Wax-uqabso ee rinjiyeynta qarnigii 20aad: wakiillo tusaalooyin

bilowgii qarnigii labaatanaad waxa uu ka calaamadeeyay by noocyo kala duwan oo dhacdooyin oo baaxad weyn, dhaqaalaha beddelo iyo map siyaasadeed ee dunida, sayniska iyo dheeraad ah. Ha ku sii durkaan iyo farshaxanka: ku-uqabso ee farshaxanka, filimada iyo suugaanta ayaa loo bedelay fikirka ah hal-abuurka iyo aragtida bulshada ee it on. fikradaha New noqday kacaanka dhab ah, taas oo sii wadaan in ay saamayn ku dunida xitaa hadda.

Waa maxay wax-uqabso?

Bilowga ee qarnigii labaatanaad waxaa jiray dhowr isbeddellada tijaabada fikrado cusub oo duurka ku ah fanka. Magacooda caadiga ah waa erayga "hormuudkii" in turjumaad suugaan ka Faransiis oo macnaheedu yahay "hormuudkii". Fikirka cusub horjeedday ee academicism oo sii wada dhaqankii socda ee casriga. The wakiillo ka socda avant-garde farshaxanka rumeysan yahay in waadaxa ah waa habka of abuurka, halkii ay wax soo saarka ugu dambeeya. Ninka galay shay farshaxanka jeestay. wax-uqabso ee qarnigii 20-aad, rinjiyeynta ah waxa loo qaybin karaa dhawr noocyo oo waaweyn: Futurism, Surrealism, abstraktivizm, Pop Art, Dada iyo op-art. muuqaalada kala yihiin foomka waqtiga qaybinta iyo dareenka ruuxiga ah, xoriyad la'aan ah ee ra'yi dhiibashada weheliyaan sayniska, hab gorfaynta in geeddi-socodka.

The soo bixitaanka iyo koritaanka

jihada cusub oo ay ahayd wax soo saarka ee aan macquul ahayn ka, wuxuu Abuuraa jaanqaadayn of farshaxanka dhabta ah iyo saaray waxa ku jira dareenka ruuxiga ah. qiimaha farshaxanka, hoos si kuteen - taasi waxa weeye waxa kala rinjiyeynta wax-uqabso ah. Artists sameeyaa talaabo fadeexad iyo abuuray macno at rakibo jaleecada hore, adkaynaya in fikradda wayn ee hadda. Ilaa ifafaale u dhicii ilaalinaysay uu wax aan waxba tarayn hoose, tuuraya call daawadayaasha - haddii uu si run ka qiyamka been ah kala awood u yeelan doonaan? In farshaxanka casriga ah, wax-uqabso ka dibna isku dayayaan in ay dib ugu soo dhaqanka jir ah u hesho, dareen qaar ka mid ah la beddelo fikraddii asalka ahayd.

wakiillo ka kala duwan

sculptor garde Caadiga Duchamp sheegay in uu shaqada baaquli caadi ah, kaalinta on haysa. Endi Uorhol abuuray halabuurka ah ee daasadaha iyo waxa daasadda. In falalka noocaas ah si weyn, farqiga u dhexeeya rinjiyeynta ee wax-uqabso iyo farshaxan ah modernismen - nuxurka kowaad waa talisnimo iyo khiyaano, dayaca iyo dugsiga dhibaatooyin, isticmaalka siyaabaha ugu fudud for dhaleecayn jeesi liidata aqoon oo aan dhagaystayaasha aad u dhaqanka.

Group Fauves

Mid ka mid ah isbeddellada ugu weerarka soo bandhigay rinjiyeynta wax-uqabso, wuxuu ahaa Fauvism ah. Group of Kala Socotay soo horjeeda ee Impressionists iyo rabitaanka in ay gaaraan verisimilitude a naturalistic. Waayo, Fauves lagu gartaa isticmaalka songs eegayey, diidmada eego dhinaca dhaqanka. Fanaaniinta ayaa loolan dhadhankii ganacsade iyo farshaxanka salon, abuuraya goobaha Ghadafi. Wakiillada waxaa la odhan karaa fanaaniinta sida Raul Dyufi iyo Marquet. Arintaan, in uu shaqada ayaa ka Fauvism si xaqiiqo - in webka "Notre Dame," ayuu u suurtagashay in ay gaadhsiin biyaha hadh sax faahfaahsan oo ka mid ah reebin, ka dulmari naqshadda ka mid ah cathedral iyo huurka, Jilcinta contours ay. Tagay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada dhabta ah fanaaniinta Vlamin iyo Freese Guurka mawduucyada primitivist isticmaalo Andre Derain. Margado, images asalka ah ayaa la abuuray by Georges Rouault. In kasta oo qaar badan oo Fauves muuqaalada mideynaya aan aad u dheer jirey sida urur shaqaale, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan kala diray.

Henri Matisse

France ayaa, weligiis galay taariikhda tahay, mid ka mid ah fanaaniinta ugu muhiimsan ee lagu soo bandhigay in rinjiyeynta avant-garde noqday. farshaxankiisa Matisse uu muujiyo fikrad abuur leh aasaasiga ah ee la sii daayo midabka iyo tamarta on canvases ah. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay rinjiyeynta in aad uula mid tahay music ay bixisay qoraal oo kaliya todoba, oo isku dayday in ay noqotay maalintii ay waayo-aragnimo shakhsi ah waxa uu arkay in shuqullada.

In horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad, Matisse noqday xiiso farshaxan of Africa, farshaxanka madaxtooyada Carabta iyo woodcuts Japan, kaas oo sidoo kale waa cad in uu shaqada. farshaxankiisa sayidkiisa waa midabo kala daran: buluug ah oo qoto dheer, cagaaran sumurud, oo qoto dheer huruud ah. Shuqullada fiican u yaqaan waxaa ka mid ah farshaxankiisa:

• "Dance", abuuray sarkhaansan xilli Diaghilev Ruush ee Paris iyo dheri Greek rinjiyeynta.
• "Music" la image of heeso iyo ciyaaro xabbadood alaabtii kala duwan.
• "Fish Red" xoog wayn oo midabo iyo dhismaha planar asalka ah ee rinjiyeynta la diidmada aragti iyo qoto dheer.
• "Mulaca", mid ka mid ah shuqulladii ee la soo dhaafay, ka abuuray cad oo xaashida, pre-rinji in midabada midig.

abstractionist Kandinsky

Ifka rinjiyeynta avant-garde Ruush waxaa wakiil artist this. Kandinsky si ballaadhan u safray iyo waxyoonay helay farshaxanka Dr Makumbe Ruush iyo Faransiis. Bbc uu ku salaysan yihiin dissonances midabka iyo codadka ciyaarta iyo khadadka in ugu danbeyn buuxda u bedeli doona shaqada uu images dhabta ah. Qaar ka mid ah farshaxankiisa waxaa u waxyoonay by sababaha caadiga Ruush - tusaale ahaan, "The Xaakimkii in crinolines" ama "nolosha midab badan". In muddo ah ka dib markii kacaanka, artist ka abuuray taxane ah oo graphic "Caalamka Small," kaas oo shaaca ka qaaday inuu penchant isticmaalka sharraxaadda Suprematism weheliso madaxtooyada dhalaalaya. In 1922 Kandinsky ayaa lagu casuumay si ay u baraan at Bauhaus ah. Muddo sanado ah, artist ah ayaa si joogta ah uu tijaabiyay qaab farsamo oo gaadhay natiijada cajiib ah in abstractionism - bandhigyo uu la qabtay oo dhan Europe, iyo shaqo teori guulo adduunka oo dhan, si faahfaahsan ugu sharaxayso fikrado ah in uu leeyahay rinjiyeynta wax-uqabso. Tusaale ahaan waxaa ka mid ah muddada shaqada "Halabuurka 8" iyo "dhibic iyo line a in diyaarada."