Xaaladda difaaca

Xaaladda difaaca shakhsiga ah waa tilmaame oo dhamaystiran ee gobolka, taas oo ah nidaamka difaaca jirka. Baahida loo qabo, waxaa ka baxdo daraasadda looga shakisan yahay failure nidaamka difaaca. Tani waxa ay muujinaysaa dabiiciga ah ee xadgudubyada iyo qeexaya sida loo wax looga qabto. Isbedelada, oo waxaa la soo dersay xaaladda difaaca, waa in loo aqoonsado in hab wakhti. Haddii ay u badan tahay in ay dhacaan cudurada ku filan u daran (xasaasiyad, geedi socodka faafa, burooyinka iyo cudurada kale).

Humoral (xidhiidha dheecaanka jirka) iyo difaaca jirka cell-dhexaadin saamaynaysa difaaca jirka, falanqaynta xaaladda la qabtaa by yahay ee imtixaanada shaqsi ka mid ah immunogram. Daraasad si loo ogaado xaaladda nidaamka difaaca jirka ee. Falanqaynta qiimeeyaa waxtarka of unugyada takhasuska kala duwan uu ka samaysan yahay xaaladda difaaca jirka. Xaaladdan oo kale, imtixaanada oo dhan waa muhiim, sababtoo ah hawlaha difaaca ay bixiso falalka ay si wadajir ah.

nidaamka difaaca jirka oo caafimaad qaba Humoral waa awood ka hortagga faafidda jeermiska fayraska (extracellular) iyo cudurrada bakteeriyada in muddada hore ee ay wax lays galay jidhka. jawaabaha Humoral bixiya B-limfosaytis iyo fuliyay serum. Garashada pathogene (wakiilka ajnabi ah) B-limfosaytis kala (wareejiyay) unugyada plasma, oo soo saarta (wax soo saarka) antibody ah - immunoglobulins (borotiinada serum). Immunoglobulins xidhxidhaan wakiilka ajnabi ah daalaeday waxa xannibi ay dhaqdhaqaaqa noolaha, ka dibna ka noqday jidhka ka. Sidaas darteed, tallaabada si toos ah loo sameeyaa immunoglobulins.

borotiinada myse ay ku lug leeyihiin hawshooda u ah ee jawaabaha kale ee difaaca ee taageeraya xaaladda difaaca caadiga ah. Tusaale ahaan, "unugyada dilaaga» (NK- iyo K-unugyada) ayaa lysed (diri) unugyada gebi ahaanba shisheeye in ay yihiin dahaarka leh kula immunoglobulins (IG G).

By ku qabanaya in antigen ah, immunoglobulins sidoo kale dhaqaajiso set oo ah kow iyo borotiinada serum (nidaamka complement). qaybo ka mid ah nidaamka complement ah awood u leeyihiin in ay weeraraan xuub gacanta, taasoo keenta burburka unugyada shisheeye, xubno kale oo laga yaabaa in delimit gobolka barar iyo soo jiidan leukocytes ay ka weyn.

Humoral, kaas oo la mid ah in xaaladda difaaca jirka waxaa lagu qiimeeyaa oo isticmaalaya ogaanshaha iyo tirinta ee B-limfosaytis dhiigga (in boqolkiiba iyo tirada buuxda). dhaqdhaqaaqa Functional ee (B-limfosaytis) waxaa ka go'an on immunoglobulins dhexsameeysmo iyaga by jawaab u kicinta B-cell. Go'aaminta jiritaanka unugyada si fayrusyada iyo bakteeriyada ugu badan, fiirsashada of autoantibodies ama kaxeynayo difaaca waxaa lagu fuliyaa by qiyaaso heerka guud ee immunoglobulins iyo tirada fasalada kala duwan (IGA, IgG, IgM).

nidaamka complement waa muhiim in qabashada cudurka dabiiciga ah immunodeficiencies dhasho cilado in nidaamka this. Xaaladaha kale, tusaale ahaan, in heley, shalalka, xog muhiim ah oo ku saabsan qaybaha complement C4 iyo C3.

Caadi ahaan, xaaladda difaaca ee link gacanta ku ool ah u asiibi dulin, fangaska, unugyada kansarka, cudurada intracellular. reaction Protective sidaas sameeyaa unugyada lymphoid iyo nidaamka ay bixiyaan T-limfosaytis. Iyada oo wax lays ee element qalaad galay jidhka, T-unugyada waxaa garashada waa in la shaqeysiin by bilaabo geedi socodka, qayb burburinta element qalaad. T limfosaytis dadka qaar ka mid ah ayaa sidoo kale si firfircoon uga soo fara iyo nidaamka difaaca humoral, ka caawiyay in ay kicin ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee unugyada by B-unugyada (cells gargaare T) ama xakamaynta alaabta ay (T-suppressors).