Archaisms, historicism, neologisms: Qeexidda, tusaale u ah isticmaalka luuqada Ruushka

Afka Ruushka ayaa erayada firfircoon oo dadban. marka hore waxay ka kooban erayada, mid kasta oo inaga mid ah wuxuu isticmaalaa ku dhawaad maalin kasta, kooxda labaad waxaa dhif ah loo isticmaalo in hadalka ereyga. Tan waxaa ka mid archaisms, historicism, neologisms. Ay baaritaan qaadataa meel ee "Ereyo iyo lexicology."

erayada Active iyo dadban

erayo ka mid ah luuqadda Ruush in malaayiinta erayada. Shaqaalaha kala qaybin erayada oo dhan ee afka Ruush laba kooxood - erayada firfircoon oo dadban.

Waayo, erayada dadban ka mid ah erayada aan la yaqaan qof ama la garan karo iyaga, laakiin dhif ah loo isticmaalo. Halkan waxaa ku qoran archaisms go'doon, historicism, neologisms.

Waayo, erayada firfircoon waa erayadii in aynu u isticmaalno marar badan. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid gaashaanbuur iyo magac, erayadii ay taas waxaan ula jeednaa adduunka inagu xeeran. Tani waa magaca alaabta guriga, dhar, cunto, erayada si uu u sharaxo xidhiidhada, shaqooyinka, horyaal, iyo dareenka kale oo badan.

qof kasta erayada firfircoon oo dadban waa shaqsi iyo waxay ku xiran tahay da'da, meesha aad deggan, hawl xirfadeed. Inta lagu jiro oo dhan of our nolosha la beddelo ay mugga jihada midkood, ku xiran tahay dhowr arrimood.

erayada dadban

Waayo, erayada dadban waa erayadii dhacsan oo cusub.

Ka mid ah erayada huriye kala saaro laba kooxood oo waaweyn: archaisms iyo historicism. On iyaga la hadli doonaa in meesha ugu horeysa, ka fiirso qeexidda hawlaha in oofin archaisms iyo historicism, tusaale u ah erayada caanka ah.

erayada cusub oo ka samaysan qayb yar oo ka mid ah goolasha ay dadban ee luqadda iyo waxaa loo yaqaan neologisms. Next, waxaan baari doonaa qeexidda iyo sababaha hadalka.

archaisms

Si aad u bilowdo guuriso erayada huriye - archaisms iyo historicism. Archaisms - erayada dhacsan, hadda ku noqan. Tani waa magaca hore ama magacyada waxyaabaha casriga ah. Inta u yimid inuu bedelo archaisms kale loo dhigo in loo gudbiyo fikradaha isku mid ah iyo walxaha aan ereyga dhacsan. Waxay kasta u dhiganta casriga ah, in si kale loo dhigo, micne erayga.

Iyada oo ku xidhan habka waxbarashada, waxaa jira archaisms:

1. Waxaa weeya, kaas oo la badalay erayada in ay leeyihiin oo xididdada kala duwan. Erayadanu waa adag tahay in la fahmo oo aan og tarjumaadda ama qiimaha asalka ah. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid erayada sida afka - bushimihiisa, farta - farta, turjumaan - turjumaan.
2. Waxaa weeya-erayga formation. Xaaladdan oo kale, ee shinka iyo version casriga ah xidid la mid ah, laakiin ku kala duwan yihiin morphemes eray-formation. Tusaale ahaan, yiqiin ah - yiqiin ah, kalluumaysato - kalluumaysato.
3. Waxaa weeya oo guun ah - duwan ka version casriga ah ee design guun ah. Tusaale ahaan, Abwaan - a gabayaa, gistoriya - taariikhda, cipher - tirada.
4. Waxaa weeya-semantic. Tan waxaa ka mid archaisms in weli ka shaqaynasa afka, halka isagoo macnaha a kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, ceeb erayga hore loogu tala galay ayaa lanooga maanta - ceeb ama ceeb.

Dhamaadka qoraalkan waxaan raadin doonaa doorka archaisms afka Ruushka, gaar ahaan suugaanta. Archaisms diiwaan geliyay qaamuusyo calaamadsan "huriye".

historicism

Historicism yeedhay erayada loo isticmaalo in ay tilmaamayso erayada iyo walxaha ka hor jiraye, laakiin ka nolosheena la waayay. Historicism, tusaalooyinka aan kuwaas oo inta badan la kulmaan in suugaanta - bilays ah, stationmaster ah, pud, iyo in ka badan. fikradaha Kuwan waxaa shaqeynaya maanta ee buugaagta taariikhda iyo taariikhda, buugaag jir ah iyo wargeysyada.

By historicism waa erayadii taas micnaheedu hab guud ee nolosha, magaca hay'adaha, saraakiisha iyo jagooyinka, oo safafka military, alaabta iyo hubka, unugyada jirka, lacagta, iyo maacuunta. Tusaale ahaan: tavern ah, jaakad, meyska, dhuftay Ghanna ah, oo ladoonayay, duqa, askari ka.

Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado historicism aan micne ah. Waxaa aad muhiim u ah in la xusuusto, sida ay tahay mid ka mid ah calaamadaha muujinaya of historicism.

Word-historicism waxaa sidoo kale ka dhigay in qaamuusyo ah oo aad ku calaamadsan "huriye", ka yar "IST". Sidoo kale laga heli karaa qaamuusyo kala duwan historicism, halkaas oo aad ka arki kartaa oo keliya ma aha macnaha erayga, laakiin sidoo kale si ay u bartaan image ee shayga dhigan fikradda.

Historicism iyo archaisms: farqiga u eego

Marar badan iyo ardayda, iyo si fudud oo qof oo aan la xiriira philology, su'aasha soo baxdo: waxa archaisms ka historicism kala duwan? Farqiga ugu muhiimsan ee ay tahay in aad u qadiim ah - naqshada huriye shay ama fikradda ah in weli la joogo nolosheena. Historicism loola jeedaa fikradaha iyo walxaha dheer huriye.

Sida hore u soo sheegnay, mid kale feature soocayaa - archaisms jira micne ah, historicism - no. Iyada oo ku saleysan labadan muuqaalada kala, aad si fudud u fahmi karaa taas oo category a erayga dhacsan gaar ah.

neologisms

Neologisms - erayada in muuqan sabab u ah horumar cusub ama fikradaha. Mararka qaarkood eray waa neologism ah, ka dib waxa uu noqonayaa obscheupotreblyaemym oo gala erayada firfircoon ee luqada.

Neologisms karaa labada kac laga horumarinta technology, iyo helitaanka oo ka mid ah qorayaasha qalinka. Sayidka, qoraaga ereyada ah "qaadan kursi dib" waxay ahayd F. M. Dostoevsky, iyo erayga "warshadaha" la soo saarin in erayada of N. M. Karamzin. Iyadoo uu sal u this xuquuqda daabacaada sii daayo iyo neologisms luqadda caadi ah.

In muddo kala duwan ee neologisms waa erayadii sida baabuur, gantaal, laptop ah, mail iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Marka isticmaalka neologisms gaadho meesha ugu sarreysa iyo macnahooda oo uu noqdo cad in ay qof kasta, erayada kuwa si toos ah ugu tegi doonaa iyadoo obscheupotreblyaemyh category ah.

Haddii historicism iyo archaisms waxa laga diiwaangeliyey qaamuuska la calaamad gaar ah, neologisms geli qaamuusyo kaliya ka dib markii qeyb ka mid ah saamiyada firfircoon ee nidaamka luqada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sanadihii la soo dhaafay uu bilaabay in uu soo saari qaamuusyo gaarka ah ee neologisms.

sababaha

Waxaan waxaa loo tixgeliyaa archaisms, historicism, neologisms. Haddaba dhawr eray ku saabsan sababaha ay dhacdo.

Sababaha kala guurka ah erayadan oo ka firfircoon si erayada dadban weli ma ay garan faahfaahsan. Oo haddii historicism waa ka badan ama ka yar la fahmi karo, tan iyo markii dib markii lumis ee fikirka ah eraygiisa naqshadeysan galaa margin a dadban, ka archaisms waxaa inta badan ka adag yahay.

Inta badan badanaa loo yaqaan sababaha soo socda ee archaisms: izmenija, arrimaha dhaqanka bulsho ee kala duwan, sababo luqado kala duwan - saamaynta afafka kale, isgaarsiinta stylistic, dib u habaynta af.

Sababaha ugu weyn ee bixitaanka neologisms ka mid ah:

- izmenemeniya kala duwan ee nolosha bulshada;

- horumarka farsamada, in uu yahay, muuqaalka kore ee alaabta cusub, fikrado iyo ifafaale.

Maanta, neologisms ugu xiran horumarka sayniska kombiyuutarka iyo injineernimada computer.

qiimaha stylistic

A ereyo kooban oo ku saabsan doorka stylistic erayada in erayo dadban ee luqada Ruushka. The nooc data inta badan la isticmaalo erayada suugaanta.

Sidaas darteed, isticmaalka archaisms ka caawisaa in ay si sax ah cilinta qoraaga ku tilmaamay xilli lagu gartaa dabeecad iyadoo la kaashanayo uu hadalka. Sida xaqiiqada ah aad dareentay in hadalka ee characters qaar ka taliso oo erayo ah, tusaale ahaan ka badan oo casri ah, hadal kale oo ka - kale, huriye ama lahjad. Sayidka, qoraaga barbaro sawirka nafsaani-bulsho iyo dabeecada.

iyaga Isticmaal hadal ku ladhan in la siiyo dheeraad ah shir quduus, wax soo saarka midabaynta Quraanku falna sanyahay. archaisms korhin waxaa loo isticmaalaa in la abuuro saamayn majaajilayste ama garneel, siinta maroojin ah.

Waxbarashada dugsiga

Qayb ka mid ah archaisms, historicism, neologisms yihiin bartay dugsiga ee casharada luqadda iyo suugaanta Ruush. Sida caadiga ah, fasalka yaqaano erayga ku dhacaa fasalada shanaad iyo tobnaad daraasadda Radel "Lexicology". Ardaydu waxay bartaan in la kala saaro erayada oo uu helo iyagoo ee qoraallada ee noocyada kala duwan. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxbarashada Classics ah, na wajjahay erayada ku cusub noo, kuwaas oo muddo dheer ka mid ah isticmaalka, si ay u bartaan macnaha, asal ahaan.

Waxbarashada Jaamacadda

A-dhigida faahfaahsan oo dheeraad ah si ay erayo firfircoon oo dadban afka Ruush bilaabataa jaamacadaha ee waxbarasho ee qaybta "Lexicology". Inta badan tani waa in uu sannad labaad ee Kuliyada Philology. Ardayda waxaa la baraa wixii archaisms kala duwan ka historicism, sida iyo meesha ay ka heli karaan macnaha erayadan, sida loo kala saaro sida ay asal ahaan, si loo go'aamiyo shaqo ee qoraallada qaarkood.

Ardayda ka dhigi kartaa ereyadooda u gaarka, bartaan si aad u hesho ereyada ah dadban ee qoraalka iyo bedelo waxa ay, si ay u falanqeeyaan asalka ah ee neologisms, sababaha lumis ah erayadan oo ku jira waxyaabaha warbaahinta firfircoon luqadda suugaanta Ruush.

natiijooyinka

In erayo dadban afka Ruushka ka kooban oo ka mid ah kooxaha soo socda ee calaamadihii: archaisms - magacyada dhacsan erayada iyo fikradaha, historicism - erayada loo isticmaalo in lagu qeexo fikradaha cusub - magacyada waxyaabaha iyo ifafaale, ka alaabta our, neologisms tegey.

erayada huriye waxaa loo isticmaalaa in suugaanta marka qoraal qoraallada taariikhiga ah si ay u cilinta jawiga of markii ugu tilmaamay in wax soo saarka.