloocin cayayaanka la arki karo si joogto ah gacan bir ah ciidda ee dogob geedka, ka hortagga caws. Ka dib markii miro-caleemaha Opal nadiif ah, haddii loo baahdo, loola dhaqmo si xal geed of cayayaanka kasta ama isku dar ah Bordeaux.

Talaabooyinkani waxay kaa caawin doontaa in aad ka fogaato faafidda cayayaanka iyo dhirta si ay u abuuraan shuruudaha wanaagsan ugu ah horumarinta.