Anthracite (dhuxusha adag): sifooyinka iyo wax soo saarka boos

Anthracite waa nooc ka mid ah dhuxusha lafo tayo sare leh. Waxaa lagu gartaa heerka sare ee metamorphism (degree of macdanta adag iyo isbedelka dhismaha).

Sida noocyada kale ee macdanta, anthracite - dhuxusha sameeyay kun oo sano ka badan ka dhirta ku yiil oo aan ogsijiin hoos lakab ciid ah. Muddo waqti muhiim ah, waxay ahayd ku xiran habka of coalification iyo humification. Tani waxa ay ahayd formation of walax yiri. Carbon ay magaca ka erayadii carbon caalamka helay - carbon. Waxaa xaqiiqo ah oo lagu kalsoonaan karo. dhuxusha Anthracite waa aragtida tayo. Waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan mid birqaya.

Tilmaamo caan ku anthracite

Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa jira fursado dhowr ah. Magac ahaan, joogitaanka:

• cokan madow ama madow iyo cawl,
• gloss sare;
• awood calorific sare;
• conductivity korontada la taaban karo;
• engegnaantiinna sare iyo cufnaanta.

Features of formation of lafo

Tani waxay qaadataa galay account dhowr geeddi socodka. Anthracite waxaa la aasaasay si gaar ah. First sameeyay Peat, ka dibna dhuxusha brown nooca. Dheeraad ah, ka yar qaarkood siin saamaynta lafo walax kale. Magac ahaan, ee dhuxusha iyo anthracite. Xaalada danbe, link kala guurka ah si ay graphite.

Been anthracite (dhuxusha) at qoto dheer ah oo ku saabsan 6 km. Meelaha ilaha xogta inta badan waa is-image, lagu gartaa nooc ka mid ah gelinba of qolof ah. Asal ahaan waxa Spurs.

The kayd weyn ee berkedda weysada dhuxusha anthracite ku yaal dhulka ee gobolka Donetsk.

Dhuxul Anthracite: Feature Product

Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa jira dad badan oo Gudigga gaar ah. Anthracite (anthrakitis Greek.) - waa dhuxusha lafo humus ah. Waxa uu shahaadada sare ee metamorphism. Marka viewed microscope ka yar muujinaysaa in warshadda ayaa weli si dhib leh ku kala duwan yihiin. Anthracite - dhuxusha isagoo midab madow, inta badan la-galyadeena grayish. Mararka qaarkood laga helay midabka iyo midabka mottled. Waxaa waxay siinaysaa qooraansaneynaa sida line a black on saxan galaas ah. Sidoo kale anthracite (dhuxusha) waxa lagu gartaa a luster macdan ah oo xoog leh. Waxay leedahay nafwaayay sare, ma dubay, ayaa a conductivity korontada wanaagsan. The engegnaantiinna Mohs miisaanka ugu sareeya - 2.0-2.5, ka cufnaanta mass organic - 1500-1700 kg / m3. kulaylka sari - 33,9-34,8 MJ / kg (8100-8350 Kcal / kg). Waxay leedahay ah qoyaan yar yahay gorfaynta - 1-3% oo ka kooban miisaanka goryucheobraznoy ilaa 9% ka mid ah nooc ka mid kacsan walxaha, 93,5-97,0% carbon, 3.1% hydrogen, oxygen iyo nitrogen 1.5-2.0%. Waxaa xaqiiqo ah la hubo. lafo Tani, taas oo ka kooban carbon in mass shidaalka ka weyn yahay 97% waxaa lagu magacaabaa superantratsitom ah. By dhalidda mugga sheyga walxaha kacsan u qaybsan yahay laba magac warshadaha. Magac ahaan, iyadoo ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen 220-330 l / kg - poluantratsity u, iyo joogitaanka wax soo saarka volumetric ka yar 220 l / kg - anthracite.

Faa'iidooyinka lafo yiri

Alaabta Tani waa aragtida tayo-sare ee dhuxusha bixiyay. Waxaa si weyn u kala duwan ka soo noocyada kale, sida uu leeyahay xuduudaha soo socda:

• content sare ee carbon go'an. Xaaladdan oo kale, waa 94-99%.
• The content baaruud hooseeyo.
• High kulaylka gaarka ah ee soo sari.
• The content qoyaan yar yahay.
• Burns oo aan qiiqa iyo holaca.
• Si dhakhso ah ku gubi soo baxay.
• cufnaanta sare ee mass organic. Xaaladdan oo kale, 1500-1700 kiiloogaraam halkii mitir.
• Saamiga dhuxusha anthracite - 1.5-1.7.
• The conductivity korontada sare.

Intaa waxaa dheer dhuxusha anthracite kuwaas oo sawir la siiyo, taasina, inta lagu guda jiro soo sari aan sintered. Its darantahay ingeega, heerka qiyaasta Mohs - 2.0-2.5. Faa'iidada weyn oo kale oo ay tahay in hawada inta lagu guda jiro soo sari ee anthracite la qoondeeyey oo keliya 5% volatiles.

In noocan ah oo tayo leh calorific lafo ka xoogbadan, si dhuxul kale oo kasta, kuwaas oo 8,200 cunneed kiilo. By la barbardhigo, in kuleylka gaaska qiimaha - 7000 Kcal / kg.

Waa kuwee noocyada dhashay qalfoofka hadhaa siiyey qaybsanyihiin

Anthracite Dhuxul waa wax soo saarka sare. Tani ayaa ka wada hadlay hore. Tani iyo dhowr sifooyin kale oo door ah go'aaminta ay field of isticmaalka. Sida laga soo xigtay fasalada size sida klassifitsirutsya anthracite dhuxusha lafo (GOST 19242-73). Kala waa la fuliyay by jajab size of sheyga. kuwaas oo:

• "AKO" - anthracite lowska feedh. Xaaladdan oo kale, jajabka qabtay isagoo size a of 26-100 mm.
• "AK" - tantoomo dhuxusha anthracite waaweyn. Tan waxaa ka mid size jajab of 50-100 mm ka.
• "Ao" - dhuxusha fasalka, walnut anthracite. jajab Size of 26-50 mm.
• "AHAY" waa anthracite ganaax. Xaaladdan oo kale, xisaabta jajabka - 13-25 mm.
• "AS" - dhuxusha fasalka, abuur anthracite. Waxaa ka mid ah jajabka isagoo size a of 6-13 mm.
• "Ashlam" - slurry anthracite. Isagu waa wax soo saarka ah asalka ah ee dhuxusha lagu dhaqo.
• "AL" - anthracite Duff. Xaaladdan oo jajab ka yar yahay 6 mm.

saaridda anthracite Hirgelinta waxaa lagu qabtaa fallaadhihii soo jeedaan. Waxay leeyihiin qoto dheer oo ilaa 1500 m. Markaas dhuxusha ayaa waxaa la quudiyey ka miinooyinka si ay shirkadaha ee nidaaminta. Waxaa u qaadeen kobcinta iyo kala sooca by jajab. Taas ka dib, dhuxusha ee bacaha (anthracite) waxaa bixisey macaamiisha kala duwan.

Fulinta ee wax tani waa qaab xubin (AP), iyo in taajirka xoog. Ayaa sheegay in lafo ka hooseeya alaabooyinka "AM" iyo "AKO" guryaha waa isku mid. Inkastoo resistivity ee dhuxusha nooca yar ayaa ka sareeya.

Isticmaalka anthracite

Alaabta Tani waa arrin caan ah. Anthracite - waa nooca ugu cufan ee dhuxusha. Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa isagii ku mashquulin meel ugu horeysay ee fasalka wareejinta kulaylka iyo wakhtiga sari. Haddii aad iibsato anthracite (dhuxusha) kulaylinta, waxaad u baahan doontaa wax badan ka yar si loo kululeeyo isla aagga ka badan haddii aad isticmaasho wax soo saarka la mid ah noocyada kale ama qoryo. In kasta oo dhammaan faa'idoyinka lafo this, uu joogo iyo khasaaraha. Iyadoo mugga weyn, waa ay awoodaan in ay ka dhacaan ma aha in dhammaan noocyada kululeeyaha iyo Foornooyinka. Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado. Waayo, anthracite sari wanaagsan u baahan tahay saad wanaagsan ee hawada. Inta badan ee noocyada casriga ah ee kululeeyaha shidaalka adag waa khasab. Si cufnaanta yar ee noocyada dhuxusha ka mid ah: dhuxusha dheer-olol iyo caking.

Anthracite, in tayada ay calorific, dahirin analogues kale mahad. Halbeegga Tani waa 8200 Kcal / kg. Tusaale ahaan, gaaska dabiiciga ah nooca - 7000 Kcal / kg. Anthracite - dhuxusha, taas oo ugu adkaa oo dhan facooda ay. Waxaa volatiles inta lagu guda jiro soo sari la qoondeeyey oo keliya 5%. Anthracite waxaa loo isticmaalaa in dhinacyo kala duwan ee jimicsiga aadanaha. Magac ahaan, wax soo saarka ee nooca warshadaha (chemistry, metallurgy, warshadaha sonkorta, iwm) ee meelaha la wadaago (biyo kululeynta, kulaylinta iyo wixii la mid ah). Sidoo kale waxa loogu adeegsaday kulaylinta qoysaska gaarka loo leeyahay. More of this lafo soo saaro filtrants in loo isticmaalo nadiifinta bulaacadaha, biyo iyo wixii la mid ah.

Anthracite in industry koronto

In deegaanka this, isticmaalka alaabta sheegay in sidoo kale waa muhiim. Baadhitaanada ka anthracite, taas oo ka kooban ash sare ee 0-13 fasalka, waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa sidii shidaalka ee korontada. In industry this, lafo this waxaa loo isticmaalaa sababta oo ah content hoose kacsan. Awooda korontada loo isticmaalo sari ee qalab gaar ah anthracite.

Si sheyga isuku soo foornada sari ayaa sidoo kale u baahan tahay design gaar ah. Waxay u qaabeynta waa halkii ku waani. Waa in ay bixiyaan sari dhamaystiran oo lafo ayaa sheegay in waqtiga markii uu uu ku yaal aag sari gaar ah.

Dhuxul la jajab yaryar, iyo sidoo kale content hooseeyo ee baaruud, nitrogen iyo fosfooraska loo isticmaalo in dharyo sugan gaar ah waxaa loogu talagalay this. Isticmaalka kale oo uu sheegay in wax soo saarka ee nooca cement yar foornada size.

Anthracite in metallurgy

In deegaanka this, lafo this sidoo kale helay codsiga. Anthracite waxaa loo isticmaalaa in birta sintering metallurgy iyo nuuradda. geeddi socodka electrosteel Domain oo si fiican u hana u oggolaan in la xakameeyo tirada waxyaabo waxyeello saaray hawada. Sidaa darteed, isticmaalka sheegay default shidaalka sare u keenaysaa in geeddi qodniinka- bii'ada.

Intaa waxaa dheer, tani nooca lafo yar yar loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee steels-carbon sare si ay u sameeyaan carburization sare. In Foornooyinka qaraxa, isagoo nidaamka PCI ah (buunafuufid shidaalka isuku) sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa anthracite. Halkan waxaa ku qoran tilmaanta ugu muhiimsan ee qoyaan ee dhuxusha, taas oo loo bixiyey.

Xaaladdan oo kale, ayaa sheegay in shidaalka lagu duri karaa culm foornada qaraxa. technology la mid ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa si aad u wanaagsan dalalka of Western Europe iyo Asia - China, Japan, Korea. In Russia iyo Ukraine, habkan waxaa lagu helo in dadka.

In dhuxusha warshadaha qodniinka- sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa sida biraha yaraynta wakiilka.

Anthracite - sorbents

Waxaa weli waa mid ka mid ah isbeddellada ugu wanaagsan ee isticmaalka lafo this. Anthracite isticmaali kartaa daahiriyey ayuu biyaha la cabo iyo wasakhda. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxa uu u ciyaaraa doorka filter iyo si fudud u badali kartaa shaqeysiin dhuxusha. Tani waa arrin muhiim ah.

qalabka Alternative-carbon sare

suuqa Dhuxul dhaqan ahaan kala qaybiyey laba qaybaha. iyaga Hoos waxaa ku soo saarka xoog iyo coke loogu tala galay. qiimaha badeecada ku xiran qeybta iyo arrimo kale. Oo marar badan u kala duwan yihiin.

Anthracite waa wax soo saarka gaar ah, si guul joogo laba qaybaha. Ka sokow, waxa uu weli meedka meesha muhiim ah in suuqa gaar ah isticmaalka warshadaha. isbedbeddelka sicirka alaabta la mid ah qaybaha kala duwan kala duwanaan karaan, taas oo ah, marka la eego this, waxaa jira qaybin ah. Tusaale ahaan, haddii kharashka mid ka mid gabal of dhuxusha adag dhaco, ka dibna kale waxaa inta badan ku koraa.

Anthracite si guul la tartamaan graphite, dhuxusha, coke batroolka. Ilodanimada inayan ee qiimaha iyaga sababtoo ah tani waxay ku xirnaan doontaa kharashka tamarta korontada, alaabta birta ah, iyo wixii la mid ah. Waxaa muhiim ah in la xusuusto. Iskusoo wada duuboo, qiimaha anthracite saamayn doonto waxa xaaladda dhaqaalaha adduunka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay waa dhaqdhaqaaqa dareemi joogta ah koritaanka.

gunaanad

Sida laga soo xigtay natiijooyinkii ee kor ku xusan, waxa la odhan karaa in Dhuxul Anthracite ayaa ah aragtida ugu caansan dunida ee macdanta. Waxay leedahay heer sare ah shabaqa tayada wax soo saarka tamarta marka guud ahaan korontada iyo kulaylka at heerkulka sare ah habka wax soo saarka. Waxa uu codsatay in industry ee wax soo saarka ee kiimikada iyo xad waa qaali ahayn. Marka sayniska casriga ah iyo technology aan si buuxda waxaa lagu beddeli karaa in industry anthracite ah. Tani waa xaqiiqo dhab ah oo la taaban karo. Sidaa darteed, mustaqbalka dhow noqon doono in la sii wado soo saarista xoogan ee anthracite iyo dhuxusha bituminous.