Biyaaniiste Nikolai Rubinstein: Biography, hal-abuurka iyo xiiso leh xaqiiqooyinka

Nikolai Rubinstein - a laxamiistaha Ruush caan ah iyo kaari. Waxaa la og yahay sida mid ka mid ah aasaasayaasha Conservatory Moscow ee (shaqeeyey agaasimaha ugu horeysay).

CV

Nikolai Rubinstein ku dhashay June 14, 1835 in Moscow galay qoyska ka mid ah soo saaraha ah. Horaantii, qoyska reer Nicholas ku noolaa dhulka tuulo yar oo Vyhvatintsy (Dnipro), laakiin 3 sano ka hor dhalashada wiil waalidkiis uu go'aansaday inuu u dhaqaaqo caasimada mustaqbalka ee Russia.

In muddo ah ka 1844 si ay u 1846 Nicholas leh walaalkiis ka weyn Anthony iyo hooyadiis ku noolaa Berlin.

At da'da 12 sano, Rubinstein iyo qoyskiisa mar kale ku soo laabtay Moscow, halkaas oo muusikiiste mustaqbalka iyo qaatay ku dhowaad inta kale ee uu noloshiisa.

Kuwaas oo ahaa Nikolay Grigorevich Rubinshteyn xirfad? At 20 jir, Ninkii dhallintayaraa ee ka qalin jabiyay Jaamacadda Moscow oo helay xirfadda sharciga ah.

Tan iyo nolosha oo dhan nin dhallinyaro ah ayaa lagu buuxeen music, ka dibna ay barbar socdaan tababarka in ay qareen, ayuu u tegey oo ku saabsan safar, iyo in 1858 (3 sano ka dib markii la helo xirfadda), wuxuu go'aansaday in uu iska sooco, si hawlaha riwaayad.

In 1859, Nicholas ayaa dadaal kasta in la furo laan gaar ah oo ka mid ah Imperial Ruush Musical Society ee Moscow.

Akhristaha ka khadadka ugu horeysay ee maqaalka waxaa lagu sheegay in la aasaasay Grigorevich Nikolay ku Rubinshteyn. In 1866, uu nin qaaday in ka badan sida agaasimaha Conservatory Moscow ee. post A uu qabtay ilaa dhimashadiisii.

Abaal for biyaaniiste ahaa ee 1872, oo ahaa wakhti uu ciyaaray riwaayad si fiican u yaqaan in Vienna iyo abaabulay riwaayad at Music Fair aduunka ee Paris.

Dhimashada this muusikiiste fiican diiwaangeliyey 1881 gayiga caasimada Faransiiska, laakiin ninka waxaa lagu aasay Moscow, in qubuuraha badan Novodevichy.

Xiriirka walaalkiis

Rubinsteins (Anton iyo Nikolai) ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa saaxiibo fiican, sababtoo ah labada ma qiyaasi kartaa noloshayda aan music.

Marka Nicholas ahaa 9 sano jir, isaga iyo walaalkiis Anton dhaqaaqay Germany, in Berlin, halkaas oo wiilasha bartay music. Oo wakhtigaas waxaa kormeer ku dhowaad dhammaan magaalooyinka Yurub.

Nicholas had iyo jeer qaaday tusaale ka walaalkiis ka weyn, xataa wuxuu abuuray conservatory Moscow waxay ahayd isku day ah in ay ku soo celiyaan guusha walaalkiis. Ka dib markii Anton furay Conservatory ee St. Petersburg 14 sano ka hor.

waxqabad muusik

Uu mustaqbalkiisa muusikada Nikolai Rubinstein, xaqiiqooyinka xiiso waxaad ku baran kartaa this article, wuxuu bilaabay inuu sida ugu horreysa ee 4 sano jir gacanta hooyadiis adag ee, sida horeba waa 7 sano jir ah iyo walaalkiis ayaa lagu casuumay dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee riwaayada labadaba Russia iyo dalalka Yurub.

Inta lagu guda jiro joogista ee wiil Berlin uu bartay oo dadka oo caan ah sida Theodore Kullak (bartay aasaaska ciyaaro biyaano iyo biyaano) iyo Zigfrid Den (waxbarashada aasaaska akhriska of music ah). In Moscow uu u dhaqaaqay inuu sii bartay macalinka music caanka Ruush Basil Villuana.

At da'da 23 sano jir ah ninka dhallinyarada ah waxaa mar hore si buuxda u qeexaya ujeedada nolosha iyo bidix baaxadda sharci ah hawl riwaayad joogto ah.

In 1859, ayaa loo magacaabay Nicholas kaari ee orchestras Symphony in waaxda ka mid ah Imperial Ruush Musical Society.

In 1866 waxaa loo doortay bare ee piano ee Conservatory Moscow ee.

In ka badan Meyeydaan, Rubinstein qaatay oo ku saabsan 250 riwaayada sida kaari ah. Riwaayada lagu qabtay Moscow iyo magaalooyin kale Ruush.

Oo 1870, Nicholas lahaa 33 fanaanka ah oo dhan soo baxa ayaa ugu deeqay in lagu maalgeliyo Ururka Laanqayrta Cas.

Abroad, ninka ma jecel yihiin in ay qabtaan xaflado, dalalka keliya ee ka reeban oo uu sameeyey waxay ahaayeen Austria iyo France. Laakiin xataa ciyaaro riwaayada dibadda, inuu weli ka fadilay music Ruushka, waxa u bixiyey propagandist ah sintaan Haweejkiinna dhexdooda.

Nikolai ka doorteen si ay u fuliyaan xubnihii loo yaqaan of music. Intii uu noolaa, ayuu qoray ruwaayado iyo heeso wax yar uun u ciyaaro biyaano ah.

The muusikiiste xiriirka aan caadi ahayn

Biyaaniiste Nikolai Rubinstein ayaa had iyo jeer lahaa tayo gaar ah, inuu ku fiican yahay in qof kasta, iyadoo aan loo eegin da'da, jinsiga, iyo aragti ku saabsan nolosha. Taasi waa sababta sida muusikiiste dhalinyaro ah oo lagu casuumay in ay ku biiraan "shaqaalaha dhallinyarada tifaftirka" daabacdaa magazine ah Pogodin "Moskvityanin". Oo markaas ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo xubin ka ah wareegga farshaxanka, kuwaas oo xubno ka ahaayeen shakhsiyaad ugu fiican hal abuur leh oo waqti ku noqday.

Waxaa la sheegay in ee 1859, markii Botkin, Tolstoy iyo Obolensky horumariyo Mashruuca Chamber Music Society ee Moscow, waxa uu ahaa Rubinstein arkay in uu cutubka. Nasiib darro ama nasiib wanaag, nolosha ayaa sameeyay sidan oo kale in Nicholas qudhiisa u huray in Conservatory Moscow ah.

Horumarinta Conservatory Moscow ku hoos jihada of Rubinstein

Marka, ee 1866, Nikolai Rubinstein, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa ka buuxa xaqiiqooyin xiiso leh, ka qayb qaatay furitaanka Moscow Conservatory ee Music iyo ayaa loo magacaabay in agaasimaha, ma lahan hal (xataa lama walaalkiis) mana ayan rumayn in horay nin u yar warshadaha music si ay tacsida ah.

Laakiin dhawr sano ka dib, si ay xirfado upravlenskim iyo ururada nin conservatory gaar ah mahad noqday hay'adda ugu fiican muusikada ma aha oo kaliya in Moscow, laakiin sidoo kale in ku dhowaad dhammaan of Russia.

Waxay ahayd Nikolai Rubinstein qeyb ka xaqiiqda ah in xisbiga Konserfatifka ayaa la siiyey xaq u leeyihiin inay wax ku baraan siday u kala manhaj u gaar ah - horumariyo neposredstenno macalimiinta ee hay'adda ay. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira oo kaliya waa mid ka mid ah oo ku saabsan soohdinta reer Russia Department of qadiimiga music kaniisadda loo abuuray.

Kooxda ayaa ka mid ah macalimiinta Conservatory ahaayeen composers fiican iyo muusikalayda waqtiga.

maxkamad

Inkastoo ragga guulaha weyn musically, oo dhan ma wakiillo ka socda maamulka of time in la ixtiraamo Rubinstein ah. Wixii qalad yar Nicholas isla markiiba waxay xusuusteen in la iska leh ummadda Yuhuudda iyo darajo hooseeya.

Gaar ahaan oo dhalaalaysa dabeecad this muujiyey in muddada u dhaxaysa 1869 in 1870 inta lagu jiro maxkamadda. maxkamad ay sabab u ahayd xaqiiqada ah in Rubinstein eryay ka ardayga xafiiska uu ku xadgudba oo dhan xeerarka hadda jira, qaar ka mid ah PK Schebalskuyu. Ugu jaleecada hore, xaaladda Fudud ahaa mawduuca ah u dhaaranay, ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in ardayga ahayd gabadhii guud ah, iyo muusikiiste ahaa kaliya xoghayaha gobolka.

Go'aanka maxkamadda ayaa la sameeyey ma ay guushu ku Nicolas. Maxkamaddu waxay xukuntay in Rubinstein sida hoose ku darajo Qabanay cay gabadhii guud iyo waxa ay hadda waajib ku ah inay bixiso ganaax ay qadarka 25 rubles. Haddii Nicholas haysan lahaa lacagta, wuxuu heli lahaayeen si ay u qaataan 7 maalmood oo xabsi ah.

Sida laga soo xigtay wargeyska laama waqtiga, ku dhowaad dhammaan Muscovites ka wada hadalnay arrintan, oo kaliya in ay fara gelin ku sameeyeen Senate mahad baabiiyo xukunka.

Kulanka labaad isagoo wata xujo

No si degdeg ah lahaa Nikolai Rubinstein in ay u guuraan meel ka fog la soo dhaafay ee ceeb, sida ku tilmaamay galay kaligiitalinimo.

In 1879 Golaha Professors of Conservatory Moscow ee, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la mamnuuco macallinka Shostakovskii hay'adda in ay meel fagaare ah ku hadlo, si aan si aan isu ceebayn ama conservatory.

Shostakovskii laakiin isku mid ma ahayn la meel this, iyo ku dhawaaqday in despot Rubinstein iyo masayrin, maxaa yeelay, iyagu ma doonayaan waa loo siman yahay, waxa uu ku biyaaniiste xoog noqday caan ah. erayada Shostakovskiy dem bay ahaayeen oo uu sidoo kale ahaa ina guud, iyo qoyskiisa hoos bacdi walaalkiis Alexander II ahaa.

Mar kale, waxa ay u wada tageen in wareega labaad. Waxaa bilowday boqolaal muusikiiste wargeysyada iyo indhaha. Mar kale, Senate lahaa in ay soo fara.

Nikolay Rubinstein iyo Tchaikovsky

Waxaa ka mid ah macallimiinta Conservatory Moscow, kuwaas oo ka mid ah saaxiibada Rubinstein ahaayeen, ka qeyb galay laxamiistaha ugu caansan Ruush Pyotr Tchaikovsky.

Oo markii Butros Ilyich bartay oo ku saabsan caddibaadda Rubinstein sabab u kaligiitalinimo eedeeyay iyo xaasidnimo kaliya, isagu ma u dul qaadan karin oo caytamaya, sidaas darteed waxaan warqad u naqdiya Ruush tahay Vladimiru Vasilevichu Stasovu, kaas oo ku dhowaad ka xoog badan oo dhan caayay Rubinstein qoray.

Warqadda ayaa waxaa ka mid ah khadadka soo socda: "Xaggee i hor laga furay nuurka, wanaagsan iyo mudnaanta ugu weyn, waxaad arki gudcur kaliya, waxyeello iyo xataa dembiyada qaar ka mid ah. Laakiin waxaan doonayaa inaan idiin sheego in dhammaan eedeymaha aad si toos ah ugu Rubinstein, aan sal lahayn. Waxaan ku qaatay 12 sano ka yar oo uu hoggaanka, waxa kaliya oo cajiib ah niyad ay maqlayaan eedeymaha qudhmay qof dhalaalaya Waxaan ahay. eedaymaha noocan oo kale ah oo kaliya keeni kartaa in ay xaqiiqada ah in Nicholas Caruurtooda tuuray. Marka fikirka ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah xirfadiisa ciyaareed, wax keliya ayuu kor u dhaqaaqi doono, laakiin ma doonayo inaan dhinto kiiska si u tari jirtay isaga by. "

kartidooda baridda

Arday badan Rubinstein ku dooday in uu ahaa kaliya macalin cajiib ah, gaar ahaan, waxaa la muujiyey in qodobada soo socda:

1. Rubinstein rumeysan yahay in ardayda u baahan tahay si ay u fahmaan oo dhan meelaha of music, ma aha oo kaliya in ay diiradda saaraan wax ka mid ah.
2. Nicholas dalbaday in ardayda ku muujiyey shaqsi, halkii unquestioning dayashada shakhsiyaad kale oo caan ah.
3. Waxa uu ahaa dalbanayaan. Haddii uu ardaygu uunan diyaar u ahayn shaqo, way xamuulka si socodka macluumaadka iyo hawlaha waqtiga soo socda sida korka ah mid lama ogola.
4. Waxa uu carrabka ku adkeeyay ee xamaasad. Haddii arday uu sameeyo wax u eg, de markaas waa inuu ku guulaysan doono.

ardayda Erayada Rubinstein

Inkastoo darnaanta biyaaniiste ah, ardayda oo dhan waxaa lagu farxay by waxbariddiisa. Tani waa caddayn in qaar ka mid ah ayaa hadalkoodii u:

1. E. Sauer: "Waxa uu lahaa, kartina u gaar ah oo lagu ogaan karaa xoogga ee arday kasta. Waxa uu sheegay in: qof kasta - isaga u gaar ah. tayo kasta oo gaar ah u baahan tahay hab u gaar ah, iyo haddii ay tahay in la hubiyo in tayada leh midabyo aqrisanin doonaa. "
2. A. Ziloti: "In fasalka Nikolai Rubinstein noo muujiyeen xirfad sida in qasab doonaya in ay gaaraan ugu yaraan qadar yar oo ah awoodaha uu. Xaaladdan oo kale, mid kasta oo ka mid ah uu ardayga, uu ciyaaray siyaabo kala duwan, si ay saamayn ku xadhig gaarka ah ee nafta. "

aaska Rubinstein

Inkastoo habdhaqanka maqlana in biyaaniiste lagu jiro oo uu nafta aaska runtii lagu sharfay.

In calaamad oo baroor diiq ah oo dhan laambadihii wadada Moscow shiday. At adeeg xusuus dadka keenaan tiro badan oo ubaxyo Laurel u dhow sanduuqa maydka la duubnaadaan sugay midabyo.

Si Nikolai Rubinstein, Biography gaaban kaas oo lagu soo bandhigay in aad fiiro maqaalka, ayaa had iyo jeer ku hadhay xusuusta iyo dadkii qalbigiisii, Tchaikovsky qoray sharaf uu Trio a-moll «In xasuusta of artist weyn."

Ninkan waa istaahilaa ixtiraam, iyo weli runtii waa weli wadnaha ee lover music kasta.