Bacyaal iyo codsigooda. bacyaal porosity

Noocyada kala duwan ee balaastigga siiyaan fursado ku filan la abuuro qaababka qaarkood iyo qaybaha. Waxaa soo beegay walxahaasi waxaa loo isticmaalaa in dhinacyo kala duwan: ka injineernimada iyo injineernimada radio daawada iyo beeraha. Dhuumaha iyo qaybaha for mashiinada, qalabka qalabada, guryo loogu talagalay qalabka iyo maacuunta - liiska badan waxa la abuuri karaa caag ah.

The kala duwan ugu weyn ee

Bacyaal iyo isticmaalkooda ku salaysan waxa polymers xambaarsan - dabiici ah ama aan dabiici ahayn. Waxay la kulantay kululeeyo, cadaadis, ka dibna fulinta articles wax taaj oo kale ah ee kakanaanta kala duwan. Waxa ugu muhiimsan waa in marka manipulations si sii foomka of alaabta dhamaystirtay. All bacyaal waa thermoplastic, in uu yahay karo, iyo thermosetting (irreversible).

Karo noqday caag sarkhaansan yihiin kulaylinta dheeraad ah iyo cadaadis, iyadoo isbedelkaas degdega ah ee ka kooban ma dhacdo. The riixo iyo waxa uu noqday wax soo saarka shirkadda had iyo jeer waxaa suurtagal ah si aad u jilciso siin qaabaynta. noocyada loo yaqaan of caag ah sida (thermoplastic) sida polyetylen iyo polystyrene. Asal ahaan waa iska caabiya daxalka, iyo guryaha dielectric. On ku salaysan soo saaray tuubooyinka, filimada, go'yaal ay, waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa sida wax qalabada ah.

Of styrene in polystyrene

Sidaas darteed of polymerization of styrene ahaa polystyrene diyaar. ka ee mustaqbalka la abuuro qaybo kala duwan oo ku saleysan shubay ama daran. bacyaal noocan oo kale ah waxaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee qaybo badan oo wax soo saarka, sida qaboojiyaha ama xubno for musqusha. Ka mid ah balaastigga thermosetting ayaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa pressporoshki, laminates, fiber xoojiyeen caag ah, kuwaas oo loo sii samayn karo si loo helo meelo kala duwan.

Bacyaal - mid aad u fudud in ay isticmaalaan iyo, ku salaysan kuwaas oo aad ka abuuri karaan wax badan oo badeecooyin. Iyadoo ku xiran guryaha kaamerada waxaa soo socda noocyada kala duwan ee balaastigga :

1. Cidhiidhinaya. Waa habka ugu caanka ah ee badeecadaha ka soo jeeda qalabka thermosetting hesho. Wax taaj oo kale waa la fuliyay in wasakhahaasi gaar ah hoos heerkulka sare iyo cadaadis.
2. wax taaj oo kale duray. Habka Tani waxay suurto gal ah in la abuuro wax soo saarka ah ee qaabab kala duwan. Waayo, kanu taangiyada gaar ah caag la shubay ka buuxsamay. geedi socodka laftiisa waxa lagu gartaa wax soo saarka sare iyo hufnaan.
3. Extrusion. Iyada oo processing sida heli waxyaalo fara badan oo caag ah, sida tuubooyinka, daah, xadhko, filimada ee hawlaha kala duwan.
4. Qarxiyaan. Habkani - fursad ugu fiican si ay u abuuraan wax soo saarka ee foomkan bulk, taasoo ku yeelan doonta kama tollayn ah oo ku saabsan xiritaanka barta of caaryada ah.
5. Jediyay. Sidaas waxyaabaha loo abuuray ka baco iyo taarikada la qaabab gaar ah.

Features polymerization

caag ah ayaa laga heli karaa by polymerization iyo polycondensation. Xaaladda hore u taagoo monomer ku xiran yihiin si ay u sameeyaan silsilad polymer aan sii daayo oo biyo ah iyo khamriga ah, ee labaad - by-products loo sameeyay, kuma khasbana in polymer ah. habab kala duwan iyo noocyada kala duwan ee balaastigga polymerization ay suurto gal tahay in la helo darey oo ku kala duwan yihiin guryaha bilowga ah. door muhiim ah habka this waxaa la ciyaaray by heerkulka saxda ah iyo kulaylka cadaanyo sidiisa wax taaj oo kale ah si fiican polymerize. In polymerization ah waxaa muhiim ah in fiiro gaar ah u monomer ee haraaga ah - badan ay ka yar, wax dheeraad ah la isku halayn karo oo muddo dheer hawlgal noqon doonaa caag ah.

porosity

Haddii hababka polymerization ah lagu xad gudbay, waxa ay keeni kartaa in cilladaha in waxyaabaha ku dhameysatay. Waxay goobooyin muuqan, furitaanka iyo stress gudaha kordhay. Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo ah porosity caag ah:

1. Gaas. Waxay dhacdaa sababtoo ah hab polymerization la xadgudbay, iyo ilaalinta waxaay benzoyl karaysa. Haddii daloolada gaaska loo sameeyay in dhumucda sanaaci ah, waxa loo baahan yahay si ay u badalaan.
2. porosity Granular dhacaa sabab u tahay budada polymer xad-dhaaf ah, uumi of monomer ka dusha sare ee tayada wax ama qodan aan ku filnayn ee ka kooban oo caag ah.
3. porosity ee riixo ah. Waxay dhacdaa sababtoo ah yaraynta mugga of mass polymerizing hoos saamaynta cadaadis ku filnayn ama la'aan ka kooban wax taaj oo kale ah.

Maxaa si ay u eegaan?

Waa in aad ogaato waxa noocyada kala duwan ee balaastigga waa porosity, iyo si looga hortago ciladaha in wax soo saarka ugu dambeeya. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay fiiro gaar ah u porosity yar dushiisa of sanaaci ah. Tani waxay dhacdaa sababtoo ah lacagta aad u badan oo monomer uu ku jiray porosity aan la hoos geliyey in ay qiraan. Haddii, inta lagu jiro hawlgalka la caag sameeyay walwalka gudaha haraaga ah, sheyga crack lahaa. xaaladda noocan oo kale ah u kacaya ay sabab u tahay xadgudubyada hab polymerization, marka shayga waa waqti aad u dheer in biyaha kulul.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sii daraysa ee guryaha farsamo ee qalabka polymer in dhamaadka keenaysaa in gabowga, laakiin maxaa yeelay, technology-soo-saarka ee loo baahan yahay in ay si buuxda u hoggaansamaan.

caag aasaasiga ah - waa maxay?

wax u arkaan si weyn loo isticmaalaa in soo saaridda ee saldhigyada lugood saxan saari karo. Noocyada ugu caansan ee balaastigga aasaasiga ah waa saldhigga dardaro. Mass for saldhigyada, sida caadiga ah isku-dar ah budo iyo dareere. Marka Gaalada lagu qaso, oo sideeda oo wax taaj oo kale ah waxaa la abuuray oo ku degna ama hoos kululaynta engejiyaa. Iyadoo ku xiran waxyaabaha la heli kulul-Daaweynta ama is-engegnaantooda aawadeed. Si aad u bacyaal aasaasiga ah polymerization kulul waxaa ka mid ah:

• Etacryl (AKP-15);
• akrel;
• ftoraks;
• Akron.

Qalabka si ay u abuuraan la gashado waa bacyaal dabacsan, taas oo loo baahan yahay sida a pads shoog-qaadashada jilicsan waayo saldhigyada. Waa in ay noqon ammaan u ah jidhka, si adag u xiran salka sanaaci ah, ilaaliyaan dabacsanaan iyo mugga joogto ah. Ka mid ah balaastigga sida xusid mudan eladent la diyaarineysa in guud ahaan sanaaci, iyo ortoksil kaas oo la helay oo ku salaysan Beeyada siloxane.

qalabka dhismaha

Noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee balaastigga waxaa loo isticmaalaa in beeraha kala duwan ee dhismaha, taas oo ku xidhan kooban. The alaabta ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ah kuwan soo socda:

1. la taaban karo polymer. cusbi farcan Tani, taas oo loo abuuray oo ku saleysan polymers thermosetting. The ugu fiican marka la eego guryaha jireed iyo farsamo ee polymer la taaban karo waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in ay ku saleysan Beeyada epoxy. Brittleness mid ah waxyaabaha la magdhow by buuxiyo buunshada - asbestos, fiiloyin galaas. Polymer la taaban karo waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo abuuro qaababka in ay yihiin adkaysi u kiimikada.
2. GRP - casri ah noocyada kala duwan ee dhismaha balaastigga, kuwaas oo shabaqa macdantaa galaas, dhar, polymer xariirin karo. Maro adag loo abuuray oo ku saleysan fiiloyin beegsaday ama aad jarjartey iyo dhar ama dermaha.
3. qalabka Floor. Waxay waxaa lagu soo bandhigay iyadoo noocyo kala duwan oo isugu darey daahan oo duudduuban zhidkovyazovyh ku salaysan polymers. Dhismaha waxaa si balaadhan looga codsatay linoleum ku saleysan PVC, qaab ningax kaamerada iyo loomana baahno wanaagsan. dabaqa mastic aan xuduud lahayn in lagu abuuri karo oo ku salaysan isku dar ah feed la oligomers ah.

Caaga iyo sixitaanka

Waxaa jira 5 nooc oo balaastigga, kaas oo ay leeyihiin xil:

1. terephthalate polyetylen (Pete ayaa warqad sixitaanka ama PET). Lagu gartaa hufnaan iyo codsiga ballaadhan: isticmaalo kaydinta sharaabka kala duwan, saliidaha, isku qurxiyo.
2. polyetylen High cufnaanta (HDPE ama calaamadaysan sida PE HD). Qoraalkani wuxuu ku ah waxa lagu gartaa wax ku-oolnimada, oo raaxaysan, caabiga isbedel heerkulka. Waxaa loo isticmaalo soo saaridda of weelka la tuuro, weelasha waayo bacaha kaydinta cuntada, alaabta lagu ciyaaro.
3. chloride Polyvinyl (PCV ama calaamadeeyay sidii V). Laga soo bilaabo wax this yihiin profiles window, qaybo alaabta guriga, Film for ganaax saqafka, tuubooyinka, sagxadda dhulka iyo aad u badan. Sababtoo ah content ee bisphenol A, chloride vinylalkohol, jilciye polyvinyl looma isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee wax soo saarka (weel, cookware iyo P. sida.) Waayo, kaydinta cuntada.
4. Polyetylen (LDPE ama PEBD sixitaanka). Macluumaadkaan waxaa qiime jaban loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee bacaha, bacda qashinka, linoleum iyo CD-yada.
5. Polypropylene (PP ayaa lagu calaamadiyey higgaadda). xoog kala duwan, caabiga kulaylka, ku haboon wax soo saarka ee weelasha cuntada, baakadaha cuntada, alaabta lagu ciyaaro, cirbadaha.

noocyada caanka ah ee caagga ah - polystyrene.ka iyo polycarbonate. Waxaa si weyn loo loo isticmaalo warshadaha kala duwan.

Fields codsiga

Noocyada kala duwan ee balaastigga waxaa loo isticmaalaa in warshado kala duwan. Xaaladdan oo kale, shuruudaha ku saabsan isku - istareexsan hawlgalka iyo ammaanka. Ha ka fikiro si aynu noocyada thermoplastics iyo baaxadda.

bacyaal Thermosetting (miiska)

halkii ay ka gunaanad

In article la joogo waxaan eegay noocyada bacyaal iyo codsigooda. Marka la isticmaalayo qalabkan waxaa loo arkaa by arrimo badan, laga bilaabo guryaha jireed iyo farsamo iyo sifooyinka shaqada ku dhameysteen. In kasta oo caag ah qiimaha ay leedahay heer ku filan oo ah ammaanka, kaas oo aad u balaarineyso baaxadda ay codsiga.