Battle of Leipzig (1813)

Battle of Leipzig - mid ka mid ah dagaalo waaweyn inta lagu guda jiro Wars Napoleonic ah. Waxaa meesha ka qaaday in Saxony 4 - 7 October 1813 tartamaya dagaalka ku ahaayeen ciidamada ciidanka Napoleon iyo isbahaysiga lixaad anti-Faransiis.

dagaal DULUCDA

Ololaha Ruush ah Napoleon ee 1812, ku dhamaatay dhamaystiran failure. Tani waxay keentay in abuurka ah ee ka soo horjeeda gooyo isbahaysiga lixaad anti-Faransiis. Waxay ka kooban yahay Russia, England, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Sweden.

The dagaalkii ugu horeeyay oo dhacay intii u dhaxaysay xafiiltamaan ee Bautzen, guusha kuwaas oo u yimid ciidanka Faransiiska. Ciidamada lixaad isbahaysiga anti-Faransiis ku guulaysteen in ay guul Napoleon ee Grosberenom, Katzbach, iyo Dennewitz Kulm. In 1813, Xulafada weerar ku dhaw iyo Saxony iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan qaatay dagaalkii caanka ah ee Leipzig.

Xaaladda ka hor dagaalka

Si aad u fahamto sababaha dib u gurasho Napoleon iyo adkaado isaga iyo ciidankiisii, waa in ay tixgeliyaan xaaladda ay dagaal ah Leipzig. 1813 wuxuu noqday culus oo ku filan in Saxony. In xilliga dayrta ee in territory 3 horumarinta ciidammadii huwanta: North (hoos amarka Sweden Crown Prince Jean Bernadotte), Bohemia (Austria Field Marshal K. Shvartserber) g iyo Silesian ah (Prussian General G. Blucher). Sidoo kale dagaalka yimid, oo reer Poland ah Army (Gen. L. Benningsen) waa ku meel gaar ah lagu qabtay reserve.

Napoleon u lahaa asal ahaan ku haminayay in uu dhufan barkinta ciidamada, laakiin deegaanka si degdeg ah la beddelo, la'aanta ah ee waqti iyo dadaal ku qasbay inuu ka tanaasulaan ujeedooyinka uu. Emperor ciidanka Faransiiska ayaa kaalinta degmada of Leipzig.

The Halabuurka iyo xoog of xafiiltamaan

Qof aqoon taariikhda dagaalka this, su'aasha ka dhalan kara: "Maxaad u sameeyey dagaalka Leipzig yeedhay dagaalka ee quruumaha?". Xaqiiqada ah in kooxda Napoleon ee colaadda ku lug Faransiiska, oo polish ah, Holland, Talyaaniga, ka Belgiumka iyo Saxons ah. Isla mar ahaantaana oo qayb ka ah ciidamada huwanta ahaayeen Austrians, iswiidhishka, dadyowga Empire Ruush ah, Prussians ah, Bavarians.

ciidanka Faransiiska ka koobnaa 200,000 oo rag iyo 700 qoryaha hantiyeen. Bohemian la dirireen ku saabsan 133 kun oo askari, kuwaas oo lahaa 578 rasaas ah. ciidanka Silezkaya koobnaa 60,000 oo nin, iyo Waqooyi - 58 000, oo ku yaalla 315 qori iyo 256, siday u kala horreeyaan. Ciidamada Polish ahaayeen 54 kun oo askar iyo 186 rasaas ah.

Dhacdooyinka October 4

Battle of Nations ee 1813 dhow Leipzig in bilaabay goobta halkaas oo ciidanka xarun u ahaan jiray Bohemia. Xitaa ka hor dagaalka waxaa loo kala qaybiyey saddex kooxood. Weerarka ugu weyn ee Faransiis geliyey qaybta hore ka yar amarka M. B. Barklaya de Tolly. Inta lagu guda jiro weerarka, subaxdii of October 4, kooxdan qabtay tiro ka mid ah magaalooyinka. Laakiin Austrians diiday MB Barclay de Tolly si ay u taageeraan oo ay lagu qasbay inay uga noqda.
Napoleon ee Saaka iyo awr hoos amarka Murat bilowday horumar degdeg ah a ah ee aagga la. Wachau. Iyada oo ciidankii madax Cossack IE Reer Efrayim, oo qayb ka ah ciidanka ahaa Alexander I, ciidanka Faransiiska ayaa dib u billowday ugu.
Kale Napoleon caabiyay weerarka cadaawayaashooda ah ee degaanka iyo Viderits Möckern. Galab, dagaalka joojiyay in jiho kasta. jagooyinka cadowga dhamaadka dagaalka aanu run ahaantii ma beddelmin. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalo ay xafiiltamaan ayaa laga badiyay 30 kun. Qof kasta.

Natiijooyinka maalinta ugu horeysa

Maalintii ugu horraysay ee dagaalka Leipzig ayaa ku dhamaaday barbaro. Labada kooxood ayaa helay guushii qayb ahaan (ciidan at Lidenau iyo Wachau, Allied Napoleon ee - hoos Mekerne), kaas oo ma saamaynayaan xaaladda guud. Laakiin booska uu ka isbahaysiga anti-Faransiis ahaa fiican ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in ay si gargaarka ah Bennigsen iyo Bernadotte yimid. Napoleon tirin karaa oo kaliya xero yar ee Rhine ah.

Dhacdooyinka on October 5,

On maanta tallaabada military lahaa ayaan weli la hayo. Kaliya ee waqooyiga ciidanka Blucher ayaa qabtay tuulooyinka iyo Oytritssh Golis oo ku dhowaaday inuu Leipzig. Night Napoleon urursaday ciidanka si ay u keenaan magaalada. Sidaas darteed, ciidanka Faransiis saaray arc daafaca dhow Leipzig. Taa baddalkeeda, xulafadooda ciidanka Napoleon ee ku hareereysan goobo nuskeed ah Silesian - waqooyiga, Waqooyiga iyo Polish - bari Bohemia - koonfureed.

Dhacdooyinka October 6

Battle of Leipzig ayaa waxaa sii subaxdii on 6 October. On maanta, ciidanka Faransiis qaatay booska daafaca, iyo khasaaraha ka mid ah qodobada muhiimka ah ee guul counter-attack. Dawladdu waxay nafsi ah oo ciidamada Napoleon ee afuufeen wareeg ah oo lama filaan ah iyo awr Saxon ee Division iyo Wurttemberg dhinaca huwanta ah. Ay khiyaanay keentay in depopulation ee booska dhexe, laakiin gooyo ahaa awoodaan in ay si deg deg ah loo tuuro reserve iyo xasilintii xaaladda. weerar ciidamada isbahaysiga anti-Faransiis, sidoo kale, ma aha mid aad loogu guulaystay. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u ah waqtiyo kala duwan iyo weerar khilaafsan at kicida cabbirrada reserve ah.
The dagaalo ugu weyn ee maanta lagu qabtay hoos Probstgeyde, Tsukelgauzenom, Goltsgauzenom, Dozenom, Paunsdorf iyo Losnigom. By dhamaadka maalinta Faransiis ah u suurtagashay in ay qabtaan jagada ku dhowaad xanjaadka oo dhan, marka laga reebo xarunta. Laakiin waxay ku badiyay dhowaad dhammaan of xirmo dagaal iyo Napoleon ogaaday in xaaladda tani keeni lahaa in burburinta complete ciidanka.

Dhacdooyinka October 7

On subaxdii of 7 October, ciidanka Napoleon ee bilaabay u Dumayn. Xulafada ma ujeedadoodu tahay inay jebiyaan ciidanka Faransiiska on habab si Elster ah, ay ciidamada ay u soo diray inuu digniin Leipzig. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, saddex madax ah ayaa lagu abuuray, kaas oo si deg deg ah u guuray magaalada. Dadka deegaanka ayaa codsaday in aan dagaal bilaabaan, laakiin isbahaysiga anti-Faransiis dalbaday is dhiibin total of Napoleon. At qadada sokeeye ku weerareen darbiyada magaalada.
Amarka Faransiiska ayaa si ula kac ah qarxiyaan buundada badan Elster ah, si ay u dhinto ay ciidanka by huwanta ah iyo u ogalaan inay baxsadaan. Laakiin waxaa lagu beeray ka hor hawada waqtiga iyo qaybo ka mid ah magaalada ku hadhay ah. Waxay lahaa in ay ka baxsadaan by dabaasha. Askar badan ayaa lagu dilay xaq biyaha. oo iyaga ku dhex jiray Marshal J. Poniatowski. Later galabtii isbahaysiga ciidanka anti-Faransiis ah u suurtagashay in ay Leipzig.

cawaaqib dagaalka

khasaaraha guud ee Napoleon ee lacag dhan ilaa 60 kun. Askarta, oo ku saabsan tiro la mid ah askarta laga badiyay isbahaysiga anti-Faransiis. Ciidamada Imperial u suurtagashay in ay ka fogaato guul darro guud ahaan inta badan ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in falalka sokeeye ee aan si fiican loo agaasimayo iyo taliyayaashii Yurub inta badan ma gaadhi karo isku raacsan yahay.

Ma cawaaqib siyaasadeed muhiim ah taas oo horseeday dagaal ee Leipzig. Sanadka 1813 ka leexatay in ay noqon arrin adag, waayo, Napoleon. Ka dib markii guuldarro ee Battle of Leipzig waxaa xigay burburkii Confederation of Rhine ah. Ka dib markii xoraynta tallaabada military Jarmal faafay dhulka ee France. Bishii Maarso, xulafadooda ay ka qabsadeen Paris iyo dalka waxaa jiray dib u soo celinta a boqortooyada.

xusuustiisu oo ka mid ah Battle of Leipzig

Battle of Leipzig (dagaalka ee quruumaha), mid ka mid ah ugu weyn ee taariikhda dagaalladii Napoleonic. Waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Battle of Saddex boqorada ah"
In xasuusta dagaalka this ee Germany ee 1814 lagu qaaday liibaanta wayn.
In 1913, halkaas tiir xusuus ah grand "Monument u Battle of Nations ee" waxaa la furay sanadkii Leipzig.

Aan ka fogayn waxaa sidoo kale lagu dhisay macbudka St. Aleksievsky, halkaas oo maanta lagu aasay askarta dhimatay. Waa in la ogaadaa in ee GDR ah ayaa la qorsheeyay in la burburiyo taallo, sida uu tixgeliyaa ammaanida ah waddaniyadda Jarmal. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, muddo kaddib waxay bilaabeen inay in loo arkaa calaamad u ah saaxiibtinimo la Russia iyo mas'uuliyiinta go'aansaday in la badbaadiyo mashearulxaraam.
Sidoo kale, qadaadiic ah dagaal-guurada 100aad ee xusuus (3 marks) ayaa la sii daayay.
Maanta, Leipzig waxa uu ku yaalaa ah matxafyada yar ka go'an in ay taariikhda dagaal weyn.