The Battle of Kunersdorf. Natiijada of War toddobadii sannadood ay

The Battle of Kunersdorf ahaa mid ka mid ah dagaalo waaweyn of War toddobadii sannadood ay. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in uu ahaa ee qof weyn, natiijooyinka liibaanta of tiro ka mid ah sababaha ku guuleystay a ma qaadan kartaa faa'iido. Sayidka, natiijooyinka dagaalka Todoba Years War of kunersdorf aan goostay, iyo tiro ka mid ah arrimo kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaqiiqda ma dhimin muhiimadda dagaallada ee taariikhda farshaxanka dagaalka.

Sababaha War toddobadii sannadood ay

Sababta ugu wayn ee Dagaalkii toddobadii sannadood ay ahayd khilaaf sii kordhaya ee u dhexeeya xoogagga waaweyn ee Yurub: Prussia iyo Great Britain oo gacanta ku hal iyo Quduuska Roman Empire ee Habsburgs ah, France, Spain iyo Empire Ruush ah - oo dhinaca kale ah. In ay ku biiraan colaadda iyo tiro ka mid ah dalalka yaryar. Mawduuca ku tartamaya ayaa dhulka ee deegaanada dibadda, iyo sidoo kale muranka dhuleed ee u dhexeeya Prussian Hohenzollern iyo Habsburg Austria ku saabsan Silesia.

Inta badan oo ka mid ah quruumaha Yurub waaweyn u kaca ku qanacsanayn of Prussia, oo ku xadgudbay nidaamka hadda jira ee xiriirka geopolitical. Isla mar ahaantaana u dhaxeeya taajka Ingiriiska iyo France ayaa sii muranka deegaanada dibada, marayay galay dagaallo maxaliga ah. Tani waxay keentay in isbahaysiga British la Prussians ah, kan ahaayeen Faransiis. Ruush Empress Elizabeth sidoo kale ma jeclaan sida kordhay Frederick II - King of Prussia.

dhicin dagaalkii

Dagaalka ayaa marka hore bilaabay ciidamada Prussian. On ay qayb ka, waxay ahayd nooc ka mid ah shaqo joojin pre-rebshedaha. Frederick II - King of Prussia - ma doonayaan in ay sugto ilaa uu cadaawayaashiisa oo badan ururin awoodaha oo dhan oo uu ku sameeyo ay sahlanaato.

Bishii Agoosto 1756, ciidamada Prussian weerareen codbixiyayaasha ee Saxony, taas oo ahayd xulafo la ah Habsburgs Austria ah. Waxay si dhakhso ah degan kibir this. Isla intaas ka dib, Ruushka iyo Roman Empire Quduuska ah dagaal Prussia.

Inta lagu jiro 1757 Dagaal u dhexeeya Habsburg iyo ciidamada Prussian socod leh heerar kala duwan ee guusha. Isla mar ahaantaana hawlgallada dagaalka firfircoon ayaa ku biiray by Sweden iyo Russia, kaas oo madax u ahaa ciidanka, Field Marshal Stepan Fedorovich Apraksin. Waxay jeelyihiin in tallaabooyinka wax soo saar ciidamada Ruush ku dhamaaday guul cajiib ah ee Gross-Egersdorf.

In 1758 taliska ciidanka Ruush amray in General Fermor. Markii hore, hoos hoggaanka, ciidamada dhaqmeen intii ay si guul leh. Laakiin in August, dagaalka zorndorf, guul oo ma keenaan xisbiga midkood, laakiin waxa ay u qalantay allabaryada weyn.

talaabo Military ka hor dagaalka ee kunersdorf

In guga ee 1759, oo ah taliyaha ciidamada Ruush loo magacaabay guud-in-chief Petr Semenovich Saltykov. Waxa uu arkaa taliyaha lagu kalsoonaan karo oo khibrad leh, laakiin ilaa hadda ma jiro adeegyo aad u fiican oo aan ku qoran isaga for.

Intii uu isaga hoggaaminayay, ciidanka Ruush galbeed socota xagga River oder ah, oo damacsanaa inay la midowdo ciidamada Austria. Inta lagu guda jiro this guurka, June 23, 1759, Asluubta Prussian, oo ka kooban 28,000 oo waxaa laga adkaaday at Paltsige. Sidaas si guul PS Saltykov bilaabay ololaha milatari. Si dhakhso ah ciidammadii Ruush iyo Austria ee Frankfurt ku biiray der ah oder.

Isla mar ahaantaana Frederick II waxaa hulaaqaya ciidamada isku dhafka ah, oo raba in ay iyaga laga adkaado fure u ah dagaalka, sidaas darteedna waxaa loo sugo faa'ido muhim in koorsada dagaalka oo dhan.

August 12, horjeeda ciidanka la kulmay in ay isku dayaan in ay xaliyaan qaddar ee dagaalka dagaal loo yaqaan Battle of Kunersdorf. Sannadka 1759 ayaa la calaamadeeyay by hore ee dagaallada weyn.

Ciidamada dhinac

Meeshii dagaalka, taasi oo markii dambe noqday lahaa yaqaan dagaalka kunersdorf, Prussian Korol Fridrih II keentay ciidan ka kooban 48,000 oo askari. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa veterans la kulmeen, ee la soo dhaafay dugsiga military Prussian, oo ka qeyb galay in ka badan hal dagaal. 200 gogo 'madaafiic Oo weliba wuxuu lahaa, ciidanka Prussian.

Iyadoo qayb ka ah ciidamada Ruush, waxaa jiray kow iyo afartan kun oo askari. Intaa waxaa dheer, PS Saltykov hantiyeen iyo awr oo ka kooban 5200 fuula Kalmyk. Ciidamada Austria hoos jihada of Ernst Gidcoon von Lauda tiriyey 18,500 askar iyo fardooley ah. Ciidamada Midowga lahaa in tirada guud ee gogo 'madaafiic 248-th.

Location of ciidamada ka hor dagaalka ku

ciidanka Prussian yihiin caadiga ah hab. Ciidamada ugu muhiimsan ee ku jiray xarunta, ee ku taalla dhinacyada fardooley ah, iyo hormuudkii yar waxaa lagu riixay yara.

Ciidamada Ruush iyo Austria degeen on saddexdii hills. Sidaas daraaddeed waxay isku dayeen in ay helaan faa'iido badan soo horjeeda. Acraafku ayaa si raaxo leh difaaca ah ee ay meel, laakiin in cadowgu ku waxay ahaayeen ooday arrin muhiim ah.

Waa meel ka mid ah ciidamada huwanta saameyn muhiim ah oo ku saabsan sida dagaalka ee Kunersdorf. Taliyaha Saltykov jiray ciidamada ugu weyn ee xarunta. garabka bidix ee ciidanka Ruush amray by Duke Alexander Mikhailovich Golitsyn. Tan iyo markii ay ahayd link ugu liita oo ka mid ah ciidamada huwanta ah, ka shaqeeya in tiro badan oo askarta cusub, Frederick II wareegay waa inuu isaga u saaray dhibaatada ciidanka.

hir dagaalka

The Battle of Kunersdorf ka bilaabay sagaal SFIga oo subaxdii, marka madaafiic ah Prussian dab on ciidammadii huwanta furay. jihada dabka waxaa ku urursan dhinaca garabka bidix ee ciidamada Ruush, hoos amarka Prince Golitsyn. Marka ay tahay 10 am, waxaa furay dab madaafiic Ruushka ku soo laabto. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ah waxtarkeeda ayaa wax badan ka yar Prussian ah. Ka dib markii saacad kale ciidamada cadowga soo weeraray lugta ugu liita tagay garabka ka mid ah ciidamada Ruush. Ka hor inta xoog sare ee unit Prussians hoostiisa amarka Prince Golitsyn waa, waxa uu ahaa u Dumayn.

In dagaalka la raadiyo ciidamada Frederick II maareeyeen in ay gacanta ku dhowaad dhammaan madaafiic Ruushka. The King of Prussia ayaa ku guulaystay, iyo xataa tan iyo magaalada wargeeyuu u diray oo fariin this.

Laakiin Ciidamada huwanta oo aan xitaa u maleynayaa in ay joojiso iska caabin ah. Petr Semenovich Saltykov lagu amray in lagu wareejiyo ciidamada dheeraad ah si height ah Spitsbergen, kaas oo waqti ahaayeen dagaalka yihiim. Si aad u dhigay cadaadi ah on ciidamada huwanta, Frederick II go'aansaday inuu codsan fardooley ah. Laakiin sabab u ah dhul buur ah oo ay ku oolnimada ayaa si weyn u dhimay. Ciidamada huwanta oo ay awoodaan in ay iska tuur weerar Prussian iyo iska dhigno ciidankii reer Frederick ka height ah Spitsbergen.

failure Tani waxa ay ahayd dhimasho ciidanka Prussian. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah taliyayaasha ay ayaa lagu dilay, iyo Friedrich ku dirqi kaga baxsaday dhimasho. Si aad u daaweyso xaaladda, ayuu kor u khali kaydka ugu danbeysay - cuirassiers. Laakiinse waxay ku xaaqay by awr Kalmyk ah.

Ka dib markii in ka dhan-ka sokeeye weerar. ciidanka Prussian loola cararay si ay uga baxsadaan, laakiin jiidhaya ee isgoyska ka sii xumeeyay xaaladda,. Frederick II tani weli waa aan ka war guuldaradii sida tumo. Oo ka mid ah 48,000 oo askari boqorka ahaa awoodaan in ay ka baxaan boos dagaalka rag karti lixaad qaba kaliya seddex kun. Sayidka dhamaaday dagaalka Kunersdorf.

khasaaraha dhinacyada

Intii uu socday dagaal, ay ku dhinteen 6271 qof oo ka ciidanka Prussian. 1356 askari oo la waayay, in kastoo, u badan tahay, wax badan oo ka mid ah ayaa sidoo kale laga helay dhimashada. In 4599 oo qof ayaa lagu qaaday maxbuus. Intaa waxaa dheer, in 2055 askari ka goostay. Laakiin share ugu weyn ka mid ah khasaaraha Prussian ay ku dhaawacmeen - 11342 qof. Dabcan, ay aan la tixgelin karo oo ah unugyada dagaalka buuxa. Total khasaaraha ciidanka Prussian ahayd 25623 qof.

Ciidamada huwanta ah ayaa laga badiyay yar lahayn. Sidaas daraaddeed, ayaa lagu dilay 7060 oo qof, kuwaas oo 5614 iyo 1446 Ruush Austrians. La la'yahay askari ee 1150, kuwaas oo 703 Ruush. Tirada ku dhaawacantay dhaafto tirada guud ee 15,300 oo qof. Intaa waxaa dheer, bilowgii dagaalka uu ahaa ciidamada Prussian qabtay shan kun oo askari oo ka tirsan ciidamada Midowga. Total khasaaraha lacag 28512 oo qof.

ka dib markii dagaal ka

Sayidka, ciidanka Prussian guuldarro naca weyn, taasoo ku calaamadsan Battle of Kunersdorf. 1759 ayaa laga yaabaa inuu waqti halligaadda dhamaystiran oo boqortooyada Prussia. Frederick II wuxuu ahaa saddex nin oo kaliya kun oo awood lixaad qaba kuwaas oo laga heli karin iska caabin hufan in ciidammadii huwanta, tirintii tobanaan kun oo qof. jidka loo Berlin ee ciidamada Ruushka ayaa la furay. Xitaa Friedrich waqtiga dhaadhiciyay in uu dowladda ugu dhakhsaha badan u iman doonaan inay dhamaadka ah. Horeba sanadkan, natiijooyinka Years War Todobo laga yaabaa ayaa la soo koobay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markaas iyadu ma lahaa wax-u.

Miracle ee Golaha Brandenburg

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo kuwan rajada rajo for ciidammadii huwanta, dagaalka Kunersdorf ayaa awoodi waayay inuu boos muhim in koorsada hawlgallada milateri. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u ah joogitaanka tiro ka mid ah is burinaya u dhexeeya madaxda ciidammada Ruush iyo Austria. Waqtigaas, marka waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd in uu abaabulo hillaac ah oo gaardinaya on Berlin, waxay qaateen ciidammadoodu ahaayeen inta aan la gaadhin heshiis on falalka si wadajir ah oo dheeraad ah. Oo labada Ruush iyo Austrians ku eedeeyay dhinaca kale waxaa ka mid ah waa xadgudub ku ah heshiisyada.

ciidanka Midowga gudeed noocan oo kale ah u waxyoonay Friedrich, ayaa laga badiyay ku rajaynaynay oo dhan natiijo guul dalkooda. Just dhawr maalmood, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay mar kale goolal ciidanka tridtsatitrehtysyachnuyu. Haddaba qof kasta oo iska dhaadhiciyay in Ciidamada huwanta oo ma awoodaan in ay ku soo biiraan iyagoon wax iska caabin dulmiga badan ee Berlin noqon doonaa. Intaa waxaa dheer, waa shaki weyn in caasimada Prussian guud ahaan qaadan doonaa.

Dhab ahaantii, sababta oo ah la'aanta ah ee amarka duwidda oo ka mid ah Ciidamada huwanta oo laga badiyay faa'iido weyn oo la helay ka dib markii dagaalka kunersdorf. Tani waa fiican naftooda u soo beegay Frederick II loogu magac daray "Miracle ee Brandenburg guriga."

Koorsada dheeraad ah oo dagaalka

Inkastoo guud ahaan musiibo Prussia u suurtagashay in ay ka fogaadaan, talaabo military oo dheeraad ah ee 1759 ma aha in ay Nicmada. Ciidamada Frederick II ee soo gaaray mid ka mid ah guuldarro kale ka dib markii. Prussia iyo England ayaa lagu qasbay inay dacwayn nabad, laakiin Russia iyo Austria, ayaa rajeynaya in ay ku dhameysan off Col, heshiis ma uu tegin.

Dhanka kale, raxan Ingiriisi wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay guul darradii weyn Faransiis ee Kiberonskom Bay iyo Frederick II ee 1760 adkaaday Austrians ee Torgau. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guuleed this xooray, isaga kici.

Markaas dagaalka la galay kala duwan guulo. Laakiin 1761 ciidammadii Austria iyo Ruush mar ahaa macaamiloodeen taxane ah oo guul burburiyo gobolka Prussian, kaas oo dhawr rumeysan yahay in ay ka soo kaban doonaan.

Mar Frederick II, mucjiso ah ugu badbaaday. Ruush Empire nabad buu la dhigtay. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxa ay soo galeen dagaal dhinaca cadowga la soo dhaafay. Tan waxaa loo sharxay by xaqiiqada ah in Empress Elizabeth ah, kuwaas oo had iyo jeer ku arkay hanjabaad Prussian, carshiga ku dhashay German-Peter III, macno ahaan la Wadaajinaysaan Frederick II badan qaatay. Tani waxay keentay in xaqiiqda ah in taajkii Prussian waxaa mar kale badbaadiyey.

Dhameystirka of War toddobadii sannadood ay

Ka dib markii in, waxaa caddaatay in mid ka mid ah dhinacyada ma awoodaan in ay gaaraan guushii kama dambaysta ah ee khilaafka mustaqbalka dhow noqon doono. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khasaaraha ka mid ah nolosha ciidammadooda oo dhan gaadhay tiro weyn, iyo khayraadka dalalka dagaallamaya ayaa dhammaaday. Sidaa darteed, dalalka ka qayb dagaalka, waxay bilaabeen inay isku dayaan inay dhexdooda heshiiyaan.

In 1762 France iyo Prussia ku heshiiyeen in ay dunida. Oo sannadda soo socota, dagaalku wuxuu ka yimid in ka badan.

Natiijooyinka guud ee dagaalkii toddobadii sannadood ay

Natiijooyinka guud ee dagaalkii toddobadii sannadood ay lagu tilmaami karaa by abstracts soo socda:

1. Buuxi guul aan la gaari by koox kasta oo colaadda, laakiin si fiican ay awoodaan in ay gaaraan isbahaysi of Great Britain iyo Prussia.

War 2. toddobadii sannadood ay ahayd mid ka mid ah colaadaha December ee qarnigii XVIII ah.

3. Battle of Kunersdorf iyo hawlaha kale guul ciidanka Ruushka ayaa mowjadda jagooyinka jaanqaadayn la Austrians iyo nabad oo kala duwan ee Peter III, Frederick II.

4. British maareeyeen in ay gacanta qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah deegaanada Faransiis.

5. Prussia dambeyntii tegey Silesia, ayaa sheegtay in ay Habsburgs Austria ah.

Cawaaqib xumada of War toddobadii sannadood ay

Xitaa ka dib markii gabagabada ah ee is burinaya ee u dhexeeya kooxaha ka mid ah dalalka dunida lagu xallin kari waayey xitaa, kaliya ka badan murugsan. Laakiin khasaaro weyn ee nolosha iyo daal dhaqaale oo ka mid ah dhinacyada dagaalamaya ay sabab u tahay dagaalkii toddobadii sannadood ay, ka dhigay wax aan macquul ahayn, waayo, dib isku dhaca ciidamada baaxad weyn oo u dhexeeya isbahaysiga ee dalalka Yurub ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii XVIII ka, marka bilowga ah ee kacaanka Faransiis iyo Wars Napoleonic ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khilaafka hoose ee Europe arrin inta badan ka kac xitaa in muddo this. Laakiin ujeedada ugu weyn ee dagaalka kula horyaalka gumeysiga ee dunida weli in ay yimaadaan.