Yaa abuurtay telegaraafka ah? In waxa sannad tani ka dhacdey?

muuqaalka kore ee telegaraafka ayaa ahayd horumar weyn ee technology. Iyada oo ay suurto gal ahayd in ay u gudbiyaan calaamadaha kala duwan iyo fariimaha. Maxaa sano abuurtay telegaraafka ah? Yaa waa qoraaga? Baro waxa ku saabsan maqaalka.

madax

Man sida qabka bulshada, had iyo jeer u baahan tahay in la dhala gaar ah isgaadhsiin. Xitaa wakhtiyadii hore, laga bilaabo waqtiga la isu keeno dadka kooxo yar yar, waxaa loo baahan yahay nidaamka alarm ah. Waxay maray fariin, ka digay khatarta.

Sidaas daraaddeed, mid ka mid ah hababka ugu da'da weyn la isugu gudbiyo signal waa dhawaaqa. On habka ay cadaawayaashooda ka digay, dayataan dhawaaqa ee dabiiciga ah, sida shimbiro heesaha, gorayada qeyliyo. qiiqa Sound iyo isticmaalka geeska ama alaabtii muusikada. hab kale oo wax ku ool ah si ay u gudbiyaan signal a - waa dab. Isagu waa in aannu mar waxay noqon kartaa mid waxtar leh, waxaan laga badiyay kaynta dhega dalxiisayaasha.

Iyadoo horumarinta bulshada, waxa loo baahan yahay hab wax ku ool ah oo cusub oo seylaanyenta. Oo isna wuxuu u muuqday. Next, isku day in aad ogaatid qofka abuurtay telegaraafka ah. Fikradaha waxay ka dhigan tahay gudbinta telegaraafka macnaheedu waa via khadaka warisgaarsiinta ee signal ah. channels waxay noqon karaan hirarka raadiyaha ama fiilooyinka. Magaca ereyga soo sameeyey erayada luqada Giriigga - ". qoraal" gudodomiyaha iyo grapho, kaas oo tarjumayaa "fog" iyo Ereyada "telefoonka" iyo "Telakis" waxay leeyihiin asal ahaan la mid ah.

Yaa marka hore abuurtay telegaraafka ah?

telegaraafka kowaad wuxuu ahaa indhaha. Waxaa la aqoon waayo kii been abuurtay telegaraafka ah. articles lagu daabacay oo ku saabsan hab ay bilaabeen inay soo baxaan arrin hore. Laakiin mid ah kuwa soo hindiseen telegaraafka ah, dhab ahaan waa cilmiga Ingiriisi ah Hooke. uu sida ugu horreysa ee 1684 uu qalab soo bandhigay. At qalbiga farsamo yahay birta slider iyo wareegyada, kuwaas oo loo arki karaa ka masaafo weyn.

Sida loo isticmaalo telegaraafka indhaha Hélio. Waxaa markii ugu horaysay la aasaasay 1778 dhexeeya observatories ee Greenwich iyo Paris. Hélio sida caadiga ah waxa uu ku yaalaa on Maala ah, iyo waxa gudihiisa ku jiray muraayad yar. signal waxaa lagu kala qaado by yahay ee widhwidha iftiin, kaas oo la helay markii qalab la janjeerin. Qoraaga of qalab this ay adag tahay in loo yeedho, laakiin been abuurtay dhexdooda military ahaa caan ah, xataa qarnigii XIX ah.

semaphore

In 1792, France Klod Shapp abuurtay heliograph ee indhaha telegaraafka-sida hab. signal ayaa lagu kala qaado by nuurka oo la radiated semaphore. Dhowr dhismayaasha dhaadheer isku la dhigay arkaan kasta oo kale gudahood. Waxay ahaayeen semaphores, iyo dadkii iyaga socda.

Horeba 1794, jidka ka Paris si ay u Lille 22 saldhigyada ayaa lagu rakibay la semaphores. On gudbinta of signal ay qaadatay ilaa 2 daqiiqo. nidaamka seylaanyenta Tani waxa ay aad caan u noqday. Waxay ugu dhakhsaha badan la dhisay iyo saldhigyada kale. signal waxaa lagu kala qaado ka badan ayaa sax ka badan tusaaale iyo signal qiiqa.

Chappe abuurtay nidaam gaar ah codes. On semaphore-tax diyaarin strips. Riixid ama la isku daray, ay u sameeyaan tiradaasi gaar ah, mid kasta oo taas oo u dhiganta warqad alifbeetada. In hal daqiiqo, waxa suurto gal ahayd in lagu wareejiyo laba eray.

telegaraafka Electric

Dhammaadkii qarnigii XVIII ka, cilmi-baarayaasha iyo alifay baranayso sifooyinka korontada. fikrad iyo waxa ka codsan in telegaraafka ah. In 1774, George Lesage abuuray telegaraafka ugu horeysay electrostatic. Later Samuel Semmering abuurtay hab electrochemical la goobooyin gaas gudaha.

In 1832, Paul Schilling helo kuwa been abuurtay telegaraafka ku electromagnetic. In Xariir threads ayaa lagu dhegaysanayay shan cirbadaha magnetic in guurto gariiradda gudaha isku duuduubaan silig. jihada goostay jihada hadda ka jirta taas oo dhaqaaqin irbad magnetic. Transfer noqon kartaa warqado iyo tiro labadaba.

Just ka dambeeya Schilling la raacay by taxane ah oo Been isku by Gauss iyo Weber Jarmalka, Ingariis Cook iyo Watson. Laakiin patent ee telegaraafka ku electromagnetic baxay inuu Samuel Morse, sida isagu kuma uu jirin biiro, iyo nooca farsamo. Later, hindisa ayaa u yimid oo la code signal caansan dunida ee ku - code Morse.

telautograph

Jirka ka Scotland dhaqaaqay tallaabooyin dhowr ah weeraryahanka. Aleksandr Beyn ahaa kuwa marka hore la Abuurtay telegaraafka ah, oo awood u gudbin images. Qalabka wuxuu u muuqday in 1843 oo la odhan jiray "Telefoto". Wuxuu waxaa loo arkaa inay awoowe ee fax ah.

Talyaani Caselli abuuraa mid ah hay'adaha been abuurtay baanaha iyo bilaabataa soo saarka mass. images kala iibsiga varnish gaar ah ama sawiro on bireed a lead. Mashiinka xubno ka akhrin iyo iyaga on warqad electrochemically. daydo Later Telefoto xitaa loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee khariidadaha.

telegaraafka wireless

In 1895, nooc cusub oo telegaraafka ayaa la soo bandhigay in Russia, loo yaqaan "tilmaame duufaan". Yaa abuurtay telegaraafka ee wireless? alifay ahaa saynisyahan caan Alexander Popov. Ujeedada ugu weyn waxay ahayd in la diiwaan geliyo hirarka raadiyaha farsamo in ay soo saartaa hore duufaan a.

Dhab ahaantii, waxa uu ahaa radio ugu horeysay ee adduunka ee. By fiican model ah "tilmaame duufaan" ugu horeysay la gaaray in signal la Windows XP code Morse, waxaa si toos ah dhex maray headphones ilaa dhankiisa aqbaliddoodii. Popov qalab ayaa si guul leh loo isticmaalo xiriirka ka dhexeeya Maraakiibta iyo xeebteeda. Waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa in arrimaha ciidamada.

marxalad cusub

stage A cusub ee horumarinta telegaraafka yimid 1872, ka dib markii la alifay ee Jean Bodo bilaabin-joojin telegaraafka. Thanks isaga si, waxaa suurto gal u noqday in ay u diraan farriimo badan hal dhinac.

In 1930, unit ku dhammeeyo dialers Bodo on disk. Oo waxay ahaayeen sida our giraangiraha caadiga ah ee garaacaya on telefoonada ka weyn. Haddaba waxaad cayimi kartaa xiriir ah in waxaa loogu talagalay fariin. qalab noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo yaqaan "Telakis". In wadamo badan oo dunida ku baahsan ayaa bilaabay in la dhiso nidaamka qaranka ee fiilooyinka macmiilka. shabakadaha noocan oo kale ah ayaa ka soo baxay, sida Germany, UK, USA.

Currently, telegaraafka weli jirin. Laakiin, dabcan, teknoolajiyada cusub oo mudo dheer ayaa waxaa khiyaaneeyey meel "retrosistem".