Aasaasayaasha Odessa: taariikhda magaalada, taxadiri iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Duniduna waxay si dhib leh waa magaalo dhigma Odessa on dhadhanka Maamulka Kililka ee nolosheeda. Waxaa muuqato in jiidashada dabiiciga ah koonfurta, naqshadaha magaalada, intricately isku noocyo ka mid ah noocyo kala duwan oo Hababka. Laakiin waxa ugu muhiimsan, dabcan, dadkeeda - gabi ahaanba waa dad gaar ah u yeedhay Odessites, hadlaya oo keliya isaga qudhiisu caan afka "Odessa" in. Yaa magaaladan aasaasay xeebta buluug ah ee Badda Madow ee dunida?

Muddo intee le'eg bay ahayd!

Isagoo ka hadlayay ujeedada, aasaasayaasha dhabta ah ee Odessa - ma aha de DUC Richelieu iyo G. caan Prince A. Potomkin, kuwaas waxaa lagu tiriyaa la sharaftan. kuwii ugu horreeyey ee Odessa ahaa awowayaashayo caadi ah - deggan oo ku Paleolithic, kuwaas oo qadiimiga ah la dhigto weli ka heli on xeebta galbeed ee Gacanka Kuyalnik. iyagoo raacaya ee BC ugu horeysay ama kunkan sanadood ee gacanka xeebaha Odessa lagu arkay nasasiiyay ka heleen qabiilka reer Cimmerians. Waxay yihiin laba iyo badh kun oo sano ka hor Scythians way beddeleen, oo sidoo kale sida Qorraxda iyo hirarka haraynayo ee Badda Madow ah.

Laakiin sharciyada taariikhda waa kalgacaylka. Iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan wuxuushta ka mid ah ayaa laga saaray by Gariigta ah, in la ogaado by markii ugu soo jiidashada ee ilbaxnimada sare oo dhan. meelaha in Luzanovka hadda iyo factor Port de Ganacsiga (ama, in ay si fudud u dhigay, degsiimooyinka ganacsiga) Abuuritaanka, wiilashii Hellas uu halkaas joogay ilaa ay AD qarnigii II. Waxay sidoo kale ka tagay beerta balaadhan oo ah waxqabad ee cilmi akeoloji casriga ah. Laakiin waxay la waayay ka meelahan aan geli taariikhda aasaasayaasha Odessa. sharaftan ay heleen.

Qarniyadii dhexe iyo jilayaal ay

In qarniyadii dhexe aagga oo idil badan ku xiga si bay Odessa ah, si joogta ah noqdeen wax la dhaco ee ugu guulaysannaa shisheeye. Halkan, qabiilooyinka Slavic qadiimiga Ulichi suurtagashay in muddo ah iyo Tivertsy, xaaqan oo iyaga u taliya guutooyinkiisii ilkeed, wuxuu soo taagay iyaga gacanta ugaadhsiga Great Duchy of Lithuania. Ilaa ugu dambayntii, in qarnigii XVIII ka, ma mudo ah xeerka urub.

Sare Order of Mother Empress

Xaggee maanta dhaadeen Acacia badda Boulevard, mar istaagay qalcaddayda a Turkish Yeni Dunya, kuwaas oo lahaa oo musiiba ah si ay u soo jiitaan dareenka of I. guud V. Gudovicha, taas oo daba socday ee 1789 at madaxa ciidamada Ruush in Bender. Its askartii sare hoos amarka Tirada Yuusuf de Ribas Jose qabtay Shuushan oo markii waagii beryay ayaa on September 13, ka hortagga aaminka ah si ay u dhamaystiraan salaaddii subax, isagoo galay qalcaddayda ah in tirada koobab dagaal Ruush-Turkish ee 1787-1791.

Laba sano ka dib markii la saxiixay Treaty of Jassy, taas oo ku riday joojiyo colaada. Sida laga soo xigtay dukumintiga, hoos usha Ruush tegey dhul badan, loo yaqaan New Russia. In ay ka qayb galbeedka, on xeebta Badda Madow, Catherine Empress II soo saaray amar on May 27, 1794 lagu amray in ay bilaabaan dhismaha magaalada, iyo qalcaddayda iyo dekedda. Sayidka, stroke qalinka boqornimada helay xaq u leeyahay nolol magaaladan gaar ah.

Magaca la siiyey dhashay

Aasaasayaasha shaqada of Odessa uu si sax ah saddex bilood ka bilaabay. raso ugu horeeyay ee kexeeyey oo dhulka ku hormarey adeega oo shir ku leh waxaa rushaynta biyo quduus ah. Doonaya in ay magaalada mustaqbalka siiyo aqoonsi dhab ah Yurub, Empress u wakiishay mashruuca dhismaha injineer Holland iyo naqshada Fransua De Vollanu ah, galay adeega Ruush ee 1787 ka yar bacdi ee safiirka Ruushka ee Hague.

Sidaas waxa dunida furay in marka ilmaha uu ku dhashay ma aha oo kaliya waxaa la siiyaa magacyada, laakiin magaalada oo dhan. Hal sano ka dib bilowga dhismaha dhashay dhagaxa noqonaysa tii ugu horreysay oo uu magaciisa dhabta ah waxaa loogu yeedhi - Odessa dhaca sida cilmi rumaysan, ka magaalada magaceedu wuxuu kale qadiimiga ah ee Giriiga ee Odessos, kuwaas oo ahaa mar wax yar bari, on xeebta ah ee la joogo Tylihul Estuary.

Deribas - aasaasihii Odessa

City, ku dhashay by amarka Empress, waxaa la dhisay iyada oo ay kormeerayaan si toos ah uga mid ka mid ah geesiyaal Zaman ee Catherine, ku-xigeenka Admiral Iosifa De Ribas, ee dagaalyahan aad u xoog badan in hal mar isla markiiba qaaday qalcadda Turkish Yeni Dunya. Sirkaalkii Spain u dhashay, ayaa had iyo jeer kexeeyey harraad horay u quudhin, uu ku noolaa dhalaalaya nolol iyo ka buuxa adventures ugu cajiibka ah in adeegi karo dhagarta ma aha tixaha biimayn la mid ah.

Sida aasaasihii Odessa iyo Duqa ugu horeysay, de Ribas magiciisa derdertay ee horyaalka ee wadada ugu weyn Deribasovskaya. Taasi waa xaq, hadalka ah, oo aan kala horgalaha Faransiis laandheere "de", u wac Odessa. Taalladaas ayaa sidoo kale u sharrifnay Binii ninkan dadka magaalada deggan ayaa la aasaasay oo kaliya 1994, lagu tiriyaa inay ku beeganto Ixtifaalka of bicentenary magaalada.

Duqa Second Odessa

Markii sanadkii 1803 de Ribas lagu wareejiyay St. Petersburg, in uu xafiiska Iibsado ku yaal iyo meelood nool xiga duqa, oo sidoo kale hoos u baxay sidii aasaasihii Odessa ee taariikhda. Waxa ay ahayd ma ka yar caan ka badan ururka ka horeeyey, de Duke ee Richelieu - aristocrat Faransiis, ka dib markii Revolution Faransiis ah si ay hawsha Ruush. Xabaashiisuna koraysa ee Jaranjarada Potemkin, ayaa noqday nooc ka mid ah astaamaha ee magaalada.

Duke ahaa mid aad u caqli badan iyo maamulka tayo leh. Inta lagu guda jiro boqornimadiisa (1803-1815 GG.) In magaalada sameeyay dhismaha ballaaran, waxaa jira jidadka badan oo cusub waxaa loo jebiyey Jannooyin, dhiseen Orthodox iyo kaniisadaha Catholic, sunagogga, xeryaha, suuqa, u furan dugsiyo badan oo ka abuuray kaydka ah biyo nadiif ah, Oo waagaas waxay ahayd mid aad u khusayso.

Midhaha ugu of the Board of dad hufan

Thanks to uu hoggaanka xigmadda leh, in Odessa, sida meel kale, jawi wanaagsan ee horumarka ah ee ganacsiga. In kasta oo awoodaha balaadhan oo la hadlay isaga on by Alexander I, aasaasaha labaad ee Odessa Duke (Duke) de Richelieu cadaato caqli ku filan in laga takhaluso of commerce degaanka haynta maamulka yar yar, taasoo ka dhigeysa baayacmushtarka ku socotay ah in ay doortaan hab ku haboon si ay u horumariyaan ganacsigooda. Sidan buu soo jiideen magaalada tiro badan oo ganacsato Ruush ah iyo kuwa shisheeye, oo sidaas, oo tiirarka madaxyadoodii.

Labadan nin, aasaasayaasha Odessa - xigeenka Admiral doisprezece De Ribas, iyo de DUC Richelieu - abuuray magaalo oo noqday keliya ma aha xarun dhaqaale iyo dhaqan ee New Russia, laakiin sidoo kale ah qalcad awood on Badda Madow, ma sheeko kasta oo ka tarjumaysaa weerarka cadowga.

Cabsi la'aan iyo deeqsi Langeron Tirada

In 1815, duqa magaalada Odessa qaaday meel kale ma istaahilo yar qofka - Tiri Alexander Fedorovich Langeron. Magaciisa, waxa uu ammaan on darbiyada Ismaaciil la daboolay, in weerarka oo ka qeyb qaatay garab V. A. ku Suvorovym. Sida saffarro tilmaamay, marka laga reebo geesinimada quus, tayadiisa weyn ayaa deeqsinimada, lagu qasbay in ay wadaagaan beesadda ugu dambaysa qof, kuwaas oo u toona weydiiyay lahaa.

Isagoo xaq u leedahay inaad magaalada for soddon sannadood shiidaa alaabta dejinta waajib-free (mode dekedda waajib-free), uu ku hodanaynta uu unspeakably, laakiin waxa uu ka tagay dhimashada dhaxla guri yar oo beer ku dhowaad dumay ka dib. In Odessa, inta lagu guda jiro sano ee Alexander Fedorovich muuqday Botanical Garden iyo dhowr beeraha, wuxuu bilaabay bandhiga wargeyska ugu horeysay ee magaalada, wayna taageen albaabbadeedii oo Richelieu Lyceum, kaas oo noqday kii labaad ee Russia ka dib markii caanka Tsarskoye Selo furay.

glitz City iyo raaxo

In mustaqbalka, Galaxy ammaanta badhasaab ku biiray Prince Mihail Sergeevich Vorontsov. Thanks isaga si, Odessa helay gloss laandheere. Haysashada gobolka wayn ee in ay xiriir la abtirsan sare ee Russia iyo England, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay soo jiitaan inay magaalada xubno badan ee bulshada sare iyo kuwa, oo aan lahayn magac weyn ku, habase yeeshee lahaa xaalad adag. aristocrat Polish Countess Bronitskaya - amiir Tani naagtiisa caawiyey. Sababtoo ah halka ay xidhiidh la Odessa ka Poland dhaqaaqay badan oo qoysaska hodanka ah.

Waxay qeyb ka tahay barwaaqada dheeraad ah oo ganacsi, ah ee tiyaatarada cusub iyo maqaayado. Barwaaqada ka ganacsiga hadhuudhka, iyo qaybaha kale ee magaalada si joogto ah la ballaariyey oo qalabaysan Raaxada casriga ah. Markuu gaaray balaadhinayo dekeda waajib-free toban sano oo kale, Prince Vorontsov sameeyey Odessa xarunta ugu weyn ee laga dukaamaysto ee koonfurta Russia.

xusuusta aan baabba'ayn ee aasaasay of Odessa

Sanadkii 2007, Catherine Square ee magaalada ahayd la dhisay ee 1900, ka taagay oo burburiyey kadib taallo ee Soviet in aasaasayaasha Odessa. Halabuurka The of sculptor ee M. P. Popova waa nambar ee Catherine II, kiciyey on haysa sare, iyo salka iyada afar asaxaabta taagan. iyaga ka mid ah - hore u soo sheegnay de Ribas, iyo sidoo kale xubno ka mid ah xilligii G. A. Potomkin, de Volan iyo PA Zubov. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah ka tagay ay ku ganaya on taariikhda magaalada.

Waxay ahayd dhacdo weyn oo hiddaha nololeed ee tuulada. Odessa shuqullada guud ahaan aad u hodan taariikhi sayidkooda ee qarniyadii la soo dhaafay iyo maalinta la joogo. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waxaa laga aqoonsan yahay masterpieces. Tani waa taallo in Duke de Richelieu, qurxinta Boulevard a badda Prince Vorontsov in Cathedral Square, Abwaan Polish Adam Mickiewicz bilowga ah ee Alexander Avenue iyo kuwo kale oo badan, waa ammaanta Odessa.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in taariikhda ayaa sii raagayaan magacyada kuwa, sababta oo ah xaaladda bulsho iyo rasmiga sare saameyn muhiim ah oo ku saabsan kobaca iyo horumarinta, aasaasaha dhabta ah ee magaalada Odessa ku wacdoomi oo kaliya - kuwa ka badan laba qarni ka hor, iyadoo gacmaha iyaga u gaar ah waxaa la abuuray on xeebaha qorrax ka soo dubay ee Badda Madow ah. Shaqadooda waxa uu ku dhashay mucjiso, by gabayaaga badan oo ammaanay, waxa uu noqday guriga si ay dad badan oo cajiib ah. Waa dadka - aasaha dhabta ah ee Odessa. Taariikhda magaalada - caddayn of this.