Carbon dioxide

Carbon monoxide, Britain, kaas oo ka kooban hal eb ah iyo labada atamka C, O (i.e. heerka uu qayilo ee carbon oo u dhiganta 4) waxaa loo yaqaan carbon dioxide ah (magacyo kale, carbon dioxide, anhydride ah carbonic acid, carbon dioxide). walax waxaa inta badan ku qoran CO2 formula kelli. mass gaws waa 44,01 g / mol. In muuqaalka xaaladaha caadiga ah ee carbon dioxide waa gaas Biyuhu. At uruureen hooseeyo waxa uu leeyahay ur lahayn, uu noqdo af badan, ur dhanaan at uruuray sare.

saddex dalalka wadar ahaan suurto gal ah kuwaas oo lagu gartaa qiimaha kala duwan ee cufnaanta ee kiimikada:

• adag (ice qalalan); 1 ATM. iyo heerkul ah -78,5 ° C - 1562 kg / m³;
• dareeraha ah (carbon dioxide); cadaadiska ka mid ah 56 ATM. iyo heerkul ah +20 ° C - 770 kg / m³;
• gaseous; 1 ATM. iyo heerkul ah 0 ° C - 1,977 kg / m³.

carbon dioxide heerkulka barafku ahaa -78 ° C, heerkulka kipeniya- of -57 ° C. walax waxaa kala diri ee biyaha, at 25 ° C iyo cadaadis ka mid ah 100 KPA milmi loo siman yahay 1.45 g / l.

Carbon dioxide waa xarunta kiimikada dabiiciga ah gudahood Britain ee atamka ogsijiin si atamka carbon lala by bond covalent ah. Britain ee carbon dioxide waa toosan iyo centrosymmetric. Labada xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya carbon ah iyo labada atamka oxygen waa u dhiganta (dhab ahaantii, waa binary). Britain waa qaraabo symmetrical in ay xarunta, sidaa darteed waxa uu leeyahay maya xilligan Dipole korontada.

Carbon dioxide waa mid ka mid ah kiimiko ah oo iskiis u horeysay, taasoo ku joojiyeen in allabaryo la tilmaamay hawada. In qarnigii toddoba, farmashiyaha Vlaamse Jan Baabtiisaha van Helmont arkay in markii uu dhuxusha weel xidhan gubay, mass of ash keentay waa wax badan ka yar a caadiga dhuxusha. The sifooyinka carbon dioxide ayaa la bartay ka badan si fiican in 1750 by dhakhtarka Scottish Joseph Black.

Carbon cadaadiska caadiga ah iyo heerkulka dioxide waa in dhulka jawi qadarkuu of saabsan 0.04% by mugga. Under wareegga carbon yaqaan photosynthesis, carbon dioxide nuugo by dhirta, algae, cyanobacteria. Sidaas darteed, biyaha waxaa la aasaasay iyo carbohydrates, laakiin habka tani ku dhacdo kaliya sarkhaansan iftiinka. Carbon dioxide waxaa sidoo kale soo saaray inta lagu guda jiro soo sari ee dhuxusha ama Consort, ee dareeraha ah halsano ah iyo hawada inta lagu jiro aadanaha oo katimaada iyo xayawaanka. Intaa waxaa dheer, kusso ka marno, ilaha biyaha oo kulul, geysers.

The Earth ee jawiga of carbon dioxide door aad u weyn (nuuga iyo shanqarta shucaaca ee kala duwan ee kaamerada infrared). Sidoo kale, xarunta kiimikada tani waa mid ka mid ah ilaha ugu muhiimsan ee hoos pH ah ee badda, kala diridda biyo, u yeela ah carbonic acid daciif ah: CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3, aan awoodi karin gebi ahaanba beri galay udhigo.

Carbon dioxide ma taageeri sari iyo Neefta. toosh iftiin in ay jawi ka demo. Xayawaanka iyo dadka CO2 sare neefta-fiirsashada. At 3% fiirsashada ee neefsashada hawada noqonayaa inta badan soo noqnoqda ee 10% ah miyir beelid dhacdaa, iyo dhimasho degdeg ah, iyo 20% content keenaa qallal degdeg ah.

Carbon dioxide waa anhydride ee carbonic acid, sidaas darteed waxaa lagu gartaa sifooyinka xabagta ka acidic. In shaybaarka waxaa la diyaariyey by ficil aan nuurad la aashito, in qalab Kipp: CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O. In warshadaha, waxaa la soo saaray by kala daatay kaamerada of nuuradda ama aan nuurad lahayn (magnesite yar ama dolomite): CaCO3 → Cao + CO2. Diyaarinta carbon dioxide geedi socodka waa byproduct ah nijaasta heerkulka hooseeyo ee hawada galay nitrogen iyo oksijiin. In waqtigeena, waxaan soo saaray a matoorrada gaar ah in ay soo saaraan carbon dioxide ka hawada. matoorrada noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa si ay ugu deeqdo CO2 in lagu koriyo ah si ay u abuuraan jawi wanaagsan, waayo dhirta.

Carbon dioxide waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa in dhirta kiimikada. Waxa loo isticmaalaa si loo soo saaro soda, waayo, ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee acids organic, waayo, soo saaridda ee cabitaannada fudud. baraf qallalan waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida refrigerant ah, tusaale ahaan, in qaadashada khamriga. jawi Carbon dioxide la abuuray si looga hortago oo qurmay oo cunto ah, canab isla ka dib ururinta iyo ka hor inta aan wax soo saarka oo khamri ah.

Production of carbon dioxide ama la galeen carbon dioxide waxaa lagu fuliyaa for buuxinta ee dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha la carbon dioxide, kaas oo waxaa loo isticmaalaa inay ku damiyaan dabka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyagu ma ay noqon kartaa DAMI aadanaha, sababtoo ah qayb weyn oo ka mid ah diyaaradaha ee CO2 dareere ka baxa, iyo heerkulka maratay hoos (taasoo keeni karta qadhqadhyo) iyo CO2 waxaa beddelay baraf qallalan. Carbonation caadi ahaan ku damiyaan hoorarka guban kara iyo fiilooyinka. farsamo waa in la joojiyo helitaanka ee gelitaanka ogsijiin atmosfeerta in dab girgire ku.