Bond macdan

In formation of kiimikada lagala kulmo cufnaanta electron, taas oo markii hore iska lahaa atamka kala duwan, waxay loo qaybiyaa bannaan ee. In ka yar si xoog leh lalana la electrons heer-core dibadda. Si ay kaalin weyn ka formation of bonds kiimikada. The electrons in ay lug ku leeyihiin habka this waxaa la yiraahdaa valence. Laakiin iyadu way u lahaa bond kiimikada - valence. Marka p- iyo s-ka kooban yihiin electrons dibadda valence ee d-canaasiirta - dhaafay (external) ceshadka ku BTLLE iyo d-electrons. Waxaa jira atamka ka badan ama ka yar xasiloon. Arintaan waxaa ka mid ah kuwa dahaarka sare taas oo ka kooban tirada ugu badan ee electrons (laba iyo siddeed). heerka waxaa loo arkaa dhamaystiran. heerarka dhammeeyey waxaa lagu gartaa xoog sare. Waxay waxaa lagu gartaa atamka ka mid ah gaasaska oo sharaf leh, oo xidhiidh la leh oo ku hoos jira xaalad caadi ah oo xaaladooda waa gaas monatomic inert.

Waayo, xubno kale oo qaaradda caan heerarka diiqid. In koorsada of reaction kiimikada ah waxay dhacdaa heer dhamaystirka of qiimaha dibadda. Kuwani waxay gaadhay ama saamaynta, ama waxaa dheer ee electrons. heerarka Dhameystirka la wadaagi karo oo la xirrira lammaane. Hababkaasi waxay gacan ka formation of labada nooc oo waaweyn oo isgaarsiinta: Madbacada qaranka iyo covalent. In formation of Britain, taas oo, atamka ee ay isku dayayaan si ay u bartaan qolof ah oo deggan electron (Iska Fududeeyaan) ama vosmielektronnuyu ama laba-electron. hannaankii Tani waa sal u ah aragtida ah ee formation of bonds kiimikada. formation adigoo buuxinaya valence ee lakabka sare ee atamka kala waxaa la socda in la sii daayo of xaddi weyn ee tamarta. Aasaasidda lagala kulmo kiimikada, in si kale loo dhigo, mar walba soo baxa exothermically, ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in u taagoo muuqan (qayb cusub), kaas oo ay leeyihiin xasilloonida weyn ku hoos jira xaalad caadi ah.

Sida mid ka mid ah tilmaamayaasha ugu muhiimsan in loo ogaado nooca isgaadhsiinta, u dhaqmo electronegativity. Waa awooda la eb inay soo jiitaan electrons of atamka kale. Electronegativity isbedel dhacdaa si tartiib tartiib ah. Sidaas darteed, inta lagu guda jiro qiimaha nidaamka of this index korodhka ka bidix ilaa midig. Yaraynta uu qiimuhu isku mid dhacdaa kooxaha hoos. By covalent xeryahooda ka mid ah dhismaha by la xirrira ah ku qabanaya (wadar) lammaane electron.

waxaa jira a bonds kiimikada macdan ah ee dareeraha ah, adag in biraha. Sida laga soo xigtay booska nidaamka wareegsan, xubno ka ah in atamka su'aal leeyihiin qadar yar oo ah electrons valence ah (mid ka mid ah saddex). Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay ku xusay, iyo hooseeyo tamarta "askartii electron" (ionization). Sidaa darteed, bond macdan ah - waa xidhiidh daciif ah. electrons ee la eb waxaa kullanka lagu qabtay, waxaa iman doona off si sahal ah, halka haysta fursad ay ku soc baraf. bond macdan ah ayaa ku lug leh atamka helitaanka. Qayb ka mid ah electrons valence cilmiga la siiyey awoodda ee dhaqdhaqaaqa xorta ah gudahood ah daaqaddii crystal, foomka "gaaska electron". Iyada oo taageero ka bond macdan ah waxaa la aasaasay. Waxaa ay u sabab tahay "bulsheed" electrons valence of atamka. Waa in la ogaadaa in bond biraha waxay leedahay astaamo u gaar ah. Sidaas darteed, la xirrira electrons ay awoodaan in ay u guurto oo dhan element mugga. Marka tan la eego, biraha ka helaan tiro ka mid ah muuqaalada sifo. Gaar ahaan, waxaa ka mid ah luster, conductivity korontada wanaagsan, conductivity kaamerada, ductility, malleability, iyo kuwa kale. canaasiirta biraha ee isgaarsiinta bixisaa adkeysiga xad sare.