Waa maxay teratogen ah? Sababaha cillado lagu dhasho

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, tirada carruurta ku dhalatay aan caadi ahayn ee horumarinta, ayaa si joogto ah sii kordhaysa. Tan waxa u sabab ah saamaynta teratogenic (ka yaxaas Teros Greek., Xukun jecel) arrimood, waa in jirka utero waa gaar ah ugu nugul. Xaaladdan oo kale, badan (in kastoo had iyo jeer ma aha) ayaa ku xiran tahay mas'uuliyadda hooyada.

Sayidka, geesiga ah ee Hugo ee Quasimodo weli uurka googooyey hooyadiis u gaar ah, wada-galayn caloosha adag inta ay uurka leedahay si ay u iibiso qaalisan-bahal ilmaha. Taasi waa fikirka ah "teratogen" yaqaan in ay dad muddo dheer ka hor.

Marxaladaha nuglaanta embriyaha

Degree ee nuglaanta of uurjiifka xilliga uurka kala duwan, dhakhaatiirta kala saaro 3-da heer.

1. Heerkan waxa qaadataa saacadaha ugu horreeya oo uur ah ilaa 18 iyada. Wakhtigan, haddii ay jiraan tiro badan oo ah unugyada burburay, waxaa jira dhicin lama filaan ah. Haddii ilmo iska soo ridid ayaa dhacay, embriyaha waxay si deg deg ah loo soo celiyo karaa unugyada dhaawacan aan waxyeello ku yahay caafimaadka. Si fudud u gelin, xilligan la joogo kaliya labo siyaabood - midkood embriyaha dhinto, ama si buuxda u sii horumariyo.
2. Heerka labaad waxa lagu gartaa nuglaanta ugu weyn ee ilmaha caloosha ku. Stage qaadataa 18 ilaa 60 maalmood. Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu jiro xilliga this sameeyay cudurka ugu daran, mararka qaar xitaa leheyn nolosha. Dhakhaatiirta ayaa sheegay in in curyaanimo ugu khatarta badan kor u abuurtay inuu 36 maalmood ka dib ay ka yar yihiin fahmayaan, oo dhici qabsiyada, ma tirinta cilladaha nidaamka Fistula iyo dhanxanegga adag. Taasi waa sababta inta badan dumarka uurka ka mid ah ilaa saddex bilood halis ah dhicin. In muddo this waxaa gaar ahaan muhiim ah in la is ogow of caafimaadkooda, sababta oo ah waxay ku xiran tahay caafimaadka mustaqbalka ee ilmahaaga.
3. Muddadan, uurjiifka waxa ay mar horeba sameeyay xubnaha iyo nidaamka ay, si ay horumar ma noqon xumaan kara. Laakiin waxaa jira halis of koritaanka uurjiifka, dhimashada tirada nth unugyada, sii daraysa ee ka mid ah meydadka. habdhiska ilmaha ugu nugul ee.

noocyada uurkugirta

"Teratogenesis" Ereyga (dhacdo cilladaha horumarinta) waxa loo qaybiyaa laba nooc - cillado ka timi saamaynta deegaanka loo kasin iyo cillado ka dhasha cudurada la iska dhaxlo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fikirka ah "teratogen" gudbin oo kaliya in ay tahay nooca ugu horeysay. kiimikada, xaaladaha abuurista nafleyda iyo kuwa kale oo keeni curyaanimo lagu dhasho ee xubnaha iyo nidaamka.

uurkugirta Qoondaynta sida soo socota.

1. Kiimikooyinka.
2. Ionizing shucaaca.
3. hab qaldan nolosha uurka leh.
4. Caabuqa.

Kiimikooyinka sida teratogen

farmashiistaha kasta oo loo xaqiijiyo in kasta oo kiimiko waa sun ee qaadasho sare ee jidhka. Tani waa run gaar ahaan haweenka uurka leh, kaas oo la mid aad u taxadar leh loo doortay daawo haddii loo baahdo.

Liiska kiimiko waxyeelo u geysan kara ilmaha caloosha ku, si joogto ah updated, Dhanka kale, ma dhihi karno in walax kasta oo liiskan sida teratogen ah, waxay ku xidhan tahay in ay keeni cilladaha horumarineed, inkastoo daawooyinka qaar ka mid ah run ahaantii kordhin kartaa halista ah ee this ifafaale at 2-3. Waxaa si fiican u dhisan tahay daawooyinka ugu khatarta badan ayaan bilood ee uurka, laakiin ay saamayn inta lagu guda jiro trimester II iyo III aan si buuxda u fahamsan yahay. Waxaa la og yahay oo keliya saamayn dhaawici ee thalidomide, gaar ahaan 34-50 maalmood oo uur ah.

halista ugu weyn in ay uur leedahay wakiil uumi of mercury, toluene, benzene, hlordifenil iyo taagayo ay. Iyo kooxda soo socda ee daroogada:

1. Tetracycline'nada (antibiotics).
2. Valproic acid, loo isticmaalo gariir iyo qalalka, iyo sidoo kale trimethadione.
3. "Busulfan" (Diyaarinta loo xilsaaray in leukemias).
4. tallaabo hormone antiandrogen.
5. "Captopril", "Enalapril" (muujiyay hypertension).
6. xeryahooda iodine.
7. "MTX" (fulyo saamayn jirka ah).
8. carbonate Lithium.
9. "Tiamazol" (hab thyrostatic).
10. "Penicillamine" (isticmaalo in dareen diidmo, shalalka).
11. "Isotretinoin" (analoogga ah vitamin A).
12. "Diethylstilbestrol" (hormone diyaarinta).
13. "Thalidomide" (kiniiniga hurdada).
14. "Cyclophosphamide" (daroogada anti-kansarka).
15. "Etretinat" (isticmaalo cudurrada maqaarka).

Tan iyo markii ay saamayn xun ku ilmaha caloosha ku jira kooxo daroogada loo isticmaalo cudurada gebi ahaanba kala duwan, qori daaweynta uurka waa in ay ahaataa mid aad u dhawrsataan. U hubso in aad saaray dhakhtar caan in aad ku sugan tahay meel.

shucaaca ionizing

Waayo, ionizing shucaaca waxaa ka mid ah Maraykanka (inkasta oo dhakhaatiir muddo dheer la og yahay in waxyeelo appreciable in ultrasound ee ilmaha caloosha uma shaqeeyo), xabadka X-rays, X-rays iyo hababka kale ee cilmi-baarista ku lug leh isticmaalka ionizing hirarka.

Tusaalayaasha kale ee uurkugirta - this shil la sii daayo walxaha shucaaca deegaanka, therapy iodine shucaaca, radiotherapy.

wakiilada faafa iyo uurka

Tan iyo mandheerta waxa uu shahaadada sare ee permeability, waxaa jira halis of ilmo iska soo ridid ama caabuq uurjiifka intrauterine la tiro ka mid ah cudurada. Cudurka in 7 todobaad ee ugu horeeya uurka waa inay awoodaan inay keeni cilladaha uurjiifka in ay yihiin leheyn nolosha. Cudurka ilmaha marxaladaha dambe waxay keeni kartaa caabuq ku dhashay.

Waxaa xusid mudan in inta uu la egyahay adkaanta daliilka cudurka ee embriyaha uurka leh iyo kala duwanaan karaan.

factor Teratogenic caawinaysa dadka cudurrada soo socda:

• toxoplasmosis,
• cytomegalovirus,
• noocyada Herpes aniga iyo II,
• rubella;
• waraabowga;
• encephalitis equine Venezuela,
• virus varicella-zoster.

Sidoo kale cawaaqib aan loo baahnayn, waayo, ilmuhu waxaa weeyaan cudurka chlamydia iyo geedi socodka bararka ka dhaca jirka ah ee naagta uurka leh.

hab qaldan nolosha uurka

Haweenka ku jirnaa boos si ay mas'uul ka ah nolosha iyo caafimaadka ilmaha noqon, sidaas daraaddeed waa in ay iska ilaaliyaan wax khamri ah, oo sigaarka iyo xataa kafeega la cabbo xad-dhaaf ah. arrimo K sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah ku tiirsanaanta daroogada teratogenic, sunta cayayaanka loo isticmaalo beeraha warshadaha, budo iyo nadiifiyo.

Waxaa muhiim ah in nafaqo wanaagsan, iyo ka fogaanaya wax garad waxyeelada guryaha waxtar leh oo cunto ah. cunto waa in loo dhisay hab helay uurka leh oo dhan lagama maarmaanka u ah horumarinta ilmaha caloosha ah. Tusaale ahaan, la'aanta protein oo horseedaysa nafaqo darro uurjiifka. jirka dumar ah waxay u baahan tahay nafaqada sida selenium, zinc, iodine, lead, manganese, fluorine. cunto waa in ay sidoo kale noqon qadar ku filan oo calcium iyo fitamiino.

uurkugirta kale

By heley uurjiifka waxay keeni karaan cudurka macaanka, goiter, phenylketonuria iyo burooyinka oo kicin wax soo saarka ee hormoonnada antiandrogen. Sidoo kale, dhakhaatiirtu waxay rumeysan ilmaha caloosha ku waa kulayl khatar ah, la'aanta folic acid.

Teratogenic gudbiyo qodobada kor ku xusan. Aragtidani waxa ay ka mid ah wax kasta oo curyaamin kara horumarinta caadiga ah ee ilmaha caloosha iyo waxay keeni in cillado. Waxaa hoogtay, arrimahaasi waxay aad u badan, oo sidaas daraaddeed naagtii inta aad uurka leedahay waa mid aad u muhiim ah in lala socdo caafimaadka iyo nafaqada.